The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Three-Dimensional Spheroid Model in Tumor Biology
Abstract
It is becoming more and more apparent that monolayer cultures of tumor cells cannot completely represent the characteristics of three-dimensional solid tumors. Consequently, the multicellular tumor spheroid model, which is of intermediate complexity between in vivo tumors and monolayer cultures, was developed. In this review, the major similarities between spheroids and solid tumors are discussed. After a brief survey of the different spheroid culturing techniques, the general morphological and growth characteristics of these systems are examined and compared to solid tumors. Finally, selected studies regarding the use of tumor spheroids to examine cell response to antineoplastic agents and radiation, cell death including both necrosis and apoptosis and cell adhesion in spheroids are reviewed.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Cell and environment interactions in tumor microregions: the multicell spheroid model.
Sutherland, R. M. (1988) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.2451290 · Cited by 1,803
Cited by
Spheroid-based drug screen: Considerations and practical approach
Friedrich, J., Seidel, C., Ebner, R., & Kunz-Schughart, L. A. (2009) · Nature Protocols · doi:10.1038/nprot.2008.226 · Cited by 1,742
Opportunities and challenges for use of tumor spheroids as models to test drug delivery and efficacy
Mehta, G., Hsiao, A. Y., Ingram, M., Luker, G. D., & Takayama, S. (2012) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.04.045 · Cited by 1,172
The use of 3-d cultures for high-throughput screening: the multicellular spheroid model.
Kunz-Schughart, L. A., Freyer, J. P., Hofstaedter, F., & Ebner, R. (2004) · SLAS DISCOVERY · doi:10.1177/1087057104265040 · Cited by 797
Pasquier, J., Guerrouahen, B. S., Al Thawadi, H., Ghiabi, P., Maleki, M., Abu-Kaoud, N., Jacob, A., Mirshahi, M., Galas, L., Rafii, S., et al. (2013) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/1479-5876-11-94 · Cited by 502
A single-cell-based model of tumor growth in vitro: monolayers and spheroids
Drasdo, D., & Höhme, S. (2005) · Physical Biology · doi:10.1088/1478-3975/2/3/001 · Cited by 421
Metadata
- Authors
- Santini, M. T., & Rainaldi, G.
- Venue
- Pathobiology
- Publisher
- S. Karger AG
- Published
- 1999
- Volume
- 67
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 148-157
- ISSN
- 1015-2008 (ISSN-L)
- 1423-0291
- OpenAlex
- W2007466881
- Cited by
- 265
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 2.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Three-Dimensional Spheroid Model in Tumor Biology. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1159/000028065
- The paper
- Santini, M. T., & Rainaldi, G. (1999). Three-Dimensional Spheroid Model in Tumor Biology. Pathobiology. https://doi.org/10.1159/000028065
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.