Brain Size Scaling and Body Composition in Mammals

Schoenemann, P. Thomas

doi:10.1159/000073759

Cited by 67Physiological and biochemical adaptationsEvolution and Paleontology StudiesPrimate Behavior and Ecology

Brain Size Scaling and Body Composition in Mammals

Schoenemann, P. Thomas·2004·Brain, Behavior and Evolution

DOI 10.1159/000073759

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Abstract

Brain size scales with body size across large groups of animals, but exactly why this should be the case has not been resolved. It is generally assumed that body size is a general proxy for some more important or specific underlying variable, such as metabolic resources available, surface area of the body, or total muscle mass (which is more extensively innervated than is, e.g., adipose tissue). The present study tests whether brain size in mammals scales more closely with muscle mass (and other components of lean body mass) than with total fat. Felsenstein’s independent comparisons method was used to control for phylogenetic effects on body composition in organ weight data taken from a previously published comparative sample of 39 species in 8 different orders of mammals, all collected and processed by the same researchers. The analysis shows that the size of the central nervous system (CNS) is more closely associated with components of fat-free weight than it is to fat weight. These results suggest a possible explanation for why metabolic resources and brain size both share the same general relationship with body size across mammals. They also suggest that some measure of lean body mass is a more appropriate scaling parameter for comparing brain size across species than is overall body weight.

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The 2-point slope will be biased when the sexes differ in body composition, in which case body mass is not a good estimate of actual lean body size.
“This 2-point slope will be biased when the sexes differ in body composition, in which case body mass is not a good estimate of actual (lean) body size [Schoenemann, 2004].”
From A Farewell to the Encephalization Quotient: A New Brain Size Measure for Comparative Primate Cognition (2021) · cites this paper as Schoenemann, 2004
Brain size and encephalization of humans and Neanderthals is similar.
“while the brain size and encephalization of humans and Neanderthals is similar9,13,14.”
From A catalog of single nucleotide changes distinguishing modern humans from archaic hominins (2019) · cites this paper as [14]

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Authors: Schoenemann, P. T.
Affiliations: University of Pennsylvania (US)
Corresponding author: Schoenemann, P. Thomas
ORCID: Schoenemann, P. Thomas
Venue: Brain, Behavior and Evolution
Publisher: S. Karger AG
Published: 2003-12-19
Volume: 63
Issue: 1
Pages: 47-60
ISSN: 0006-8977 (ISSN-L)
1421-9743
DOI: 10.1159/000073759
OpenAlex: W2116238980
Cited by: 67
References: 42
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 3
FWCI: 4.14
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.karger.com/Services/SiteLicenses (vor)
www.karger.com/Services/SiteLicenses (tdm)
Locations: Brain Behavior and Evolution (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Physiological and biochemical adaptations
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Evolution and Paleontology Studies
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Primate Behavior and Ecology
Keywords: brain size, body size scaling, body composition, muscle mass, fat mass, lean body mass, central nervous system, phylogenetic control, comparative anatomy, mammals
MeSH terms: Animals, Body Composition, Body Weight, Brain, Mammals, Models, Biological, Organ Size, Phylogeny, Species Specificity, Statistics as Topic

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Brain Size Scaling and Body Composition in Mammals

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