The Role of Antioxidants in Skin Cancer Prevention and Treatment
Open accessAbstract
Skin cells are constantly exposed to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress from exogenous and endogenous sources. UV radiation is the most important environmental factor in the development of skin cancer and skin aging. The primary products caused by UV exposure are generally direct DNA oxidation or generation of free radicals which form and decompose extremely quickly but can produce effects that can last for hours, days, or even years. UV-induced generation of ROS in the skin develops oxidative stress when their formation exceeds the antioxidant defense ability. The reduction of oxidative stress can be achieved on two levels: by lowering exposure to UVR and/or by increasing levels of antioxidant defense in order to scavenge ROS. The only endogenous protection of our skin is melanin and enzymatic antioxidants. Melanin, the pigment deposited by melanocytes, is the first line of defense against DNA damage at the surface of the skin, but it cannot totally prevent skin damage. A second category of defense is repair processes, which remove the damaged biomolecules before they can accumulate and before their presence results in altered cell metabolism. Additional UV protection includes avoidance of sun exposure, usage of sunscreens, protective clothes, and antioxidant supplements.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The overproduction and/or mismanagement of ROS may result in oxidative stress, which has been implicated in a large variety of skin disorders and skin diseases, such as UV irradiation damages, skin inflammation, bacterial skin infections, and skin cancer.
“The overproduction and/or mismanagement of ROS may result in oxidative stress, which have been implicated in a large variety of skin disorders and skin diseases, such as UV irradiation damages, skin inflammation, bacterial skin infections, and skin cancer (Portugal et al., 2007; Pham-Huy et al., 2008; Godic et al., 2014).”
From A Frog Peptide Ameliorates Skin Photoaging Through Scavenging Reactive Oxygen Species (2022) · cites this paper as Godic et al., 2014
Exogenous supplementation with dietary antioxidants and/or skin pretreatment with antioxidant-based lotions before sun exposure might be a winning strategy against age-related skin pathologies.
“Exogenous supplementation with dietary antioxidants and/or skin pretreatment with antioxidant-based lotions before sun exposure might be a winning strategy against age-related skin pathologies.”
From Antioxidants from Plants Protect against Skin Photoaging (2018) · cites this paper as [86]
In humans, ascorbic acid acts as a photoprotectant at doses above the minimal erythema dose, stimulates collagen synthesis, protects against damage from UVA/B radiation, and mitigates inflammation in the skin.
“In humans, it has been found that ascorbic acid acts as a photoprotectant at doses above the minimal erythema dose and that stimulates collagen synthesis, protects against damage from UVA/B radiation, and mitigates inflammation in the skin [86, 99, 100].”
From Antioxidants from Plants Protect against Skin Photoaging (2018) · cites this paper as [86]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
The citation lists haven’t been fetched yet
References 40 · Cited by 293
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- [6]Halliwell B Gutteridge J Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine 1999 3rd edition Oxford, UK Clarendon Press
- [11]Thiele J Barland CO Ghadially R Elias P Gilchrest B Krutmann J Permeability and antioxidant barriers in aged skin Skin Aging 2006 Berlin, Germany Springer
- [18]Poljsak B Pesti M Jamnik P Raspor P Nriagu J Impact of environmental pollutants on oxidation-reduction processes in the cell environment Encyclopedia of Environmental Health 2011 Elsevier
- [20]Thiele JJ Oxidative targets in the stratum corneum: a new basis for antioxidative strategies Skin Pharmacology and Applied Skin Physiology 2001 14 1 87 91 2-s2.0-0035734002 11509912
- [23]Stahl W Krutmann J Systemic photoprotection through carotenoids Hautarzt 2006 57 4 281 285 2-s2.0-33645461667 16463037
- Authors
- Godic, A., Poljšak, B., Adamic, M., & Dahmane, R.
- Affiliations
- Department of Dermatology, Cambridge University Hospitals, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- University of Ljubljana (SI)
- Dermatology Centre Parmova, Parmova Street 53, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Venue
- Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2014-03-26
- Volume
- 2014
- Pages
- 1-6
- ISSN
- 1942-0994 (ISSN-L)
- 1942-0900
- PMC
- PMC3984781
- OpenAlex
- W1985087138
- Cited by
- 293
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 4
- FWCI
- 4.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- corrigendum (2020-08-31)
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Skin Protection and Aging
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer Studies
- Keywords
- antioxidants, skin cancer, oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species, ultraviolet radiation, melanin, DNA damage, free radicals, skin aging, sunscreen, sun protection, antioxidant supplements, DNA repair
- MeSH terms
- Antioxidants, Ascorbic Acid, Glutathione, Humans, Retinoids, Skin Neoplasms, Ultraviolet Rays, Vitamin E, Reactive Oxygen Species, beta Carotene
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
