Cancer and the Metaorganism
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Summary: Pathogenic shifts in the gut microbiota are part of the “ecological” alterations that accompany tumor progression and compromise immunosurveillance. The future management of health and disease including cancer will rely on the diagnosis of such shifts and their therapeutic correction by general or personalized strategies, hence restoring metaorganismal homeostasis.
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A central distinction between eubiosis and dysbiosis is the level of ecological diversity: eubiotic individuals typically harbor a richly diverse and stable microbial ecosystem, whereas dysbiosis is often marked by reduced diversity and compositional instability.
“Indeed, a central distinction between eubiosis and dysbiosis is the level of ecological diversity: eubiotic individuals typically harbor a richly diverse and stable microbial ecosystem, whereas dysbiosis is often marked by reduced diversity and compositional instability.162”
From Gut dysbiosis in oncology: a risk factor for immunoresistance (2026) · cites this paper as [162]
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Environmental factors shaping the gut microbiome in a Dutch population
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Self-citationMeta-hallmarks of aging and cancer
López-Otín, C., Pietrocola, F., Roiz-Valle, D., Galluzzi, L., & Kroemer, G. (2023) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2022.11.001 · Cited by 529 · see citing works
Self-citationFecal microbiota transplantation plus anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in advanced melanoma: a phase I trial
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Self-citationTargeting the gut and tumor microbiota in cancer
Park, E. M., Chelvanambi, M., Bhutiani, N., Kroemer, G., Zitvogel, L., & Wargo, J. A. (2022) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-022-01779-2 · Cited by 496 · see citing works
Self-citationMicrobiota succession throughout life from the cradle to the grave
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A microbiota-modulated checkpoint directs immunosuppressive intestinal T cells into cancers
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Self-citationMicrobiota-Centered Interventions: The Next Breakthrough in Immuno-Oncology?
Derosa, L., Routy, B., Desilets, A., Daillère, R., Terrisse, S., Kroemer, G., & Zitvogel, L. (2021) · Cancer Discovery · doi:10.1158/2159-8290.cd-21-0236 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Self-citationGut OncoMicrobiome Signatures (GOMS) as next-generation biomarkers for cancer immunotherapy
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Self-citationYonekura, S., Terrisse, S., Alves Costa Silva, C., Lafarge, A., Iebba, V., Ferrere, G., Goubet, A.-G., Fahrner, J.-E., Lahmar, I., Ueda, K., et al. (2022) · Cancer Discovery · doi:10.1158/2159-8290.cd-21-0999 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Self-citationFriendly-user score assessing gut dysbiosis and resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI).
Derosa, L., Silva, C. A. C., Iebba, V., Routy, B., Reni, A., Audigier-Valette, C., Zalcman, G., Mazières, J., Friard, S., Goldwasser, F., et al. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2023.41.16_suppl.103 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
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Gut dysbiosis in oncology: a risk factor for immunoresistance
(2026) · doi:10.1038/s41422-025-01212-6 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationMicrobiota-centered interventions to boost immune checkpoint blockade therapies
Almonte, A. A., Thomas, S., & Zitvogel, L. (2025) · Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20250378 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Zitvogel, L., & Kroemer, G.
- Affiliations
- Inserm (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Zitvogel, Laurence
- Kroemer, Guido
- Venue
- Cancer Discovery
- Published
- 2024-04-04
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 658-662
- ISSN
- 2159-8274 (ISSN-L)
- 2159-8290
- OpenAlex
- W4393943469
- Cited by
- 2
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1
- FWCI
- 0.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Cancer Discovery (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer
- Seerave Foundation
- Equipex
- European Commission (101095604, HORIZON2020, ERC-2021-ADG)
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-21-ESRE-0028, ANR-23-RHUS-0010, ANR-23-CE44-0030, ANR18, ANR-21-RHUS-0017, ANR-23-R4HC-0006, ANR-18-IDEX-0001, ANR-22-CE14-0066)
- Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale
- Ligue Contre le Cancer
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (UMS3655)
- Institut Universitaire de France (ANR-18-IDEX-0001)
- Institut National Du Cancer
- Cancéropôle Ile de France
- European Organisation for Rare Diseases
- Université de Paris (ANR-18- IDEX-0001, 18-IDEX-0001)
- Labex Immuno-Oncology ((ANR-18-IDEX-0001))
- HORIZON EUROPE European Research Council (101052444)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, metaorganism, cancer, tumor progression, immune surveillance, ecological change, personalized treatment, microbiota-based therapy
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Homeostasis, Humans, Neoplasms
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