Cited by 397Nutritional Studies and DietColorectal Cancer Screening and DetectionMeat and Animal Product Quality

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 73 of the 76 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Heme Iron from Meat and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Meta-analysis and a Review of the Mechanisms Involved

Open access

Bastide, Nadia M., Pierre, Fabrice H.F., Corpet, Denis E.·2011·Cancer Prevention Research

DOI 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-10-0113

Published version of a preprint

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

Red meat and processed meat intake is associated with a risk of colorectal cancer, a major cause of death in affluent countries. Epidemiological and experimental evidence supports the hypothesis that heme iron present in meat promotes colorectal cancer. This meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies of colon cancer reporting heme intake included 566,607 individuals and 4,734 cases of colon cancer. The relative risk of colon cancer was 1.18 (95% CI: 1.06-1.32) for subjects in the highest category of heme iron intake compared with those in the lowest category. Epidemiological data thus show a suggestive association between dietary heme and risk of colon cancer. The analysis of experimental studies in rats with chemically-induced colon cancer showed that dietary hemoglobin and red meat consistently promote aberrant crypt foci, a putative precancer lesion. The mechanism is not known, but heme iron has a catalytic effect on (i) the endogenous formation of carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds and (ii) the formation of cytotoxic and genotoxic aldehydes by lipoperoxidation. A review of evidence supporting these hypotheses suggests that both pathways are involved in heme iron toxicity.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-10-0113

Cites

73 of 73 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta‐analysis
Higgins, J. P. T., & Thompson, S. G. (2002) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.1186 · Cited by 36,763
Food, nutrition, physical activity, and the prevention of cancer: a global perspective
Marmot, M. G., Atinmo, T., Byers, T., Chen, J., Hirohata, T., Jackson, A., James, W., Kolonel, L. N., Kumanyika, S., Leitzmann, C., et al. (2008) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.45-5024 · Cited by 5,368
D IETARY F LAVONOIDS : Bioavailability, Metabolic Effects, and Safety
Ross, J. A., & Kasum, C. M. (2002) · Annual Review of Nutrition · doi:10.1146/annurev.nutr.22.111401.144957 · Cited by 2,153
APC mutations occur early during colorectal tumorigenesis
Powell, S. M., Zilz, N. D., Beazer-barclay, Y. D., Bryan, T. M., Hamilton, S. R., Thibodeau, S. N., Vogelstein, B., & Kinzler, K. W. (1992) · Nature · doi:10.1038/359235a0 · Cited by 1,925
Oxyradicals and DNA damage
Marnett, L. J. (2000) · Carcinogenesis · doi:10.1093/carcin/21.3.361 · Cited by 1,922
Lipid peroxidation—DNA damage by malondialdehyde
Marnett, L. J. (1999) · Mutation research. Fundamental and molecular mechanisms of mutagenesis · doi:10.1016/s0027-5107(99)00010-x · Cited by 1,311
Role of N-nitroso compounds (NOC) and N-nitrosation in etiology of gastric, esophageal, nasopharyngeal and bladder cancer and contribution to cancer of known exposures to NOC
Mirvish, S. S. (1995) · Cancer Letters · doi:10.1016/0304-3835(95)03786-v · Cited by 916
Meat consumption and risk of colorectal cancer: A meta‐analysis of prospective studies
Larsson, S. C., & Wolk, A. (2006) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.22170 · Cited by 663
Malondialdehyde, a Product of Lipid Peroxidation, Is Mutagenic in Human Cells
Niedernhofer, L. J., Daniels, J. S., Rouzer, C. A., Greene, R. E., & Marnett, L. J. (2003) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m212549200 · Cited by 586
Meat consumption and colorectal cancer risk: Dose‐response meta‐analysis of epidemiological studies
Norat, T., Lukanova, A., Ferrari, P., & Ríboli, E. (2001) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.10126 · Cited by 510

Show all 76 references

Research works printed but not linked: 1

Nauss, 1983, Effect of alteration in the quality and quantity of dietary fat on DMH-induced colon tumorigenesis in rats, Cancer Res, 43, 4083

