The DOI matches its Crossref record; 12 of the 12 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
p53 and NF-κB Coregulate Proinflammatory Gene Responses in Human Macrophages
Open accessAbstract
Macrophages are sentinel immune cells that survey the tissue microenvironment, releasing cytokines in response to both exogenous insults and endogenous events such as tumorigenesis. Macrophages mediate tumor surveillance and therapy-induced tumor regression; however, tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) and their products may also promote tumor progression. Whereas NF-κB is prominent in macrophage-initiated inflammatory responses, little is known about the role of p53 in macrophage responses to environmental challenge, including chemotherapy or in TAMs. Here, we report that NF-κB and p53, which generally have opposing effects in cancer cells, coregulate induction of proinflammatory genes in primary human monocytes and macrophages. Using Nutlin-3 as a tool, we demonstrate that p53 and NF-κB rapidly and highly induce interleukin (IL)-6 by binding to its promoter. Transcriptome analysis revealed global p53/NF-κB co-regulation of immune response genes, including several chemokines, which effectively induced human neutrophil migration. In addition, we show that p53, activated by tumor cell paracrine factors, induces high basal levels of macrophage IL-6 in a TAM model system [tumor-conditioned macrophages (TCM)]. Compared with normal macrophages, TCMs exhibited higher p53 levels, enhanced p53 binding to the IL-6 promoter, and reduced IL-6 levels upon p53 inhibition. Taken together, we describe a mechanism by which human macrophages integrate signals through p53 and NF-κB to drive proinflammatory cytokine induction. Our results implicate a novel role for macrophage p53 in conditioning the tumor microenvironment and suggest a potential mechanism by which p53-activating chemotherapeutics, acting upon p53-sufficient macrophages and precursor monocytes, may indirectly impact tumors lacking functional p53. Cancer Res; 74(8); 2182–92. ©2014 AACR.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
In Vivo Activation of the p53 Pathway by Small-Molecule Antagonists of MDM2
Vassilev, L. T., Vu, B. T., Graves, B., Carvajal, D., Podlaski, F., Filipovic, Z., Kong, N., Kammlott, U., Lukacs, C., Klein, C., et al. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1092472 · Cited by 4,661
Mdm2 promotes the rapid degradation of p53
Haupt, Y., Maya, R., Kazaz, A., & Oren, M. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/387296a0 · Cited by 4,506
Senescence and tumour clearance is triggered by p53 restoration in murine liver carcinomas
Xue, W., Zender, L., Miething, C., Dickins, R. A., Hernando, E., Krizhanovsky, V., Cordon-Cardo, C., & Lowe, S. W. (2007) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05529 · Cited by 2,473
IKKβ Links Inflammation and Tumorigenesis in a Mouse Model of Colitis-Associated Cancer
Greten, F. R., Eckmann, L., Greten, T. F., Park, J. M., Li, Z.-W., Egan, L. J., Kagnoff, M. F., & Karin, M. (2004) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2004.07.013 · Cited by 2,433
Crosstalk in NF-κB Signaling Pathways
Oeckinghaus, A., Hayden, M. S., & Ghosh, S. (2011) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.2065 · Cited by 1,942
A Chemical Inhibitor of p53 That Protects Mice from the Side Effects of Cancer Therapy
Komarov, P. G., Komarova, E. A., Kondratov, R. V., Christov-Tselkov, K., Coon, J. S., Chernov, M. V., & Gudkov, A. V. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.285.5434.1733 · Cited by 1,270
Matsusaka, T., Fujikawa, K., Nishio, Y., Mukaida, N., Matsushima, K., Kishimoto, T., & Akira, S. (1993) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.90.21.10193 · Cited by 959
Menendez, D., Nguyen, T.-A., Freudenberg, J. M., Mathew, V. J., Anderson, C. W., Jothi, R., & Resnick, M. A. (2013) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkt504 · Cited by 154
Self-citationThe Toll-like receptor gene family is integrated into human DNA damage and p53 networks
Menendez, D., Shatz, M., Azzam, K., Garantziotis, S., Fessler, M. B., & Resnick, M. A. (2011) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1001360 · Cited by 148
Self-citationKadekaro, A. L., Chen, J., Yang, J., Chen, S., Jameson, J., Swope, V. B., Cheng, T., Kadakia, M., & Abdel-Malek, Z. (2012) · Molecular Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-11-0436 · Cited by 122
Cited by
Metabolic Reprogramming of Immune Cells in Cancer Progression
Biswas, S. K. (2015) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2015.09.001 · Cited by 721
Dunphy, G., Flannery, S. M., Almine, J. F., Connolly, D. J., Paulus, C., Jønsson, K. L., Jakobsen, M. R., Nevels, M. M., Bowie, A. G., & Unterholzner, L. (2018) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2018.07.034 · Cited by 648
“Because cooperation between p53 and p65 in the transactivation of innate immune genes, including IL-6 and CCL20, has been observed (Lowe et al., 2014), it remains to be investigated whether p53 acts as a transcription factor and/or has a role in NF-kB activation during the transcriptional response to etoposide.”
BackgroundHall, B. M., Balan, V., Gleiberman, A. S., Strom, E., Krasnov, P., Virtuoso, L. P., Rydkina, E., Vujcic, S., Balan, K., Gitlin, I. I., et al. (2017) · Aging · doi:10.18632/aging.101268 · Cited by 407
p53, cancer and the immune response
Blagih, J., Buck, M. D., & Vousden, K. H. (2020) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.237453 · Cited by 333
Ham, I.-H., Oh, H. J., Jin, H., Bae, C. A., Jeon, S.-M., Choi, K. S., Son, S.-Y., Han, S.-U., Brekken, R. A., Lee, D., et al. (2019) · Molecular Cancer · doi:10.1186/s12943-019-0972-8 · Cited by 264
Metadata
- Authors
- Lowe, J. M., Menendez, D., Bushel, P. R., Shatz, M., Kirk, E. L., Troester, M. A., Garantziotis, S., Fessler, M. B., & Resnick, M. A.
- Venue
- Cancer Research
- Published
- 2014-04-15
- Volume
- 74
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 2182-2192
- ISSN
- 0008-5472 (ISSN-L)
- 1538-7445
- OpenAlex
- W2084268370
- Cited by
- 171
- References
- 12
- FWCI
- 3.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: p53 and NF-κB Coregulate Proinflammatory Gene Responses in Human Macrophages. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-1070
- The paper
- Lowe, J. M., Menendez, D., Bushel, P. R., Shatz, M., Kirk, E. L., Troester, M. A., Garantziotis, S., Fessler, M. B., & Resnick, M. A. (2014). p53 and NF-κB Coregulate Proinflammatory Gene Responses in Human Macrophages. Cancer Research. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-1070
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.