CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 338Sleep and Wakefulness ResearchCircadian rhythm and melatoninSleep and Work-Related Fatigue

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 47 of the 47 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

IL-6 and Its Circadian Secretion in Humans

Vgontzas, A.N., Bixler, E.O., Lin, H.-M., Prolo, P., Trakada, G., Chrousos, G.P.·2005·Neuroimmunomodulation
DOI 10.1159/000084844
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine produced by numerous types of immune and nonimmune cells and is involved in many pathophysiologic mechanisms in humans. Many studies suggest that IL-6 is a putative ‘sleep factor’ and its circadian secretion correlates with sleep/sleepiness. IL-6 is elevated in disorders of excessive daytime sleepiness such as narcolepsy and obstructive sleep apnea. It correlates positively with body mass index and may be a mediator of sleepiness in obesity. Also the secretion of this cytokine is stimulated by total acute or partial short-term sleep loss reflecting the increased sleepiness experienced by sleep-deprived individuals. Studies that evaluated the 24-hour secretory pattern of IL-6 in healthy young adults suggest that IL-6 is secreted in a biphasic circadian pattern with two nadirs at about 08.00 and 21.00, and two zeniths at about 19.00 and 05.00 h. In contrast, following sleep deprivation or in disorders of sleep disturbance, e.g., insomnia, IL-6 peaks during the day and, based on the level of stress system activity, i.e., cortisol secretion, contributes to either sleepiness and deep sleep (low cortisol) or feelings of tiredness and fatigue and poor sleep (high cortisol). In order to address concerns about the potential impact of differences of IL-6 levels between the beginning and the end of the 24-hour blood-drawing experiment, we proceeded with a cosinor analysis of ‘detrended’ data in young and old healthy individuals. This new analysis did not affect the biphasic circadian pattern of IL-6 secretion in young adults, while it augmented the flattened circadian pattern in old individuals in whom the difference was greater. Finally, IL-6 appears to be somnogenic in rats and exhibits a diurnal rhythm that follows the sleep/wake cycle in these animals. We conclude that IL-6 is a mediator of sleepiness and its circadian pattern reflects the homeostatic drive for sleep.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1159/000084844

Cites

47 of 47 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Citations

Cites

Show all 47 references

Research works printed but not linked: 11

  1. 10.1210%2Fjc.77.6.1690 · DOI · Paper page
  2. 10.1210%2Fjc.81.6.2303 · DOI
  3. 10.1210%2Fjc.82.5.1313 · DOI · Paper page
  4. 10.1210%2Fjc.85.3.1331 · DOI
  5. 10.1210%2Fjc.82.12.4196 · DOI · Paper page
  6. 10.1210%2Fjc.84.6.2126 · DOI
  7. 10.1210%2Fen.137.12.5250 · DOI · Paper page
  8. 10.1210%2Fjc.85.3.1151 · DOI
  9. 10.1210%2Fjc.84.8.2603 · DOI · Paper page
  10. 10.1210%2Fjc.86.8.3787 · DOI · Paper page
  11. 10.1210%2Fjc.85.10.3597 · DOI

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Items 301–334 of 334

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Vgontzas, A. N., Bixler, E. O., Lin, H.-M., Prolo, P., Trakada, G., & Chrousos, G. P.
Affiliations
  • Pennsylvania State University (US)
  • University of California, Los Angeles (US)
  • National Institutes of Health (US)
ORCID
Venue
Neuroimmunomodulation
Publisher
S. Karger AG
Published
2005
Volume
12
Issue
3
Pages
131-140
ISSN
  • 1021-7401 (ISSN-L)
  • 1423-0216
DOI
10.1159/000084844
OpenAlex
W1970138464
Cited by
338
References
47
Citations by year
2026: 9 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 20
FWCI
1.96
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
Locations
  • NeuroImmunoModulation (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
Keywords
interleukin-6, circadian rhythm, sleepiness, sleep deprivation, narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnea, obesity, insomnia, cortisol, aging, cosinor analysis, sleep homeostasis, rats
MeSH terms
Aging, Animals, Circadian Rhythm, Homeostasis, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Sleep, Sleep Wake Disorders, Species Specificity, Interleukin-6, Up-Regulation

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review