Sorted by citations

Items 301–397 of 397

Nutrition and Cancer
Sharifi, L. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-16073-9_13 · Cited by 2
Defining Requirements for Heme Binding in PGRMC1 and Identifying Key Elements that Influence Protein Dimerization
Badve, P., & Meier, K. K. (2024) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00718 · Cited by 2
SERS Substrates for Ultrasensitive Detection of Malachite Green Using Silver Nanostars
Saleh, H. M., El‐Brolossy, T. A., Sharaf, T., & Talaat, M. (2025) · Journal of Applied Spectroscopy · doi:10.1007/s10812-025-01859-4 · Cited by 2
Diet and colorectal cancer risk and survival
Winkels, R. M., van Duijnhoven, F. J., Heine-Bröring, R. C., & Kampman, E. (2013) · Colorectal Cancer · doi:10.2217/crc.12.76 · Cited by 2
Boswellia Serrata Suppresses Colorectal Carcinogenesis: In-vitro and In-vivo Studies
Ahmed, H. H., Hamza, A. H., El-Toumy, S. A. H., & Hassan, A. Z. (2014) · doi:10.13140/2.1.3976.5124 · Cited by 2
Are meat and meat product consumptions harmful? Their relationship with the risk of colorectal cancer and other degenerative diseases Title in Spanish: ¿Es el consumo de carne y derivados peligroso para la salud? Relación con el riesgo de cáncer colorrectal y otras enfermedades degenerativas
Celada, P., & Sánchez-Muniz, F. J. (2016) · Cited by 2
Colorectal Cancer in Women
Joshu, C. E., Giovannucci, E. L., & Platz, E. A. (2012) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-384978-6.00080-7 · Cited by 2
Analytical Tools for Assessing the Chemical Safety of Meat and Poultry
Toldrá, F., & Reig, M. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-4277-6_1 · Cited by 2
A 13-week subchronic toxicity study of heme iron in SD rats
Matsushita, K., Toyoda, T., Akane, H., Morikawa, T., & Ogawa, K. (2023) · Food and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.fct.2023.113702 · Cited by 2
Colorectal Cancer and Genetic Polymorphism in Key Regulatory Low Penetrance Genes
Banday, M. Z., Aga, S. S., & Nissar, S. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-33-6699-2_5 · Cited by 2
Regulation and legislative issues
Lalor, F., & Wall, P. G. (2016) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118350676.ch16 · Cited by 2
Dietary inclusion of cyanobacteria Arthrospira (Spirulina platensis) spp. decreases the aggravating effect of hemin from red meat in a rat colorectal carcinogenesis model
Sarmiento-Machado, L. M., Amadeu, S. O., de Moura, N. A., Azevedo, L. C., & Barbisan, L. F. (2024) · Future Foods · doi:10.1016/j.fufo.2024.100448 · Cited by 1
Dietary risk factors and cancer mortality burden from 1990 to 2021: a comparative study of China and global regions with varying sociodemographic development levels based on the Global Burden of Disease database
Zhao, C., Ruan, Q., Xiang, B., Xuehe, Z., Yang, P., & Wang, S. (2025) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2025.1628792 · Cited by 1
Case-control analysis of dietary factors and colorectal cancer risk in the Souss Massa Moroccan population
Amsdar, L., Baba, M. A., Abbaoui, S., & Soufi, M. (2025) · Discover Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12982-025-01150-z · Cited by 1
“Nevertheless, various studies have observed an inverse association between poultry consumption and the risk of developing CRC [27, 28].”
TGF-β Pathway–Based Polygenic Risk Score Modifies the Association between Red Meat Intake and Colorectal Cancer Risk: Application of a Novel Pathway-Based PRS Method
Mendez, J. S., Queme, B., Fu, Y., Morrison, J. L., Lewinger, J. P., Kawaguchi, E. S., Mi, H., Obón‐Santacana, M., Moratalla-Navarro, F., Martín, V., et al. (2026) · Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention · doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-25-1754 · Cited by 1
Low-dose chronic exposure to hemin and kynurenine enhances metabolic adaptation in a colorectal cancer cell model
Alderweireldt, E., Grootaert, C., Luca, S., Nieuwerburgh, F. V., Rajković, A., Camp, J. H. V., & Wever, O. D. (2026) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-026-43267-4 · Cited by 1
