The DOI matches its Crossref record; 51 of the 51 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Targetable Signaling Pathway Mutations Are Associated with Malignant Phenotype in IDH -Mutant Gliomas
Open accessPublished version of a preprint
Abstract
Purpose: Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) gene mutations occur in low-grade and high-grade gliomas. We sought to identify the genetic basis of malignant phenotype heterogeneity in IDH-mutant gliomas. Methods: We prospectively implanted tumor specimens from 20 consecutive IDH1-mutant glioma resections into mouse brains and genotyped all resection specimens using a CLIA-certified molecular panel. Gliomas with cancer driver mutations were tested for sensitivity to targeted inhibitors in vitro. Associations between genomic alterations and outcomes were analyzed in patients. Results: By 10 months, 8 of 20 IDH1-mutant gliomas developed intracerebral xenografts. All xenografts maintained mutant IDH1 and high levels of 2-hydroxyglutarate on serial transplantation. All xenograft-producing gliomas harbored “lineage-defining” mutations in CIC (oligodendroglioma) or TP53 (astrocytoma), and 6 of 8 additionally had activating mutations in PIK3CA or amplification of PDGFRA, MET, or N-MYC. Only IDH1 and CIC/TP53 mutations were detected in non–xenograft-forming gliomas (P = 0.0007). Targeted inhibition of the additional alterations decreased proliferation in vitro. Moreover, we detected alterations in known cancer driver genes in 13.4% of IDH-mutant glioma patients, including PIK3CA, KRAS, AKT, or PTEN mutation or PDGFRA, MET, or N-MYC amplification. IDH/CIC mutant tumors were associated with PIK3CA/KRAS mutations whereas IDH/TP53 tumors correlated with PDGFRA/MET amplification. Presence of driver alterations at progression was associated with shorter subsequent progression-free survival (median 9.0 vs. 36.1 months; P = 0.0011). Conclusion: A subset of IDH-mutant gliomas with mutations in driver oncogenes has a more malignant phenotype in patients. Identification of these alterations may provide an opportunity for use of targeted therapies in these patients. Clin Cancer Res; 20(11); 2898–909. ©2014 AACR.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“IDH1 mutations are early events in the development of glial cancer (Watanabe et al., 2009), raising the possibility that IDH mutations are important for tumor initiation, but accumulation of additional oncogenic mutations renders GBM tumors less dependent on constitutive expression of mutant IDH for tumor proliferation and progression (Johnson et al., 2014; Wakimoto et al., 2014).”
From Targeting Metabolism for Cancer Therapy (2017) · cites this paper as Wakimoto et al., 2014
In the citing paper
“Network analysis of the several driver mutation genes, including KMT2D138, PIK3CA139, PTEN140, and IDH1141, that regulate signaling and metabolic pathways in KRAS-driven cancers, connects them to oncogenic RAS (Fig 4c).”
From The metabolic landscape of RAS-driven cancers from biology to therapy (2021) · cites this paper as [140]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Intratumor Heterogeneity and Branched Evolution Revealed by Multiregion Sequencing
Gerlinger, M., Rowan, A. J., Horswell, S., Larkin, J., Endesfelder, D., Gronroos, E., Martinez, P., Matthews, N., Stewart, A., Tarpey, P., et al. (2012) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1113205 · Cited by 7,774
Comprehensive genomic characterization defines human glioblastoma genes and core pathways
The Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07385 · Cited by 7,735
An Integrated Genomic Analysis of Human Glioblastoma Multiforme
