Cited by 1,974Glioma Diagnosis and TreatmentEpigenetics and DNA MethylationChromatin Remodeling and Cancer

IDH1 mutation is sufficient to establish the glioma hypermethylator phenotype

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Turcan, Sevin, Rohle, Daniel, Goenka, Anuj, Walsh, Logan A., Fang, Fang, Yilmaz, Emrullah, Campos, Carl, Fabius, Armida W. M. +12 more·2012·Nature

Abstract

Both genome-wide genetic and epigenetic alterations are fundamentally important for the development of cancers, but the interdependence of these aberrations is poorly understood. Glioblastomas and other cancers with the CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) constitute a subset of tumours with extensive epigenomic aberrations and a distinct biology. Glioma CIMP (G-CIMP) is a powerful determinant of tumour pathogenicity, but the molecular basis of G-CIMP remains unresolved. Here we show that mutation of a single gene, isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1), establishes G-CIMP by remodelling the methylome. This remodelling results in reorganization of the methylome and transcriptome. Examination of the epigenome of a large set of intermediate-grade gliomas demonstrates a distinct G-CIMP phenotype that is highly dependent on the presence of IDH mutation. Introduction of mutant IDH1 into primary human astrocytes alters specific histone marks, induces extensive DNA hypermethylation, and reshapes the methylome in a fashion that mirrors the changes observed in G-CIMP-positive lower-grade gliomas. Furthermore, the epigenomic alterations resulting from mutant IDH1 activate key gene expression programs, characterize G-CIMP-positive proneural glioblastomas but not other glioblastomas, and are predictive of improved survival. Our findings demonstrate that IDH mutation is the molecular basis of CIMP in gliomas, provide a framework for understanding oncogenesis in these gliomas, and highlight the interplay between genomic and epigenomic changes in human cancers.

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  • IDH mutant gliomas show a CpG island methylator phenotype.

    “IDH mutant gliomas thus manifest a CpG island methylator phenotype (G-CIMP)10,11, though the functional significance of this altered epigenetic state remains unclear.”
  • D-2HG accumulation in cancer cells expressing mutant IDH results in hypermethylation of histones and CpG islands in DNA.

    “As a result, D-2HG accumulation in cancer cells expressing mutant IDH results in hypermethylation of histones and CpG islands in DNA (Figueroa et al., 2010; Lu et al., 2012; Turcan et al., 2012).”

    From Targeting Metabolism for Cancer Therapy (2017) · cites this paper as Turcan et al., 2012

  • Interference with TET family proteins causes the CpG island methylator phenotype.

    “Specifically, owing to the interference with TET family proteins, the mutation causes the CpG island methylator phenotype116,123.”
  • IDH-driven gliomas, leukemias, and chondrosarcomas display prominent CpG island hypermethylation reminiscent of SDH- and FH-deficient cancers.

    “Indeed, IDH-driven gliomas, leukemias and chondrosarcomas display a prominent CpG island hypermethylation, reminiscent of the hypermethylator phenotype seen in SDH- and FH-deficient cancers (Figueroa et al., 2010; Lu et al., 2013; Turcan et al., 2012).”

    From The emerging hallmarks of cancer metabolism (2016) · cites this paper as Turcan et al., 2012

  • In the cancer setting, 2-HG influences a number of biological processes, including cell differentiation, DNA methylation, and histone methylation.

    “In the cancer setting, 2-HG has been shown to influence a number of biological processes, including cell differentiation, DNA methylation, and histone methylation (79–82), leading to its classification as an oncometabolite.”

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Authors
Turcan, S., Rohle, D., Goenka, A., Walsh, L. A., Fang, F., Yilmaz, E., Campos, C., Fabius, A. W. M., Lu, C., Ward, P. S., Thompson, C. B., Kaufman, A., Guryanova, O., Levine, R., Heguy, A., Viale, A., Morris, L. G. T., Huse, J. T., Mellinghoff, I. K., & Chan, T. A.
Affiliations
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (US)
Corresponding author
  • Mellinghoff, Ingo K.
  • Chan, Timothy A.
Venue
Nature
Published
2012-02-15
Volume
483
Issue
7390
Pages
479-483
ISSN
  • 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
  • 1476-4687
OpenAlex
W1988756388
Cited by
1,974
References
44
Citations by year
2026: 90 · 2025: 92 · 2024: 104 · 2023: 100 · 2022: 136 · 2021: 148 · 2020: 140 · 2019: 142 · 2018: 169 · 2017: 144 · 2016: 163 · 2015: 154 · 2014: 153 · 2013: 152 · 2012: 83
FWCI
82.33
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Nature (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Funders
National Cancer Institute (F31CA260794, R01CA154767, U54CA143798, P30CA008748)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Genetics › Glioma Diagnosis and Treatment
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Chromatin Remodeling and Cancer
Keywords
IDH1 mutation, glioma, CpG island methylator phenotype, DNA hypermethylation, 2-hydroxyglutarate, oncometabolites, histone demethylation, methylome, astrocytes, gliomagenesis, hypoxia-inducible factor, epigenetic reprogramming
MeSH terms
Astrocytes, Cell Survival, Cells, Cultured, Gene Expression Regulation, Glioblastoma, Glioma, Histones, Humans, Isocitrate Dehydrogenase, Mutation, Phenotype, Tumor Cells, Cultured, CpG Islands, DNA Methylation, Epigenesis, Genetic, Metabolome, HEK293 Cells, Epigenomics

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