“HEM has been linked to CRC risk through its role in lipid oxidation products and N-nitroso compound (NOC) formation or by inducing cytotoxicity and genotoxicity 12,38,39 , its impact on tumor bioenergetics has remained less clear.”
Influential
The meat processing exposome in Africa: integrating traditional culinary practices, environmental co-exposures, and cancer prevention strategies
Ndebia, E. J., & Kamsu, G. T. (2026) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2026.1749287 · Cited by 1
Iron Metabolism in the Colorectal Tumor Microenvironment: From Preneoplastic Lesions to Cancer Progression
Tomoiagă, A.-V., Suciu, S., Gerdanovics, C.-A., Gerdanovics, A., Milaciu, M. V., Perné, M.-G., Alexescu, T., Ciumărnean, L., Cozma, A., Negrean, V., et al. (2026) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms27125318 · Cited by 1
“Despite substantial supporting evidence, epidemiological studies examining the association between dietary iron intake and CRC risk have yielded inconsistent results, with several methodological and biological factors accounting for these discrepancies [33–39].”
A Perspective on Nutrition and Cancer
Vieira, A. V. (2012) · Journal of Food & Nutritional Disorders · doi:10.4172/2324-9323.1000e108 · Cited by 1
“Red meats, rich in heme, have been associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer [8].”
Background
Etiology of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma and Nutrition
Kv, W. (2016) · Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Reviews · doi:10.16966/2471-8211.110 · Cited by 1
“(It is noted that these fish products were not included in the recent WHO pronouncement of ‘processed meat’ as being carcinogenic [17-20].”
Background
Rice Consumption and Hypertension
Kv, W. (2016) · Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Reviews · doi:10.16966/2471-8211.105 · Cited by 1
“The last factor is having a diet full of unhealthy processed foods (processed meats have been pronounced carcinogenic by the World Health Organization [16-20]) and not performing enough activity regularly.”
Background
Strategies to Strike Out Sugar
Kv, W. (2016) · Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Reviews · doi:10.16966/2471-8211.121 · Cited by 1
“The WHO pronounced that processed meats are carcinogenic in late October 2015 [3-7]; colorectal cancer has been linked undeniably to the consumption of processed Abstract”
Background
Effect of hemin and ascorbic acid on colonic pre-neoplastic lesions induced by azoxymethane in mice
Kim, J.-H., Kim, T.-R., Choi, H.-S., Kim, S.-J., Jeong, J., Nam, S.-Y., Yun, Y. W., & Lee, B. J. (2017) · Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine · doi:10.13041/jpvm.2017.41.4.156 · Cited by 1
Healthfulness
Holloway, J. W., & Wu, J. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-13-7856-0_4 · Cited by 1
Deciphering the involvement of iron targets in colorectal cancer: a network biology approach.
Khan, A. A., Ashraf, M. T., Aldakheel, F. M., Sayi‐Yazgan, A., & Zaidi, R. (2022) · PubMed Central · Cited by 1
Kjøttkonsum og kreftrisiko - hva sier forskningen?
Kværner, A. S., Bøhn, S. K., Henriksen, H. B., Paur, I., Ræder, H., & Blomhoff, R. (2015) · Norsk tidsskrift for ernæring · doi:10.18261/ntfe.13.4.4 · Cited by 1
Alimentation, Bacterial Metabolites, and Host Intestinal Epithelium
Blachier, F. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-26322-4_4 · Cited by 1
Short communication: mineral profiles of veal and beef meat as affected by farming system and breed combination
Bittante, G., Cecchinato, A., Tagliapietra, F., & Amalfitano, N. (2024) · Italian Journal of Animal Science · doi:10.1080/1828051x.2024.2421893 · Cited by 1
“Haeme in meat is the main source of iron in the human diet (Lombardi-Boccia et al. 2002; Buzała et al. 2015), but it is also, especially in red meats, indicated as a cause of colorectal cancer (Bastide et al. 2011; Bouvard et al. 2015).”
Iron Consumption and Colorectal Cancer in Korean Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study
