The DOI matches its Crossref record; 9 of the 9 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Activation of the Inflammatory Response System in Autism
Abstract
Background/Aim: There is now some evidence that autism may be accompanied by abnormalities in the inflammatory response system (IRS). Products of the IRS, such as proinflammatory cytokines, may induce some of the behavioral symptoms of autism, such as social withdrawal, resistance to novelty and sleep disturbances. The main aim of the present study was to examine whether autism is accompanied by an activation of the IRS. Methods: We measured the production of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, the IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α by whole blood and the serum concentrations of IL-6, the IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) and IL-1RA. Results: This study showed a significantly increased production of IFN-γ and IL-1RA and a trend toward a significantly increased production of IL-6 and TNF-α by whole blood of autistic children. There were no significant differences in the serum concentrations of IL-6, IL-2R and IL-1RA between autistic and normal children. Conclusions: These results suggest that autism may be accompanied by an activation of the monocytic (increased IL-1RA) and Th-1-like (increased IFN-γ) arm of the IRS. It is hypothesized that increased production of proinflammatory cytokines could play a role in the pathophysiology of autism.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Maes, M., Meltzer, H. Y., Bosmans, E., Bergmans, R., Vandoolaeghe, E., Ranjan, R., & Desnyder, R. (1995) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/0165-0327(95)00028-l · Cited by 622
Self-citationAutism in children with congenital rubella
Chess, S. (1971) · Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia · doi:10.1007/bf01537741 · Cited by 457
Circulating autoantibodies to neuronal and glial filament proteins in autism
Singh, V. K., Warren, R., Averett, R., & Ghaziuddin, M. (1997) · Pediatric Neurology · doi:10.1016/s0887-8994(97)00045-3 · Cited by 234
Immune abnormalities in patients with autism
Warren, R. P., Margaretten, N. C., Pace, N. C., & Foster, A. (1986) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf01531729 · Cited by 207
Depressed lymphocyte responsiveness in autistic children
Stubbs, E. G., Crawford, M. L., Burger, D. R., & Vandenbark, A. A. (1977) · Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia · doi:10.1007/bf01531114 · Cited by 202
Reduced Natural Killer Cell Activity in Autism
WARREN, R. P., FOSTER, A., & MARGARETTEN, N. C. (1987) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-198705000-00008 · Cited by 190
Strong association of the third hypervariable region of HLA-DRβ1 with autism
Warren, R. P., Odell, J. D., Warren, W. L., Burger, R. A., Maciulis, A., Daniels, W. W., & Torres, A. R. (1996) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/0165-5728(96)00052-5 · Cited by 130
Lymphocyte Function in Autism and Rett Syndrome
Plioplys, A. V., Greaves, A., Kazemi, K., & Silverman, E. (2008) · Neuropsychobiology · doi:10.1159/000119056 · Cited by 112
Increased frequency of the null allele at the complement C4b locus in autism
WARREN, R. P., SINGH, V. K., COLE, P., ODELL, J. D., PINGREE, C. B., WARREN, W. L., & WHITE, E. (2008) · Clinical and Experimental Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.1991.tb05657.x · Cited by 109
Cited by
Ashwood, P., Krakowiak, P., Hertz-Picciotto, I., Hansen, R., Pessah, I., & Van de Water, J. (2011) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2010.08.003 · Cited by 940
Buie, T., Campbell, D. B., Fuchs, G. J., Furuta, G. T., Levy, J., VandeWater, J., Whitaker, A. H., Atkins, D., Bauman, M. L., Beaudet, A. L., et al. (2010) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2009-1878c · Cited by 872
Elevated immune response in the brain of autistic patients
Li, X., Chauhan, A., Sheikh, A. M., Patil, S., Chauhan, V., Li, X.-M., Ji, L., Brown, T., & Malik, M. (2009) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2008.12.002 · Cited by 786
Chauhan, A., & Chauhan, V. (2006) · Pathophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.pathophys.2006.05.007 · Cited by 656
The Role of the Immune System in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Meltzer, A., & Van de Water, J. (2017) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2016.158 · Cited by 533
Metadata
- Authors
- Croonenberghs, J., Bosmans, E., Deboutte, D., Kenis, G., & Maes, M.
- Venue
- Neuropsychobiology
- Publisher
- S. Karger AG
- Published
- 2002
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-6
- ISSN
- 0302-282X (ISSN-L)
- 1423-0224
- OpenAlex
- W1976872662
- Cited by
- 322
- References
- 9
- FWCI
- 3.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Activation of the Inflammatory Response System in Autism. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1159/000048665
- The paper
- Croonenberghs, J., Bosmans, E., Deboutte, D., Kenis, G., & Maes, M. (2002). Activation of the Inflammatory Response System in Autism. Neuropsychobiology. https://doi.org/10.1159/000048665
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