Parsons, D. W., Jones, S., Zhang, X., Lin, J. C.-H., Leary, R. J., Angenendt, P., Mankoo, P., Carter, H., Siu, I.-M., Gallia, G. L., et al. (2008) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1164382 · Cited by 5,857
IDH1 and IDH2 Mutations in Gliomas
Yan, H., Parsons, D. W., Jin, G., McLendon, R., Rasheed, B. A., Yuan, W., Kos, I., Batinic-Haberle, I., Jones, S., Riggins, G. J., et al. (2009) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0808710 · Cited by 5,847
Wen, P. Y., Macdonald, D. R., Reardon, D. A., Cloughesy, T. F., Sorensen, A. G., Galanis, E., DeGroot, J. F., Wick, W., Gilbert, M. R., Lassman, A. B., et al. (2010) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2009.26.3541 · Cited by 3,890
BET Bromodomain Inhibition as a Therapeutic Strategy to Target c-Myc
Delmore, J. E., Issa, G. C., Lemieux, M. E., Rahl, P. B., Shi, J., Jacobs, H. M., Kastritis, E., Gilpatrick, T., Paranal, R. M., Qi, J., et al. (2011) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2011.08.017 · Cited by 2,888
IDH1 mutation is sufficient to establish the glioma hypermethylator phenotype
Turcan, S., Rohle, D., Goenka, A., Walsh, L. A., Fang, F., Yilmaz, E., Campos, C., Fabius, A. W. M., Lu, C., Ward, P. S., et al. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10866 · Cited by 1,974
The multistep nature of cancer
Vogelstein, B., & Kinzler, K. W. (1993) · Trends in Genetics · doi:10.1016/0168-9525(93)90209-z · Cited by 1,858
Killela, P. J., Reitman, Z. J., Jiao, Y., Bettegowda, C., Agrawal, N., Diaz, L. A., Friedman, A. H., Friedman, H., Gallia, G. L., Giovanella, B. C., et al. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1303607110 · Cited by 1,368
Mutational analysis reveals the origin and therapy-driven evolution of recurrent glioma
Johnson, B. E., Mazor, T., Hong, C., Barnes, M., Aihara, K., McLean, C. Y., Fouse, S. D., Yamamoto, S., Ueda, H., Tatsuno, K., et al. (2014) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1239947 · Cited by 1,362
van den Bent, M. J., Brandes, A. A., TAPHOORN, M. J. B., Kros, J. M., Kouwenhoven, M. C. M., Delattre, J., Bernsen, H. J. J. A., Frénay, M., Tijssen, C. C., Grisold, W., et al. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2012.43.2229 · Cited by 1,220
Hartmann, C. J., Meyer, J., Balß, J., Capper, D., Mueller, W. C., Christians, A., Felsberg, J., Wolter, M., Mawrin, C., Wick, W., et al. (2009) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-009-0561-9 · Cited by 1,163
Cairncross, G. J., Wang, M., Shaw, E., Jenkins, R. B., Brachman, D. G., Buckner, J. C., Fink, K., Souhami, L., Laperrière, N., Curran, W., et al. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2012.43.2674 · Cited by 1,152
Analysis of the IDH1 codon 132 mutation in brain tumors
Balss, J., Meyer, J., Mueller, W., Korshunov, A., Hartmann, C., & von Deimling, A. (2008) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-008-0455-2 · Cited by 1,036
IDH1 mutations are early events in the development of astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas
Watanabe, T., Nobusawa, S., Kleihues, P., & Ohgaki, H. (2009) · The American Journal of Pathology · doi:10.2353/ajpath.2009.080958 · Cited by 1,027
Hartmann, C. J., Hentschel, B., Wick, W., Capper, D., Felsberg, J., Simon, M., Westphal, M., Schackert, G., Meyermann, R., Pietsch, T., et al. (2010) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-010-0781-z · Cited by 823
Isolation of cancer stem cells from adult glioblastoma multiforme
Yuan, X., Curtin, J. F., Xiong, Y., Liu, G., Wachsmann‐Hogiu, S., Farkas, D. L., Black, K. L., & Yu, J. S. (2004) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1208311 · Cited by 814
