Qualitative research: institutional preparedness during threats of infectious disease outbreaks
Open accessAbstract
Background . As demonstrated during the global Ebola crisis of 2014–2016, healthcare institutions in high resource settings need support concerning preparedness during threats of infectious disease outbreaks. This study aimed to exploratively develop a standardized preparedness system to use during unfolding threats of severe infectious diseases. Methods. A qualitative three‐step study among infectious disease prevention and control experts was performed. First, interviews ( n = 5) were conducted to identify which factors trigger preparedness activities during an unfolding threat. Second, these triggers informed the design of a phased preparedness system which was tested in a focus group discussion ( n = 11). Here preparedness activities per phase and per healthcare institution were identified. Third, the preparedness system was completed and verified in individual interviews ( n = 3). Interviews and the focus group were recorded, transcribed, and coded for emerging themes by two researchers independently. Data were analyzed using content analysis. Results. Four preparedness phases were identified: preparedness phase green is a situation without the presence of the infectious disease threat that requires centralized care, anywhere in the world. Phase yellow is an outbreak in the world with some likelihood of imported cases. Phase orange is a realistic chance of an unexpected case within the country, or unrest developing among population or staff; phase red is cases admitted to hospitals in the country, potentially causing a shortage of resources. Specific preparedness activities included infection prevention, diagnostics, patient care, staff, and communication. Consensus was reached on the need for the development of a preparedness system and national coordination during threats. Conclusions. In this study, we developed a standardized system to support institutional preparedness during an increasing threat. Use of this system by both curative healthcare institutions and the (municipal) public health service, could help to effectively communicate and align preparedness activities during future threats of severe infectious diseases.
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Long-term institutional preparedness for these modifiable factors is possible through specialized training covering infection prevention, diagnostics, patient care, staff, and communication.
“Long-term institutional preparedness is possible for both factors, through the development and implementation of specialized training that includes infection prevention, diagnostics, patient care, staff, and communication (de Rooij et al., 2020).”
From Impact of viral epidemic outbreaks on mental health of healthcare workers: a rapid systematic review and meta-analysis (2020) · cites this paper as de Rooij et al., 2020
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- Authors
- de Rooij, D., Belfroid, E., Eilers, R., Roßkamp, D., Swaan, C., & Timen, A.
- Affiliations
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (NL)
- Venue
- BioMed Research International
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2020-01
- Volume
- 2020
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 5861894-5861894
- ISSN
- 1110-7243 (ISSN-L)
- 2314-6133
- 2314-6141
- PMC
- PMC6998699
- OpenAlex
- W3002955245
- Cited by
- 27
- References
- 13
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 5
- FWCI
- 3.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- BioMed Research International (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Rivm (National Institute for Public Health and the Environment) (submittedVersion)
- Rivm (National Institute for Public Health and the Environment) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Utrecht University Medical Center
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Emergency Medical Services › Disaster Response and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Infection Control in Healthcare
- Keywords
- medical institutions, Ebola outbreak, infection control, outbreak response, national coordination, public health services, healthcare staff communication, resource constraints
- MeSH terms
- Cooperative Behavior, Disease Outbreaks, Health Facilities, Humans, Terminology as Topic, Qualitative Research
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