Min, S., la Torre, K. D., Lee, H., Shin, W., & Kang, D. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17081309 · Cited by 1
“In contrast, heme iron, mainly found in red meats, may promote colorectal carcinogenesis by facilitating the formation of carcinogenic N -nitroso compounds and increasing lipid peroxidation [8,9,14].”
Nutrition and colorectal cancer
Morois, S., & Boutron‐Ruault, M. (2012) · Cited by 1
Cancer epidemiology
Leal, Y. A. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819828-5.00001-2 · Cited by 1
Potential chemical hazards linked to meat processing
Meurillon, M., & Engel, E. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-85125-1.00110-1 · Cited by 1
Convergent relaxation of molecular constraint in mammalian herbivores highlights the roles of liver and kidney functions in carnivoryPreprint
Pollard, M. D., Meyer, W. K., & Puckett, E. E. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.11.17.567625 · Cited by 1
“Excess heme intake causes oxidative damage, inflammation, and cell death (Chiabrando et al. 2014), and has been implicated in several diseases, including type-2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, gut dysbiosis, colitis, and cancers (Bastide et al. 2011; Hooda et al. 2014; Constante et al. 2017).”
Background
O papel da composição de ácidos graxos da dieta na lipectomia e nas doenças inflamatórias intestinais.
Coelho, D. (2013) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/t.42.2013.tde-29052014-161540
O40 Consommation de fer héminique et filiation adénome-cancer colorectal, au sein de la cohorte E3N ; étude d’interactions avec les nutriments identifiés comme protecteurs dansþdes modèles expérimentaux
Bastide, N. M., Revois, S., Nasr, A., Clavel‐Chapelon, F., & Boutron‐Ruault, M. (2013) · Nutrition Clinique et Métabolisme · doi:10.1016/s0985-0562(13)70312-1
Bunte Aspekte: Häm und seine Abbauprodukte
Ohlenschläger, O., Schiller, A., Jahns, F., & Heinemann, S. H. (2014) · Nachrichten aus der Chemie · doi:10.1002/nadc.201490042
Review on Variants in Genes Associated with Cancer Risk and Red Meat Metabolism
Samsudin, N., Ramzi, N. H., Nagaretnam, R., & Alex, L. (2013) · Journal of Nutritional Therapeutics · doi:10.6000/1929-5634.2013.02.02.8
“Calcium phosphate has the ability to precipitate heme, thus inhibiting heme-induced cytotoxicity [14].”
Influential
The Association between Hemoglobin Level and Cancer Incidence, Mortality and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Post-Menopausal Women
Grant, A. S. (2013) · UA Campus Repository (The University of Arizona)
Nitrate exposure and cancer risk : evidence from European case-control studies
Herrera, E. H., & Carminia, N. (2015) · TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa)
Redox-Active Biofactors and their Possible Metabolic Relevance
Vieira, A. V. (2012) · Journal of Metabonomics & Metabolites · doi:10.4172/2325-9736.1000e104
“This form of iron, abundant in red meats and other animal foods, has also been associated with some chronic diseases [7].”
Background
Racial disparities in nutritional factors and breast cancer risk
Chandran, U. (2013) · Rutgers University Community Repository (Rutgers University) · doi:10.7282/t3416vsm
Salt of Our Lives
Kv, W. (2016) · Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Reviews · doi:10.16966/2471-8211.114
“The World Health Organization (WHO) pronouncement that processed meats are carcinogenic is a good thing [1-5], and recommendations should be followed by people all over the world.”
Background
Iron, Cancer, and Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Signaling
Xue, X., & Shah, Y. M. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-802168-2.00017-8
0908 The role of red and processed meat in colorectal cancer development: A perspective
Smet, S. D. (2016) · Journal of Animal Science · doi:10.2527/jam2016-0908
Fast Estimation Method of Dietary Exposure to Carcinogenic Compounds in Cooked Meat for Individual Consumer Use
