Pathophysiologic and Pharmacologic Considerations to Improve the Design and Application of Antibody–Drug Conjugates
Open accessAbstract
Antibody–drug conjugates (ADC) have emerged as one of the pillars of clinical disease management in oncology. The biggest hurdle to widespread development and application of ADCs has been a narrow therapeutic index. Advances in antibody technologies and formats as well as novel linker and payload chemistries have begun to facilitate structural improvements to ADCs. However, the interplay of structural characteristics with physiologic and pharmacologic factors determining therapeutic success has garnered less attention. This review elaborates on the pharmacology of ADCs, the pathophysiology of cancerous tissues, and the reciprocal consequences on ADC properties and functions. While most currently approved ADCs utilize either microtubule inhibition or DNA damage as primary mechanisms of action, we present arguments to expand this repertoire and highlight the need for payload mechanisms that exploit disease-specific vulnerabilities. We promote the idea that the choice of antibody format, targeting antigen, linker properties, and payload of an ADC should be deliberately fit for purpose by taking the pathophysiology of disease and the specific pharmacology of the drug entity into account, thus allowing a higher probability of clinical success.
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The histological architecture of mCRPC-characterized by dense stroma, low vascularity, and high between-tumor heterogeneity-has limited ADC penetration and distribution within tumor tissue.
“In particular, the histological architecture of mCRPC—characterized by dense stroma, low vascularity, and high between-tumor heterogeneity—has limited ADC penetration and distribution within tumor tissue219–222.”
From The evolving landscape of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) for treatment of prostate cancer (2025) · cites this paper as [219]
The ‘Active and passive targeting’ section says that solid-tumor histopathology can hinder ADC access to cancer cells, and ‘The use of advanced preclinical cancer models’ discusses stromal barriers to penetration and distribution. The paper does not establish that mCRPC specifically has dense stroma, low vascularity, or high between-tumor heterogeneity, or that those features have limited ADC distribution in mCRPC. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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Sorted by citations
The Journey of Antibody–Drug Conjugates: Lessons Learned from 40 Years of Development
Colombo, R., Tarantino, P., Rich, J. R., LoRusso, P. M., & de Vries, E. G. E. (2024) · Cancer Discovery · doi:10.1158/2159-8290.cd-24-0708 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
The evolving landscape of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) for treatment of prostate cancer
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- Authors
- Boghaert, E. R., Cox, M. C., & Vaidya, K. S.
- Affiliations
- AbbVie (United States) (US)
- Jazz Pharmaceuticals (United States) (US)
- Corresponding author
- Boghaert, Erwin R.
- Venue
- Cancer Research
- Published
- 2022-03-17
- Volume
- 82
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1858-1869
- ISSN
- 0008-5472 (ISSN-L)
- 1538-7445
- OpenAlex
- W4220764795
- Cited by
- 17
- References
- 136
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 0.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Cancer Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Toxin Mechanisms and Immunotoxins
- Keywords
- antibody-drug conjugates, tumor pathophysiology, linker chemistry, antibody formats, microtubule inhibitors, DNA damage, narrow therapeutic index, targeted cancer therapy
- MeSH terms
- Antibodies, Antineoplastic Agents, Humans, Neoplasms, Immunoconjugates
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