Current Research on Silver Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications
Open accessAbstract
Over the past couple of decades, nanomaterials have advanced the research in materials; biomedical, biological, and chemical sciences; etc., owing to their peculiar properties at the nanoregime compared to their bulk composition. Applications of nanoparticles in the fields like medicine and agriculture have been boosted due to the development of different methodologies developed to synthesize specific shapes and sizes. Silver nanoparticles have tunable physical and chemical properties, so it has been studied widely to improve its applicability. The antimicrobial properties of Ag NPs are finding their application in enhancing the activity of drugs (like Amphotericin B, Nystatin, Fluconazole) and composite scaffolds for controlled release of drugs and targeted delivery of drugs due to their low toxicity and biocompatibility. Similarly, their surface plasmon resonance property makes Ag NPs a top-notch material for developing (bio)sensors, for instance, in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, for detecting biomarkers, diseases, pollutants, and higher catalytic activity in photochemical reactions. Besides these, highly conducting Ag NPs are used in wearable and flexible sensors to generate electrocardiographs. Physicochemical or biological approaches are used to prepare Ag NPs; however, each method has its pros and cons. The prohibitive cost and use of hazardous chemicals hinder the application of physicochemical synthesis. Likewise, biological synthesis is not always reproducible for extensive use but can be a suitable candidate for therapeutic activities like cancer therapy. Excess use of Ag NPs is cytotoxic, and their unregulated discharge in the environment may have effects on both aquatic and terrestrial biota. The research in Ag NPs has always been driven by the need to develop a technology with potential benefits and minimal risk to environmental and human health. In this review, we have attempted to provide an insight into the application of Ag NPs in various sectors along with the recent synthetic and characterization techniques used for Ag NPs.
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Characterization provides information on morphology, crystal structure, chemistry, electronic structure, mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties.
“Characterization provides information on morphology, crystal structure, chemistry, electronic structure, mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties.143”
From Emerging nanotechnology approaches for sustainable water treatment and heavy metals removal: a comprehensive review (2025) · cites this paper as [143]
In §1.8 (page unavailable), the paper describes characterization methods that reveal nanoparticle morphology, crystal structure, and chemical composition. The passages do not establish that characterization provides information on electronic structure or mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Hussein, E. B., Rasheed, F. A., Mohammed, A. S., & Kayani, K. F. (2025) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/d5ra06914a · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Impact of big data analysis on nanosensors for applied sciences using neural networks
Shitharth, S., Meshram, P., Kshirsagar, P. R., Manoharan, H., Tirth, V., & Sundramurthy, V. P. (2021) · Journal of Nanomaterials · doi:10.1155/2021/4927607 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
- Authors
- Dawadi, S., Katuwal, S., Gupta, A., Lamichhane, U., Thapa, R., Jaisi, S., Lamichhane, G., Bhattarai, D. P., & Parajuli, N.
- Affiliations
- Tribhuvan University (NP)
- University of Massachusetts Dartmouth (US)
- Corresponding author
- Parajuli, Niranjan
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Nanomaterials
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2021-02-05
- Volume
- 2021
- Pages
- 1-23
- ISSN
- 1687-4110 (ISSN-L)
- 1687-4129
- OpenAlex
- W3127271679
- Cited by
- 399
- References
- 225
- Citations by year
- 2026: 56 · 2025: 98 · 2024: 87 · 2023: 68 · 2022: 68 · 2021: 22
- FWCI
- 18.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Nanomaterials (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials › Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Laser-Ablation Synthesis of Nanoparticles
- Keywords
- silver nanoparticles, nanoparticle synthesis, biosynthesis, antimicrobial activity, drug delivery, surface plasmon resonance, biosensors, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, flexible sensors, cancer therapy, cytotoxicity, ecotoxicity, green synthesis
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