Kolanowski, W., & Trafiałek, J. (2015) · International Journal of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics · doi:10.15344/2456-8171/2015/102
“After eating meat, the large intestine is rich in nitrogenous residues which undergo endogenous N-nitrosation increasing the risk of carcinogens exposure [5,17].”
Background
Effect of calcium on the formation of colonic pre-neoplastic lesions induced by azoxymethane and hemin in mice
Kim, H. J., Jeong, Y. S., Seok, J., Kim, S.-J., Nam, S.-Y., Lee, B. J., & Yun, Y. W. (2018) · Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine · doi:10.13041/jpvm.2018.42.1.22
Avaliação da potencial ação anti-neoplásica de resveratrol isolado e associado a etanol na carcinogênese induzida por N-metil-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidina (MNNG) no cólon de ratos
Cesar, E. F. (2018) · doi:10.11606/d.17.2018.tde-10042018-145036
Dietary Recommendations for Cancer Prevention
Jankovic, N. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-100596-5.22538-9
O40 Consommation de fer héminique et filiation adénome-cancer colorectal, au sein de la cohorte E3N ; étude d’interactions avec les nutriments identifiés comme protecteurs dansþdes modèles expérimentaux
Bastide, N. M., Revois, S., Nasr, A., Clavel‐Chapelon, F., & Boutron‐Ruault, M. (2013) · Cahiers de Nutrition et de Diététique · doi:10.1016/s0007-9960(13)70338-9
The Hippies Were Right: Diet and Cancer Risk
Stubbins, R., & Bernicker, E. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-05855-5_9
Effect of hemin and zinc on experimental colon carcinogenesis in mice
Choi, H.-S., Kim, J., Nam, S.-Y., Yun, Y. W., Jeong, J., & Lee, B. J. (2019) · Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine · doi:10.13041/jpvm.2019.43.1.6
The Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour, Functional Status, and Quality of Life of Colorectal Cancer patients within Six Months after Curative Treatment
Cabilan, C. J. (1905) · Queensland University of Technology · doi:10.5204/thesis.eprints.128073
Rôles et intérêt des nitrites dans la charcuterie
Nassy, G. (2020) · Pratiques en nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.pranut.2019.12.008
The Role of Synbiotics in Alleviating Oxidative Stress in Colorectal Cancer
Gulati, M., Singh, S. K., & Singh, A. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-15-1568-2_6
Phenolic compunds and antioxidant capacity of açaí pulp ("Euterpe oleracea" Mart.)
da Silveira, T. F. F. (2017) · doi:10.47749/t/unicamp.2017.983969
Xenobiotic metabolism(s) in carcinogenesis
Srivastava, A. K., Kumar, D., Singh, D. R., & Singh, R. K. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-90560-2.00012-1
Temperature of Food and Drink Intake Matters
Wong, K. V. (2016) · Journal of Energy Resources Technology · doi:10.1115/1.4034290
Cancer Prevention
Johnson, I. T. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.00239-7 · Cited by 1
Bak kostrådene: Kjøttets naturlige plass i kosthol det - ikke for mye og ikke for lite
Thorkildsen, T. (2013) · Norsk tidsskrift for ernæring · doi:10.18261/ntfe.11.3.3
Perfil sociodemográfico, clínico, de estilo de vida e de consumo alimentar de uma população cardiopata (Estudo DICA Br): uma investigação baseada em machine learning
Chaves, L. O. (2021) · doi:10.47328/ufvbbt.2021.080
Data from Heme Iron Intake, Dietary Antioxidant Capacity, and Risk of Colorectal Adenomas in a Large Cohort Study of French Women
Bastide, N. M., Morois, S., Cadeau, C., Kangas, S. T., Serafini, M., Gusto, G., Dossus, L., Pierre, F. H. F., Clavel‐Chapelon, F., & Boutron‐Ruault, M. (2023) · doi:10.1158/1055-9965.c.6515569
Data from Heme Iron Intake, Dietary Antioxidant Capacity, and Risk of Colorectal Adenomas in a Large Cohort Study of French Women
Bastide, N. M., Morois, S., Cadeau, C., Kangas, S. T., Serafini, M., Gusto, G., Dossus, L., Pierre, F. H. F., Clavel‐Chapelon, F., & Boutron‐Ruault, M. (2023) · doi:10.1158/1055-9965.c.6515569.v1
Proteínas de origem animal: propriedades fisiológico-funcionais
Sgarbieri, V. C. (2020) · Editora da Unicamp eBooks · doi:10.7476/9788526815933.0007