IDH1 Mutations as Molecular Signature and Predictive Factor of Secondary Glioblastomas
Nobusawa, S., Watanabe, T., Kleihues, P., & Ohgaki, H. (2009) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-0715 · Cited by 707
Jänne, P. A., Shaw, A. T., Pereira, J. R., Jeannin, G., Vansteenkiste, J., Barrios, C., Franke, F. A., Grinsted, L., Zazulina, V., Smith, P., et al. (2013) · The Lancet Oncology · doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(12)70489-8 · Cited by 655
Frequent ATRX , CIC , FUBP1 and IDH1 mutations refine the classification of malignant gliomas
Jiao, Y., Killela, P. J., Reitman, Z. J., Rasheed, B. A., Heaphy, C. M., de Wilde, R. F., Rodríguez, F. J., Rosemberg, S., Oba‐Shinjo, S. M., Marie, S. K. N., et al. (2012) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.588 · Cited by 610
IDH1 mutations are present in the majority of common adult gliomas but rare in primary glioblastomas
Ichimura, K., Pearson, D. M., Kocialkowski, S., Bäcklund, L. M., Chan, R., Jones, D., & Collins, V. P. (2009) · Neuro-Oncology · doi:10.1215/15228517-2009-025 · Cited by 593
Mutations in CIC and FUBP1 Contribute to Human Oligodendroglioma
Bettegowda, C., Agrawal, N., Jiao, Y., Sausen, M., Wood, L. D., Hruban, R. H., Rodríguez, F. J., Cahill, D. P., McLendon, R. E., Riggins, G. J., et al. (2011) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1210557 · Cited by 561
Self-citationIDH1 or IDH2 mutations predict longer survival and response to temozolomide in low-grade gliomas
Houillier, C., Wang, X., Kaloshi, G., Mokhtari, K., Guillevin, R., Laffaire, J., Paris, S., Boisselier, B., Idbaïh, A., Laigle–Donadey, F., et al. (2010) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181f96282 · Cited by 545
Characterization of R132H Mutation‐specific IDH1 Antibody Binding in Brain Tumors
Capper, D., Weißert, S., Balß, J., Habel, A., Meyer, J., Jaeger, D., Ackermann, U., Tessmer, C., Korshunov, A., Zentgraf, H., et al. (2009) · Brain Pathology · doi:10.1111/j.1750-3639.2009.00352.x · Cited by 534
Yan, H., Killela, P. J., Reitman, Z. J., Jiao, Y., Bettegowda, C., Agrawal, N., Diaz, L. A., Friedman, A. H., Friedman, H. S., Gallia, G. L., et al. (2014) · Neuro-Oncology · doi:10.1093/neuonc/nou206.18 · Cited by 531
Furet, P., Guagnano, V., Fairhurst, R. A., Imbach, P. A., Bruce, I., Knapp, M. S., Fritsch, C. M., Blasco, F., Blanz, J., Aichholz, R., et al. (2013) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.05.007 · Cited by 492
Lai, A., Kharbanda, S., Pope, W. B., Tran, A. N., Solis, O. E., Peale, F. V., Jr., Forrest, W. F., Pujara, K., Carrillo, J., Pandita, A., et al. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2010.33.8715 · Cited by 440
Hunter, C., Smith, R., Cahill, D. P., Stephens, P., Stevens, C., Teague, J. W., Greenman, C., Edkins, S., Bignell, G. R., Davies, H. R., et al. (2006) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-0127 · Cited by 431
Self-citationDias-Santagata, D. C., Akhavanfard, S., David, S. S., Vernovsky, K., Kuhlmann, G., Boisvert, S. L., Stubbs, H., McDermott, U., Settleman, J. E., Kwak, E. L., et al. (2010) · EMBO Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1002/emmm.201000070 · Cited by 393
Self-citationReductive glutamine metabolism is a function of the α-ketoglutarate to citrate ratio in cells
Fendt, S.-M., Bell, E. L., Keibler, M. A., Olenchock, B. A., Mayers, J. R., Wasylenko, T. M., Vokes, N. I., Guarente, L., Heiden, M. G. V., & Stephanopoulos, G. (2013) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms3236 · Cited by 364 · cited 1×
“2HG fragment 433m/z and the glutamate fragment 432m/z were used for further analysis (34).”