High-Iron Diet Accelerates DSS-Induced Colitis and Promotes AOM/DSS-Induced Colon Carcinogenesis in Mice by Activating Ferroptosis-Mediated NF-κB/IL6-STAT3 Signaling PathwayPreprint
Qi, Q., Chen, H., Cen, W., Fang, D., Shi, X., Jiang, X., Ye, L., Jiang, L., & Sun, X. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4658837
Investigation and description of the New Brain and New Mind hypotheses
Klinedinst, B. S. (2021) · doi:10.31274/td-20240329-457
Microbiota and other detrimental metabolites in colorectal cancer
González, A., Fullaondo, A., Odriozola, I., & Odriozola, A. (2024) · Advances in genetics · doi:10.1016/bs.adgen.2024.08.006
A comparative analysis of heme vs non-heme iron administration: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trialsPreprint
Ruelas, M. G., Alvarado‐Gamarra, G., Aramburú, A., Dolores-Maldonado, G. K., Rodríguez, K. C., Rojas-Limache, G., Díaz-Parra, C. D. P., & Lanata, C. F. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-5537778/v1
Diet and Colorectal Cancer: Updates for the Practicing Clinician
Yosief, S., & Kieber‐Emmons, A. (2025) · Current Treatment Options in Gastroenterology · doi:10.1007/s11938-025-00474-8
“Carcinogenic mechanisms of meats include nitrates and nitrites not from natural sources, which are used as pre-servatives, forming carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds [117].”
Structural and functional parameters of erythrocytes as predictors of unfavorable outcome in patients with colorectal cancer
Кручинина, М. В., Осипенко, М. Ф., Gromov, A. A., & Starikov, A. V. (2025) · Terapevticheskii arkhiv · doi:10.26442/00403660.2025.08.203336
“Эпидемиологические и экспериментальные исследо-вания установили, что гемовое железо вызывает прогрес-сирование КРР, способствуя образованию канцерогенных N-нитрозосоединений и продуцируя цитотоксические и генотоксические альдегиды посредством перекисного окисления липидов [80, 81].”
Pre‐ and post‐diagnostic meat intake in relation to risk of recurrence and mortality among individuals with stage I– III colorectal cancer
van Lanen, A., Kok, D. E. G., Wesselink, E., Derksen, J. W. G., May, A. M., Smit, K. C., Koopman, M., de Wilt, J. H. W., Kampman, E., van Duijnhoven, F. J. B., et al. (2025) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.70113
“…be hypothesised that substitution of processed meat and unprocessed red meat with poultry leads to a lower heme iron intake, which could lead to a reduced stimulation of the endogenous production of carcinogenic N - nitroso compounds, 1,9 and reduced damage by heme to colonic epithelial cells.”
Emerging roles of heme oxygenase 2 (HO-2) in cancer: Implications for diagnosis and therapy
Ramos, S., Jeong, S., Lee, Y., & Kim, J.-J. (2025) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2025.168057
The Impact of Plant-Based Diets on Mental Health (Vegetarian Diet)
Allam, S., Khafaga, D. S. R., ElSherefy, S. S., Elgarawany, A., Elainein, M. A. A., & Lasheen, N. N. (2025) · Nutritional neurosciences · doi:10.1007/978-981-95-1983-5_5
Determinants of iron, zinc, and copper concentrations in the hair of dogs and cats
Badea, E., GORAN, G. V., & Ţoca, C. (2026) · Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jtemb.2026.127826
Caractérisation de l'influence de facteurs environnementaux sur l'écologie microbienne du jambon cuit tranché.
Zagdoun, M. (2020) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/3a4dd764ze7d1z4c74zaa58z7527bb36b626
A metabolomic exploration of processed meat intake : dietary biomarkers and metabolic effects
Wedekind, R. (2020) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/9feb21c7z42f5z4b13z84edz05b650b15f0f
Effet de l'anxiété sur l'association entre viande rouge et risque de cancer colorectal : une approche multidisciplinaire
Beslay, M. (2021) · doi:10.70675/eafbf32ez9fb1z4fb1z922fzff1b627a8105
Évaluation des risques et bénéfices associés à la consommation de la viande rouge en France : approches méthodologiques
Mota, J. D. O. (2020) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/83d60308z5af5z4077zb799ze79efe7dfdc7
Procédé innovant de stabilisation du jambon cuit combinant hautes pressions et biopréservation
Rakotondramavo, A. (2019) · doi:10.70675/eaa0d5d2z3cb1z4e48z8418zb73c003adbd3
Utilisation de l'approche métabolomique sans a priori des métabolites urinaires issus de composés électrophiles pour comprendre la relation viande rouge et cancer colorectal
Mervant, L. (2022) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/9cbcdc27ze21cz40bfz91aazba713cad5b1a
Exposition aux produits de peroxydation lipidique induits par l'apport nutritionnel de fer héminique des viandes : conséquences sur l'homéostasie intestinale et la susceptibilité aux maladies chroniques chez l'adulte et sa descendance
Mazenc, A. (2022) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/993fac83z1efdz4dd2z8639z1373d18cf659
Détermination des mécanismes impliqués dans la capacité antinitrosante de composés phénoliques. Des extraits végétaux comme solutions pour maîtriser la formation des N-nitrosamines lors de la fabrication et de la digestion de charcuteries
Sirvins, C. (2024) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/578552b1z332ez4b45za97dz5a97925cb761
Red Meat in Human Evolution, Health, and Disease: From A Blessing to A Curse?
Jaco, J., Banda, K., Varki, A. P., & Gagneux, P. (2026) · The Quarterly Review of Biology · doi:10.1086/741185 · Cited by 1
Iron intake and cancer risk: an umbrella review with causal methods audit
Vera-Ponce, V. J., Ballena-Caicedo, J., Valladolid-Sandoval, L. A. M., & Zuzunaga-Montoya, F. E. (2026) · Precision Nutrition · doi:10.1097/pn9.0000000000000141
Ecological analysis of the association between dietary factors and thyroid carcinoma incidence based on GBD 2021 data
Chen, K., Yanting, D. U. A. N., & Xu, J. (2026) · Journal of Zhejiang University (Medical Sciences) · doi:10.3724/zdxbyxb-2025-0819
Characterization of human isogenic epithelial cell lines as a relevant tool to study colon carcinogenesis and interactions between genes and environment
Tête, A., Tête, A., Mentec, H. L., Poupin, N., Gallais, I., Tournadre, N., Lippi, Y., Mathevet, F., Lefort, G., Lavau, C., et al. (2026) · Food and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.fct.2026.116228
Association of Dietary Animal and Plant Protein Composition with All-Cause Mortality: 24-Year Population-Based Cohort Study
Prinelli, F., & Russo, A. G. (2026) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu18122035
“…dietary patterns, animal proteins, particularly when derived from red and processed meat, co-occur with harmful components with pro-oxidant and carcinogenic activities (e.g., N -nitroso compounds) [36,37] and that have been linked to increased risks of coronary heart disease, cancer, and mortality.”
Plant-based Dietary Patterns
Winckler, M., & Slywitch, E. (2026) · Royal Society of Chemistry eBooks · doi:10.1039/9781837678907-00042
Protein digestibility and iron bioaccessibility of plant-based meat analogues
Lubaale, J., McClure, D. D., Kanyuck, K. M., Sulaiman, N. L., Zhang, W., & Stojceska, V. (2026) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2026.150487
Heme iron intake and the risk of colorectal cancer: a prospective analysis of the modifying role of calcium
Shi, W., Wang, P., & Giovannucci, E. L. (2026) · Cancer Causes & Control · doi:10.1007/s10552-026-02195-4
“Dietary factors, such as higher intake of red and processed meats are established risk factors of CRC [4–9].”
Influential
Associations between dietary factors and morbidity burden in occupational radiation workers: a cross-sectional study in Guangzhou, China
Huang, H.-B., Zhang, Y., Su, Y.-W., Hou, S.-F., Wang, Q.-Q., Tang, S.-Q., Rao, P., Wang, Z., & Wang, J. Y. (2026) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2026.1808021
“Mechanistically, heme iron, saturated fats, and advanced glycation end-products in red meat promote oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and systemic inflammation—pathways that may synergize with radiation-induced metabolic dysregulation (28, 30).”