Self-citationWakimoto, H., Kesari, S., Farrell, C. J., Curry, W. T., Zaupa, C., Aghi, M. K., Kuroda, T., Stemmer-Rachamimov, A. O., Shah, K., Liu, T., et al. (2009) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-3886 · Cited by 361
Self-citationMutations of PIK3CA in Anaplastic Oligodendrogliomas, High-Grade Astrocytomas, and Medulloblastomas
Broderick, D. K., Di, C., Parrett, T. J., Samuels, Y., Cummins, J. M., McLendon, R. E., Fults, D. W., Velculescu, V. E., Bigner, D. D., & Yan, H. (2004) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-04-1170 · Cited by 336
Yip, S. S. F., Butterfield, Y. S. N., Morozova, O., Chittaranjan, S., Blough, M. D., An, J., Birol, İ., Chesnelong, C., Chiu, R., Chuah, E., et al. (2011) · The Journal of Pathology · doi:10.1002/path.2995 · Cited by 315
Whole exome sequencing identifies ATRX mutation as a key molecular determinant in lower-grade glioma
Kannan, K. S., Inagaki, A., Silber, J., Gorovets, D. J., Zhang, J., Kastenhuber, E. R., Heguy, A., Petrini, J. H. J., Chan, T. A.-T., & Huse, J. T. (2012) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.689 · Cited by 283
Maintenance of primary tumor phenotype and genotype in glioblastoma stem cells
Wakimoto, H., Mohapatra, G., Kanai, R., Curry, W. T., Yip, S. S. F., Nitta, M., Patel, A. P., Barnard, Z. R., Stemmer-Rachamimov, A. O., Louis, D. N., et al. (2011) · Neuro-Oncology · doi:10.1093/neuonc/nor195 · Cited by 245
Self-citationJoo, K. M., Kim, J., Jin, J., Kim, M., Seol, H. J., Muradov, J. M., Yang, H., Choi, Y., Park, W., Kong, D., et al. (2013) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2012.12.013 · Cited by 239
Self-citationFendt, S., Bell, E. L., Keibler, M. A., Davidson, S. M., Wirth, G. J., Fiske, B. P., Mayers, J. R., Schwab, M. G., Bellinger, G., Csibi, A., et al. (2013) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-0080 · Cited by 196
Self-citationAn in vivo patient-derived model of endogenous IDH1-mutant glioma
Luchman, H. A., Stechishin, O. D. M., Dang, N. H., Blough, M. D., Chesnelong, C., Kelly, J. J., Nguyen, S. A., Chan, J. A.-W., Weljie, A. M., Cairncross, J. G., et al. (2011) · Neuro-Oncology · doi:10.1093/neuonc/nor207 · Cited by 194
Chen, C., Liu, Y., Lü, C., Cross, J. R., Morris, J. P., Shroff, A., Ward, P. S., Bradner, J. E., Thompson, C. B., & Lowe, S. W. (2013) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.226613.113 · Cited by 186
Perry, A., Miller, C. R., Gujrati, M., Scheithauer, B. W., Casavilca-Zambrano, S. A., Jost, S. C., Raghavan, R., Qian, J., Cochran, E. J., Huse, J. T., et al. (2008) · Brain Pathology · doi:10.1111/j.1750-3639.2008.00167.x · Cited by 177
Mutation analysis of the Ras pathway genes NRAS, HRAS, KRAS and BRAF in glioblastomas
Knobbe-Thomsen, C. B., REIFENBERGER, J., & Reifenberger, G. (2004) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-004-0929-9 · Cited by 156
Mutant Metabolic Enzymes Are at the Origin of Gliomas
Yan, H., Bigner, D. D., Velculescu, V. E., & Parsons, D. W. (2009) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-2650 · Cited by 156
Disruption of Wild-Type IDH1 Suppresses D-2-Hydroxyglutarate Production in IDH1-Mutated Gliomas
Jin, G., Reitman, Z. J., Duncan, C. G., Spasojević, I., Gooden, D. M., Rasheed, B. A., Yang, R. R., Lopez, G. Y., He, Y., McLendon, R. E., et al. (2012) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-2852 · Cited by 130
Jeuken, J. W. M., den Broecke, C. V., Gijsen, S. J., Boots‐Sprenger, S., & Wesseling, P. (2007) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-007-0239-0 · Cited by 111
Phillips, J. J., Aranda, D., Ellison, D. W., Judkins, A. R., Croul, S. E., Brat, D. J., Ligon, K. L., Horbinski, C., Venneti, S., Zadeh, G. M., et al. (2013) · Brain Pathology · doi:10.1111/bpa.12043 · Cited by 108
Oligodendroglioma cell lines containing t(1;19)(q10;p10)
Kelly, J. J., Blough, M. D., Stechishin, O. D. M., Chan, J. A.-W., Beauchamp, D. R., Perizzolo, M., Demetrick, D. J., Steele, L., Auer, R. N., Hader, W. J., et al. (2010) · Neuro-Oncology · doi:10.1093/neuonc/noq031 · Cited by 94
Walker, E. J., Zhang, C., Castelo‐Branco, P., Hawkins, C. E., Wilson, W. V., Zhukova, N., Alon, N., Novokmet, A., Baskin, B., Ray, P. N., et al. (2011) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-2266 · Cited by 63
Prospective, high-throughput molecular profiling of human gliomas
Chi, A. S., Batchelor, T. T., Dias-Santagata, D. C., Borger, D. R., Stiles, C. D., Wang, D. L., Curry, W. T., Wen, P. Y., Ligon, K. L., Ellisen, L. W., et al. (2012) · Journal of Neuro-Oncology · doi:10.1007/s11060-012-0938-9 · Cited by 51
Self-citationKlink, B., Miletić, H., Stieber, D., Huszthy, P. C., Valenzuela, J. A. C., Balß, J., Wang, J., Schubert, M., Sakariassen, P. Ø., Sundstrøm, T., et al. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0059773 · Cited by 44
Odia, Y., Orr, B. A., Bell, W. R., Eberhart, C. G., & Rodríguez, F. J. (2013) · Journal of Neuro-Oncology · doi:10.1007/s11060-013-1221-4 · Cited by 29
Burford, A., Little, S. E., Jury, A., Popov, S., Laxton, R. C., Doey, L. J., Al‐Sarraj, S., Jürgensmeier, J. M., & Jones, C. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0071777 · Cited by 27
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Targeting Metabolism for Cancer Therapy
Luengo, A., Gui, D. Y., & Vander Heiden, M. G. (2017) · Cell Chemical Biology · doi:10.1016/j.chembiol.2017.08.028 · Cited by 971
Glioma Subclassifications and Their Clinical Significance
Chen, R., Smith-Cohn, M., Cohen, A. L., & Colman, H. (2017) · Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1007/s13311-017-0519-x · Cited by 812
IDH mutation in glioma: molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets
Han, S., Liu, Y., Cai, S. J., Qian, M., Ding, J., Larion, M., Gilbert, M. R., & Yang, C. (2020) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/s41416-020-0814-x · Cited by 701
Alternative lengthening of telomeres renders cancer cells hypersensitive to ATR inhibitors
Flynn, R. L., Cox, K. E., Jeitany, M., Wakimoto, H., Bryll, A. R., Ganem, N. J., Bersani, F., Pineda, J. R., Suvà, M. L., Benes, C. H., et al. (2015) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1257216 · Cited by 515
Self-citationThe p53 Pathway in Glioblastoma
Zhang, Y., Dube, C., Gibert, M., Cruickshanks, N., Wang, B., Coughlan, M., Yang, Y., Setiady, I., Deveau, C., Saoud, K., et al. (2018) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers10090297 · Cited by 440
Metadata
- Authors
- Wakimoto, H., Tanaka, S., Curry, W. T., Loebel, F., Zhao, D., Tateishi, K., Chen, J., Klofas, L. K., Lelic, N., Kim, J. C., Dias-Santagata, D., Ellisen, L. W., Borger, D. R., Fendt, S.-M., Vander Heiden, M. G., Batchelor, T. T., Iafrate, A. J., Cahill, D. P., & Chi, A. S.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Department of Neurosurgery; 2Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Neurology, Stephen E. and Catherine Pappas Center for Neuro-Oncology, 3Translational Research Laboratory; 4Department of Pathology; 5Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; 6Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory; 7Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; 8Vesalius Research Center, VIB and Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Corresponding author
- Cahill, Daniel P.
- Chi, Andrew S.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Clinical Cancer Research
- Published
- 2014-05-29
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 2898-2909
- ISSN
- 1078-0432 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-3265
- PMC
- PMC4070445
- OpenAlex
- W2137361994
- Cited by
- 190
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 6.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Clinical Cancer Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Lirias (KU Leuven) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- National Cancer Institute (K24CA125440, P50CA165962)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Glioma Diagnosis and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Acute Myeloid Leukemia Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer Genomics and Diagnostics
- Keywords
- IDH-mutant glioma, IDH1 mutation, CIC mutation, TP53 mutation, PIK3CA mutation, KRAS mutation, PDGFRA amplification, MET amplification, MYCN amplification, 2-hydroxyglutarate, tumor xenografts, cancer driver mutations, targeted therapy, progression-free survival, oligodendroglioma, astrocytoma
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain Neoplasms, Cell Transformation, Neoplastic, Glioma, Humans, Isocitrate Dehydrogenase, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Mutation, Oncogenes, Phenotype, In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence, Disease-Free Survival, Mice, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Heterografts
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