AI-Guided Ferroptosis Biomarker Discovery and Routine Laboratory–Based Machine Learning for Predicting Nodal Metastasis in Colon Cancer
Beşli, N., Aktokmakyan, T. V., Koyuncu, A., Johnson, B. S., & Kılıç, Ü. (2026) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo16080557
“The biological plausibility of a ferroptosis–CRC link extends beyond generic cancer biology: the colonic mucosa is chronically exposed to unabsorbed dietary heme iron, which catalyzes luminal lipid peroxidation and generates localized ferroptotic stress [44].”
Dietary Reactive Oxygen Species and Oxidative Stress: Pathogenic Mechanisms Linking Food and Feed Exposure to Disease in Humans and Companion Animals
Park, H.-J., & Kim, H.-M. (2026) · Biology · doi:10.3390/biology15171519
Integrating polygenic and machine learning–derived nutrient risk scores for colorectal cancer risk stratification: Evidence from Korean adults
Dam, V. A. T., Gunathilake, M. N., Lee, J., Oh, J. H., Chang, H. J., Sohn, D. K., Shin, A., & Kim, J. (2026) · Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.2188/jea.je20260064
Spatiotemporal co-occurrence patterns and related risk factors of esophageal and lip and oral cavity cancers among older adults across 203 countries and territories: a machine learning-driven systematic analysis
Zheng, M., Zhang, C., Yang, B., Lin, C., Zhu, C., Chen, Y., & Wan, Q. (2026) · Annals of Medicine · doi:10.1080/07853890.2026.2721134
“Iron deficiency can lead to epithelial atrophy and may increase mucosal susceptibility to exogenous carcinogens [36], whereas high red meat intake may contribute through the endogenous formation of N -nitroso compounds and heme-induced oxidative stress [37,38].”
From genomic instability to epigenetic regulation: the role of DNA repair gene variants and non-coding RNAs in colorectal carcinogenesis
Alsubeeh, K., Yaltir, A., Yalın, A. E., Ünal, N., & Yalın, S. (2026) · Nucleosides Nucleotides & Nucleic Acids · doi:10.1080/15257770.2026.2735915
Dietary exposures, microbial ecology and carcinogenesis: An integrated review
Kang, X., Soh, W. S., & Wong, S. H. (2026) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/j.bpg.2026.102155
Effect of beef from grass or maize silage- and concentrate-fed cattle on lipid metabolism and antioxidative status of rats
Łozicki, A., & Dymnicka, M. (2014) · Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences · doi:10.22358/jafs/65715/2014
“MDA concentration increase during oxidative stress; moreover, MDA may bind DNA and promote mutagenesis and cancerogenesis (Marnett, 1999; Bastide et al., 2011).”
Background

Authors: Bastide, N. M., Pierre, F. H. F., & Corpet, D. E.
Affiliations: École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (FR)
Corresponding author: Pierre, Fabrice H.F.
ORCID: Pierre, Fabrice H.F.
Corpet, Denis E.
Venue: Cancer Prevention Research
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Published: 2011-02-01
Volume: 4
Issue: 2
Pages: 177-184
ISSN: 1940-6207 (ISSN-L)
1940-6215
DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-10-0113
OpenAlex: W2106489922
Cited by: 397
References: 76
Citations by year: 2026: 22 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 45 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 31 · 2012: 19
FWCI: 3.97
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Cancer Prevention Research (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Colorectal Cancer Screening and Detection
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Meat and Animal Product Quality
Keywords: heme iron, red meat, processed meat, colorectal cancer, colon cancer, aberrant crypt foci, N-nitroso compounds, lipid peroxidation, aldehydes, carcinogenesis mechanisms, hemoglobin
MeSH terms: Animals, Heme, Humans, Meat Products, Review Literature as Topic, Colorectal Neoplasms, Iron, Dietary, Rats

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Heme Iron from Meat and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Meta-analysis and a Review of the Mechanisms Involved

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks