Glucocorticoids for Human Skin: New Aspects of the Mechanism of Action

Molecular basis of agonism and antagonism in the oestrogen receptor

Brzozowski, A. M., Pike, A. C. W., Dauter, Z., Hubbard, R. E., Bonn, T., Engström, O., Öhman, L., Greene, G. L., Gustafsson, J.-Å., & Carlquist, M. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/39645 · Cited by 3,355 · see citing works

Structure of the ligand‐binding domain of oestrogen receptor beta in the presence of a partial agonist and a full antagonist

Pike, A. C. W., Brzozowski, A. M., Hubbard, R. E., Bonn, T., Thorsell, A., Engström, O., Ljunggren, J., Gustafsson, J., & Carlquist, M. (1999) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1093/emboj/18.17.4608 · Cited by 987 · see citing works

Multiple Actions of Steroid Hormones—A Focus on Rapid, Nongenomic Effects

Falkenstein, E., Tillmann, H.-C., Christ, M., Feuring, M., & Wehling, M. (2000) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0031-6997(24)01468-6 · Cited by 986 · see citing works

The Interplay between the Glucocorticoid Receptor and Nuclear Factor-κB or Activator Protein-1: Molecular Mechanisms for Gene Repression

De Bosscher, K., Vanden Berghe, W., & Haegeman, G. (2003) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2002-0006 · Cited by 898 · see citing works

Crystal Structure of the Glucocorticoid Receptor Ligand Binding Domain Reveals a Novel Mode of Receptor Dimerization and Coactivator Recognition

Bledsoe, R. K., Montana, V. G., Stanley, T. B., Delves, C. J., Apolito, C. J., McKee, D. D., Consler, T. G., Parks, D. J., Stewart, E. L., Willson, T. M., et al. (2002) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(02)00817-6 · Cited by 818 · see citing works

Glucocorticoid receptor beta, a potential endogenous inhibitor of glucocorticoid action in humans

Bamberger, C. M., Bamberger, A. M., de Castro, M., & Chrousos, G. P. (1995) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci117943 · Cited by 642 · see citing works

The Human Glucocorticoid Receptor β Isoform

Oakley, R. H., Sar, M., & Cidlowski, J. A. (1996) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.271.16.9550 · Cited by 562 · see citing works

A distinct modulating domain in glucocorticoid receptor monomers in the repression of activity of the transcription factor AP‐1.

Heck, S., Kullmann, M. K., Gast, A., Ponta, H., Rahmsdorf, H. J., Herrlich, P. A., & Cato, A. C. B. (1994) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1994.tb06726.x · Cited by 516 · see citing works

Proinflammatory cytokines regulate human glucocorticoid receptor gene expression and lead to the accumulation of the dominant negative β isoform: A mechanism for the generation of glucocorticoid resistance

Webster, J. C., Oakley, R. H., Jewell, C. M., & Cidlowski, J. A. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.121455098 · Cited by 482 · see citing works

Repression of inflammatory responses in the absence of DNA binding by the glucocorticoid receptor

Reichardt, H. M., Tuckermann, J. P., Göttlicher, M., Vujic, M., Weih, F., Angel, P., Herrlich, P., & Schütz, G. (2001) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1093/emboj/20.24.7168 · Cited by 429 · see citing works

A New First Step in Activation of Steroid Receptors

Davies, T. H., Ning, Y.-M., & Sánchez, E. R. (2002) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.c100531200 · Cited by 427 · see citing works

How Do Corticosteroids Work in Asthma?

Barnes, P. J., & Adcock, I. M. (2003) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-139-5_part_1-200309020-00012 · Cited by 371 · see citing works

Glucocorticoid-mediated repression of nuclear factor-κBdependent transcription involves direct interference with transactivation

Bosscher, K. D., Schmitz, M. L., Berghe, W. V., Plaisance, S., Fiers, W. C., & Haegeman, G. (1997) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.94.25.13504 · Cited by 360 · see citing works

Cross‐talk between pro‐inflammatory transcription factors and glucocorticoids

Adcock, I. M., & Caramori, G. (2001) · Immunology and Cell Biology · doi:10.1046/j.1440-1711.2001.01025.x · Cited by 332 · see citing works

Glucocorticoids act within minutes to inhibit recruitment of signalling factors to activated EGF receptors through a receptor‐dependent, transcription‐independent mechanism

Croxtall, J. D., Choudhury, Q., & Flower, R. J. (2000) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0703272 · Cited by 332 · see citing works

Synthetic Glucocorticoids That Dissociate Transactivation and AP-1 Transrepression Exhibit Antiinflammatory Activityin Vivo

Vayssière, B., Dupont, S., Choquart, A., Petit, F., Garcia, T., Marchandeau, C., Gronemeyer, H., & Resche-Rigon, M. (1997) · Molecular Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/mend.11.9.9979 · Cited by 311 · see citing works

Synthesis of glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) by macrophages: an anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive mechanism shared by glucocorticoids and IL-10

Berrebi, D. D., Bruscoli, S., Cohen, N., Foussat, A., Migliorati, G., Bouchet‐Delbos, L., Maillot, M., Portier, A., Couderc, J., Galanaud, P., et al. (2002) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2002-02-0538 · Cited by 290 · see citing works

Glucocorticoid resistance in asthma is associated with elevated in vivo expression of the glucocorticoid receptor β-isoform

Sousa, A. R., Lane, S. J., Cidlowski, J. A., Staynov, D. Z., & Lee, T. H. (2000) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1067/mai.2000.106486 · Cited by 274 · see citing works

Glucocorticoid receptor variants: clinical implications

DeRijk, R. H., Schaaf, M. J. M., & de Kloet, E. R. (2002) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/s0960-0760(02)00062-6 · Cited by 252 · see citing works

Negative regulation of nuclear factor-kappaB activation and function by glucocorticoids

Almawi, W., & Melemedjian, O. (2002) · Journal of Molecular Endocrinology · doi:10.1677/jme.0.0280069 · Cited by 242 · see citing works

Target-specific utilization of transcriptional regulatory surfaces by the glucocorticoid receptor

Rogatsky, I., Wang, J.-C., Derynck, M. K., Nonaka, D. F., Khodabakhsh, D. B., Haqq, C. M., Darimont, B. D., Garabedian, M. J., & Yamamoto, K. R. (2003) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2336092100 · Cited by 239 · see citing works

Mechanisms of glucocorticoid-mediated apoptosis in hematological malignancies.

Greenstein, S., Ghias, K. K., Krett, N. L., & Rosen, S. T. (2002) · PubMed · Cited by 239 · see citing works

High Constitutive Glucocorticoid Receptor β in Human Neutrophils Enables Them to Reduce Their Spontaneous Rate of Cell Death in Response to Corticosteroids

Strickland, I., Kisich, K. O., Hauk, P. J., Vottero, A., Chrousos, G. P., Klemm, D. J., & Leung, D. Y. M. (2001) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.193.5.585 · Cited by 215 · see citing works

The DNA binding-independent function of the glucocorticoid receptor mediates repression of AP-1-dependent genes in skin

Tuckermann, J. P., Reichardt, H. M., Arribas, R., Richter, K. H., Schütz, G., & Angel, P. (1999) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.147.7.1365 · Cited by 196 · see citing works

Therapeutic Benefit of a Dissociated Glucocorticoid and the Relevance of In Vitro Separation of Transrepression from Transactivation Activity

Belvisi, M. G., Wicks, S., Battram, C. H., Bottoms, S. E., Redford, J., Woodman, P., Brown, T. J., Webber, S. E., & Foster, M. L. (2001) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.166.3.1975 · Cited by 186 · see citing works

Drug Targeting by Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Dermal Use

Maia, C. S., Mehnert, W., Schaller, M., Körting, H. C., Gysler, A., Haberland, A., & Schäfer‐Korting, M. (2002) · Journal of drug targeting · doi:10.1080/1061186021000038364 · Cited by 186 · see citing works

Efficacy and safety of a new combination of calcipotriol and betamethasone dipropionate (once or twice daily) compared to calcipotriol (twice daily) in the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris: a randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled clinical trial

Guenther, L., Cambazard, F., van de Kerkhof, P. C. M., Snellman, E., Kragballe, K., Chu, A. C., Tegner, E., García‐Diez, A., & Springborg, J. B. (2002) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2133.2002.04967.x · Cited by 172 · see citing works

Glucocorticoid Receptor Polymorphism, Skin Vasoconstriction, and Other Metabolic Intermediate Phenotypes in Normal Human Subjects

Panarelli, M., Holloway, C. D., Fraser, R., Connell, J., Ingram, M. C., Anderson, N., & Kenyon, C. J. (1998) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.83.6.4828 · Cited by 168 · see citing works

Molecular Identification and Characterization of A and B Forms of the Glucocorticoid Receptor

Yudt, M. R., & Cidlowski, J. A. (2001) · Molecular Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/mend.15.7.0667 · Cited by 164 · see citing works

Glucocorticoid-regulated Transcription Factors

Adcock, I. M. (2001) · Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1006/pupt.2001.0283 · Cited by 163 · see citing works

Multiple Promoters Exist in the Human GR Gene, One of Which Is Activated by Glucocorticoids

Breslin, M. B., Geng, C.-D., & Vedeckis, W. V. (2001) · Molecular Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/mend.15.8.0696 · Cited by 157 · see citing works

A New Function for the C-terminal Zinc Finger of the Glucocorticoid Receptor

Lidén, J., Delaunay, F., Rafter, I., Gustafsson, J.-Å., & Okret, S. (1997) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.272.34.21467 · Cited by 155 · see citing works

The use of corticosteroids and corticosteroid phobia in atopic dermatitis

Charman, C. R., & Williams, H. C. (2003) · Clinics in Dermatology · doi:10.1016/s0738-081x(02)00368-1 · Cited by 151 · see citing works

Different glucocorticoids vary in their genomic and non‐genomic mechanism of action in A549 cells

Croxtall, J. D., van Hal, P. T. W., Choudhury, Q., Gilroy, D. W., & Flower, R. (2002) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0704474 · Cited by 148 · see citing works

Glucocorticoid entrapment into lipid carriers — characterisation by parelectric spectroscopy and influence on dermal uptake

Sivaramakrishnan, R., Nakamura, C., Mehnert, W., Korting, H. C., Kramer, K. D., & Schäfer‐Korting, M. (2004) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2004.04.001 · Cited by 141 · see citing works

The Molecular Basis of Lymphocyte Recruitment to the Skin: Clues for Pathogenesis and Selective Therapies of Inflammatory Disorders

Schön, M. P., Zollner, T. M., & Boehncke, W. (2003) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.2003.12563.x · Cited by 137 · see citing works

Binding kinetics of fluticasone propionate to the human glucocorticoid receptor

Högger, P., & Rohdewald, P. J. (1994) · Steroids · doi:10.1016/0039-128x(94)90054-x · Cited by 131 · see citing works

1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Protects Human Keratinocytes from Apoptosis by the Formation of Sphingosine-1-Phosphate

Manggau, M. A., Kim, D.-S., Ruwisch, L., Vogler, R., Schäfer-Korting, M., Kleuser, B., & Körting, H. C. (2001) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1046/j.0022-202x.2001.01496.x · Cited by 130 · see citing works

Development of fluticasone propionate and comparison with other inhaled corticosteroids

Johnson, M. W. (1998) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/s0091-6749(98)70155-1 · Cited by 128 · see citing works

Sphingosine-1-Phosphate and Its Potentially Paradoxical Effects on Critical Parameters of Cutaneous Wound Healing

Vogler, R., Sauer, B., Kim, D.-S., Schäfer‐Korting, M., & Kleuser, B. (2003) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.2003.12096.x · Cited by 123 · see citing works

Molecular basis of the alteration in skin collagen metabolism in response to in vivo dexamethasone treatment: effects on the synthesis of collagen type I and III, collagenase, and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases

Oishi, Y., Fu, Z., OHNUKI, Y., Kato, H., & Noguchi, T. (2002) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2133.2002.04949.x · Cited by 118 · see citing works

Systematic Review of the Evidence Regarding Potential Complications of Inhaled Corticosteroid Use in Asthma

Leone, F. T., Fish, J. E., Szefler, S. J., & West, S. L. (2003) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.124.6.2329 · Cited by 117 · see citing works

Dissociated glucocorticoids with anti-inflammatory potential repress interleukin-6 gene expression by a nuclear factor-kappaB-dependent mechanism.

Berghe, W. V., Francesconi, E., Bosscher, K. D., Resche-Rigon, M., & Haegeman, G. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 108 · see citing works

Novel Mechanism of Steroid Action in Skin through Glucocorticoid Receptor Monomers

Radoja, N., Komine, M., Jho, S. H., Blumenberg, M., & Tomic‐Canic, M. (2000) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.20.12.4328-4339.2000 · Cited by 99 · see citing works

Regulation of the Epithelial Ca2+ Channel TRPV5 by the NHE Regulating Factor NHERF2 and the Serum and Glucocorticoid Inducible Kinase Isoforms SGK1 and SGK3 Expressed in Xenopus oocytes

Embark, H. M., Setiawan, I., Poppendieck, S., van de Graaf, S. F. J., Boehmer, C., Palmada, M., Wieder, T., Gerstberger, R., Cohen, P., Yun, C. C., et al. (2004) · Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1159/000080329 · Cited by 90 · see citing works

Different Skin Thinning Potential of Equipotent Medium-Strength Glucocorticoids

Körting, H. C., Unholzer, A., Schäfer‐Korting, M., Tausch, I., Gassmueller, J., & Nietsch, K.-H. (2002) · Skin Pharmacology and Physiology · doi:10.1159/000049394 · Cited by 77 · see citing works

Epidermal Cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-12 in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis: Response to Application of House Dust Mite Antigens11This work is published in part as an abstract inArch Dermatol Res 1997, 289 (Suppl.): A45

Junghans, V., Gutgesell, C., Jung, T., & Neumann, C. R. (1998) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.1998.00409.x · Cited by 75 · see citing works

Involvement of Smad Signaling in Sphingosine 1-Phosphate-mediated Biological Responses of Keratinocytes

Sauer, B., Vogler, R., von Wenckstern, H., Fujii, M., Anzano, M. B., Glick, A. B., Schäfer‐Korting, M., Roberts, A. B., & Kleuser, B. (2004) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m313557200 · Cited by 75 · see citing works

Transcription factor‐mediated molecular mechanisms involved in the functional cross‐talk between cytokines and glucocorticoids

Refojo, D., Liberman, A., Holsboer, F., & ARZT, E. S. (2001) · Immunology and Cell Biology · doi:10.1046/j.1440-1711.2001.01023.x · Cited by 68 · see citing works

Glucocorticoid Receptor Nitration Leads to Enhanced Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Novel Steroid Ligands

Paul‐Clark, M. J., Roviezzo, F., Flower, R. J., Cirino, G., Soldato, P. D., Adcock, I. M., & Perretti, M. (2003) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.171.6.3245 · Cited by 66 · see citing works

Structure/Function of the Human Glucocorticoid Receptor: Tyrosine 735 Is Important for Transactivation

Ray, D. W., Suen, C. S., Brass, A., Soden, J., & White, A. E. (1999) · Molecular Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/mend.13.11.0376 · Cited by 62 · see citing works

Various glucocorticoids differ in their ability to induce gene expression, apoptosis and to repress NF‐κB‐dependent transcription

Hofmann, T. G., Hehner, S. P., Bacher, S., Dröge, W., & Schmitz, M. L. (1998) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/s0014-5793(98)01609-3 · Cited by 60 · see citing works

Overexpression of the human glucocorticoid receptor α and β isoforms inhibits AP-1 and NF-κB activities hormone independently

Gougat‐Barbera, C., Jaffuel, D., Gagliardo, R. P., Henriquet, C., Bousquet, J. J., Demoly, P. M., & Mathieu, M. N. (2001) · Journal of Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00109-001-0302-6 · Cited by 59 · see citing works

Chemokine networks in inflammatory skin diseases.

Pastore, S., Mascia, F., Mariotti, F., Dattilo, C., & Girolomoni, G. (2004) · PubMed · Cited by 59 · see citing works

Topical all-trans-retinoic acid prevents corticosteroid-induced skin atrophy without abrogating the anti-inflammatory effect

Lesnik, R. H., Mezick, J. A., Capetola, R. J., & Kligman, L. H. (1989) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/s0190-9622(89)70159-6 · Cited by 59 · see citing works

Analysis of glucocorticoid signalling by gene targeting

Reichardt, H. M., Kaestner, K. H., Wessely, O., Gass, P., Schmid, W., & Schütz, G. (1998) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/s0960-0760(97)00181-7 · Cited by 56 · see citing works

Topical Noncorticosteroid Immunomodulation in the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis

Reitamo, S., Remitz, A., nen, H. K., Saarikko, J., & Granlund, H. K. (2002) · American Journal of Clinical Dermatology · doi:10.2165/00128071-200203060-00002 · Cited by 54 · see citing works

Cutaneous Inflammation and Proliferation in vitro: Differential Effects and Mode of Action of Topical Glucocorticoids

Lange, K., Kleuser, B., Gysler, A., Bäder, M., Maia, C. P. A., Scheidereit, C., Körting, H. C., & Schäfer-Korting, M. (2000) · Skin Pharmacology and Physiology · doi:10.1159/000029913 · Cited by 45 · see citing works

Prednicarbate activity and benefit/risk ratio in relation to other topical glucocorticoids

Schäfer‐Korting, M., Körting, H. C., Kerscher, M., & Lenhard, S. M. (1993) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1038/clpt.1993.172 · Cited by 45 · see citing works

Qualitative and Quantitative Assessment of the Benefit???Risk Ratio of Medium Potency Topical Corticosteroids In Vitro and In Vivo

Schackert, C., Körting, H. C., & fer-Korting, M. S. (2000) · BioDrugs · doi:10.2165/00063030-200013040-00005 · Cited by 43 · see citing works

In Vivo Prevention of Corticosteroid-Induced Skin Atrophy by Tretinoin in the Hairless Mouse Is Accompanied by Modulation of Collagen, Glycosaminoglycans, and Fibronectin

Schwartz, E., Mezick, J. A., Gendimenico, G. J., & Kligman, L. H. (1994) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12371770 · Cited by 43 · see citing works

Glucocorticoids mediate differential anti‐apoptotic effects in human fibroblasts and keratinocytes via sphingosine‐1‐phosphate formation

Hammer, S., Sauer, B., Spika, I., Schraut, C., Kleuser, B., & Schäfer‐Korting, M. (2004) · Journal of Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1002/jcb.10766 · Cited by 40 · see citing works

Glucocorticoid receptor interactions with glucocorticoids: evaluation by molecular modeling and functional analysis of glucocorticoid receptor mutants

Hammer, S. (2003) · Steroids · doi:10.1016/s0039-128x(03)00030-8 · Cited by 39 · see citing works

Mechanisms and clinical relevance of nongenomic glucocorticoid actions

Buttgereit, F. (2000) · Zeitschrift für Rheumatologie · doi:10.1007/s003930070005 · Cited by 36 · see citing works

Topical glucocorticoids of the non-fluorinated double-ester type. Lack of atrophogenicity in normal skin as assessed by high-frequency ultrasound.

Kerscher, M. J., & Korting, H. C. (1992) · Acta Dermato Venereologica · doi:10.2340/0001555572214216 · Cited by 35 · see citing works

Is there a role for glucocorticoid receptor beta in asthma?

Gagliardo, R. P., Vignola, A. M., & Mathieu, M. N. (2000) · Respiratory Research · doi:10.1186/rr31 · Cited by 34 · see citing works

Prednicarbate Versus Conventional Topical Glucocorticoids: Pharmacodynamic Characterization In Vitro

Lange, K., Gysler, A., Bäder, M., Kleuser, B., Körting, H. C., & Schäfer-Korting, M. (1997) · Pharmaceutical Research · doi:10.1023/a:1012183914011 · Cited by 31 · see citing works

Dexamethasone and triamcinolone acetonide accumulation in mouse fibroblasts is differently modulated by the immunosuppressants cyclosporin A, FK506, rapamycin and their analogues, as well as by other P-glycoprotein ligands

Marsaud, V., Mercier-Bodard, C., Fortin, D., Bihan, S. L., & Renoir, J. (1998) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/s0960-0760(98)00008-9 · Cited by 30 · see citing works

Future treatments of allergic diseases and asthma

Stirling, R. G., & Chung, K. F. (2000) · British Medical Bulletin · doi:10.1258/0007142001903526 · Cited by 30 · see citing works

Functional Analysis of Three Genetic Polymorphisms in the Glucocorticoid Receptor Gene

Koyano, S., Saito, Y., Nagano, M., Maekawa, K., Kikuchi, Y., Murayama, N., Fujino, T., Ozawa, S., Nakajima, T., Matsumoto, K., et al. (2003) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.103.054155 · Cited by 25 · see citing works

Differential Effect of Medium Potent Nonhalogenated Double-Ester-Type and Conventional Glucocorticoids on Proliferation and Chemotaxis of Fibroblasts in vitro

Hein, R., Körting, H. C., & Mehring, T. (2009) · Skin Pharmacology · doi:10.1159/000211309 · Cited by 25 · see citing works

Immunopharmacology: anti-inflammatory therapy targeting transcription factors

Pfeilschifter, J., & Mühl, H. (1999) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0014-2999(99)00361-1 · Cited by 24 · see citing works

FK506 Augments Glucocorticoid-Mediated Cyclooxygenase–2 Down-Regulation in Human Rheumatoid Synovial Fibroblasts

Migita, K., Tanaka, H., Okamoto, K., Yoshikawa, N., Ichinose, Y., Urayama, S., Yamasaki, S., Ida, H., Kawabe, Y., Kawakami, A., et al. (2000) · Laboratory Investigation · doi:10.1038/labinvest.3780017 · Cited by 24 · see citing works

Potency and Specificity of the Pharmacological Action of a New, Antiasthmatic, Topically Administered Soft Steroid, Etiprednol Dicloacetate (BNP-166)

Kurucz, I., Tóth, S., Németh, K., Török, K., Csillik‐Perczel, V., Pataki, Á., Salamon, C., Nagy, Z., Székely, J. I., Horváth, K., et al. (2003) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.103.053652 · Cited by 22 · see citing works

Fluticasone propionate and mometasone furoate have equivalent transcriptional potencies

Roumestan, C., Henriquet, C., Bousquet, J., & Mathieu, M. (2003) · Clinical & Experimental Allergy · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2222.2003.01709.x · Cited by 18 · see citing works

Discrimination of the toxic potential of chemically differing topical glucocorticoids using a neutral red release assay with human keratinocytes and fibroblasts

Körting, H. C., HÜLSEBUS, E., KERSCHER, M., GREBER, R., & Schäfer‐Korting, M. (2006) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1995.tb02492.x · Cited by 17 · see citing works

Differential modulation of glucocorticoid action by FK506 in A549 cells

Croxtall, J. D., Paul‐Clark, M. J., & van Hal, P. T. W. (2003) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj20030821 · Cited by 13 · see citing works

Transcriptional Activity of Potent Glucocorticoids: Relevance of Glucocorticoid Receptor Isoforms and Drug Metabolites

Spika, I., Hammer, S., Kleuser, B., Körting, H. C., & Schäfer‐Korting, M. (2003) · Skin Pharmacology and Physiology · doi:10.1159/000069754 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

[Antiglucocorticoid action of RU 486].

BERTAGNA, X. Y. (1989) · PubMed · Cited by 3 · see citing works

[Corticoid research: in non-genomic effects there are still some questions].

Buttgereit, F. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 2 · see citing works

[3-phase therapy. A contribution to the treatment of neurodermatitis atopica (endogenous eczema)].

Landes, E., & Wolf, A. (1984) · PubMed · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Untitled work

Lawrence (1998) · doi:10.1002/1529-0131(199805)41:5

Transition from inflammation to proliferation: a critical step during wound healing

Landén, N. X., Li, D., & Ståhle, M. (2016) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-016-2268-0 · Cited by 1,980 · see citing works

Mechanisms of Action of Topical Corticosteroids in Psoriasis

Uva, L., Miguel, D., Pinheiro, C., Antunes, J., Cruz, D., Ferreira, J. B., & Filipe, P. (2012) · International Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1155/2012/561018 · Cited by 250 · see citing works

Nanoparticles for skin penetration enhancement – A comparison of a dendritic core-multishell-nanotransporter and solid lipid nanoparticles

Hedtrich, S., Radowski, M. R., Blaschke, T., Dathe, M., Plendl, J., Haag, R., Schäfer‐Korting, M., & Kramer, K. D. (2008) · European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ejpb.2008.08.019 · Cited by 233 · see citing works

The effects of non-genomic glucocorticoid mechanisms on bodily functions and the central neural system. A critical evaluation of findings

Haller, J., Mikics, É., & Makara, G. B. (2007) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2007.10.004 · Cited by 201 · see citing works

Gastrointestinal and liver adverse effects of drugs used for treating IBD

Rogler, G. (2010) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/j.bpg.2009.10.011 · Cited by 171 · see citing works

Nanocarriers for optimizing the balance between interfollicular permeation and follicular uptake of topically applied clobetasol to minimize adverse effects

Mathes, C., Melero, A., Conrad, P., VOGT, T. M., Rigo, L. A., Selzer, D., Prado, W. A., Rossi, C. D., Garrigues, T., Hansen, S., et al. (2015) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.12.010 · Cited by 71 · see citing works

Evaluation of beneficial and adverse effects of glucocorticoids on a newly developed full-thickness skin model

Zöller, N. N., Kippenberger, S., Thaçi, D., Mewes, K. R., Spiegel, M., Sättler, A., Schultz, M., Bereiter‐Hahn, J., Kaufmann, R., & Bernd, A. (2007) · Toxicology in Vitro · doi:10.1016/j.tiv.2007.11.022 · Cited by 63 · see citing works

Activators of PPARs and LXR decrease the adverse effects of exogenous glucocorticoids on the epidermis

Demerjian, M., Choi, E., Man, M., Chang, S., Elias, P. M., & Feingold, K. R. (2009) · Experimental Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0625.2009.00841.x · Cited by 62 · see citing works

Esterase activity in excised and reconstructed human skin – Biotransformation of prednicarbate and the model dye fluorescein diacetate

Bätz, F. M., Klipper, W., Körting, H. C., Henkler, F., Landsiedel, R., Luch, A., von Fritschen, U., Weindl, G., & Schäfer‐Korting, M. (2012) · European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ejpb.2012.11.008 · Cited by 55 · see citing works

Novel Dermal Delivery Cargos of Clobetasol Propionate: An Update

Nair, A. B., Kumar, S., Dalal, P., Nagpal, C., Dalal, S., Rao, R., Sreeharsha, N., & Jacob, S. (2022) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics14020383 · Cited by 54 · see citing works

In vitro skin absorption and drug release – A comparison of six commercial prednicarbate preparations for topical use

Borgia, S. L., Schlupp, P., Mehnert, W., & Schäfer‐Korting, M. (2007) · European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ejpb.2007.05.003 · Cited by 54 · see citing works

Chronic Stress Suppresses the Expression of Cutaneous Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenocortical Axis Elements and Melanogenesis

Pang, S., Wu, H., Wang, Q., Cai, M., Shi, W., & Shang, J. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0098283 · Cited by 46 · see citing works

Hydrocortisone Diffusion Through Synthetic Membrane, Mouse Skin, and Epiderm™ Cultured Skin

Christensen, J. M., Chuong, M. C., Le, H., Pham, L., & Bendas, E. R. (2011) · Archives of Drug Information · doi:10.1111/j.1753-5174.2010.00033.x · Cited by 36 · see citing works

Nanocrystals for Improved Drug Delivery of Dexamethasone in Skin Investigated by EPR Spectroscopy

Lohan, S. B., Saeidpour, S., Colombo, M., Staufenbiel, S., Unbehauen, M. L., Wolde-Kidan, A., Netz, R. R., Bodmeier, R. A., Haag, R., Teutloff, C., et al. (2020) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics12050400 · Cited by 32 · see citing works

Adrenal Insufficiency as a Result of Long-Term Misuse of Topical Corticosteroids

Böckle, B. C., Jara, D. A., Nindl, W., Aberer, W., & Sepp, N. T. (2014) · Dermatology · doi:10.1159/000358427 · Cited by 32 · see citing works

Evaluation of Anti-inflammatory and Atrophogenic Effects of Glucocorticoids on Reconstructed Human Skin

Weindl, G., Castello, F., & Schäfer‐Korting, M. (2011) · Alternatives to Laboratory Animals · doi:10.1177/026119291103900212 · Cited by 31 · see citing works

Topical N-acetyl-S-farnesyl-L-cysteine Inhibits Mouse Skin Inflammation, and Unlike Dexamethasone, its Effects Are Restricted to the Application Site

Gordon, J. S., Wolanin, P. M., Gonzalez, A. V., Fela, D. A., Sarngadharan, G., Rouzard, K., Pérez, E., Stock, J. B., & Stock, M. B. (2007) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1038/sj.jid.5701061 · Cited by 31 · see citing works

Atopic dermatitis: understanding the disease and its management

Levy, M. L. (2007) · Current Medical Research and Opinion · doi:10.1185/030079907x242593 · Cited by 31 · see citing works

Development and characterisation of clobetasol propionate loaded Squarticles as a lipid nanocarrier for treatment of plaque psoriasis

Dadwal, A., Mishra, N., Rawal, R. K., & Narang, R. K. (2020) · Journal of Microencapsulation · doi:10.1080/02652048.2020.1756970 · Cited by 27 · see citing works

Three-layer structure graphene/mesoporous silica composites incorporated with C8-modified interior pore-walls for residue analysis of glucocorticoids in milk by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Liu, X., Feng, J., Sun, X., Li, Y., & Duan, G. (2015) · Analytica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.aca.2015.05.020 · Cited by 25 · see citing works

Patches as Polymeric Systems for Improved Delivery of Topical Corticosteroids: Advances and Future Perspectives

Dubashynskaya, N. V., & Skorik, Y. А. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms232112980 · Cited by 24 · see citing works

Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors and their Ligands

Weindl, G., fer-Korting, M. S., Schaller, M., & Körting, H. C. (2005) · Drugs · doi:10.2165/00003495-200565140-00002 · Cited by 23 · see citing works

Effects of Topical Corticosteroid and Tacrolimus on Ceramides and Irritancy to Sodium Lauryl Sulphate in Healthy Skin

Jungersted, J. M., Høgh, J. K., Hellegren, L., Jemec, G. B. E., & Agner, T. (2011) · Acta Dermato Venereologica · doi:10.2340/00015555-1064 · Cited by 19 · see citing works

Comparative Permeation Studies of Nondiluted and Diluted Betamethasone-17-Valerate Semisolid Formulations through Isolated Human Stratum Corneum and Artificial Skin Construct

Mitriaikina, S., & Müller-Goymann, C. C. (2009) · Skin Pharmacology and Physiology · doi:10.1159/000203368 · Cited by 16 · see citing works

Focus on Autoimmune Myocarditis in Graves' Disease: A Case-Based Review

Wu, L., Wang, W., Leng, Q., Tang, N., Zhou, N., Wang, Y., & Wang, D. W. (2021) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2021.678645 · Cited by 16 · see citing works

Synergetic effects of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) and isopropyl myristate (IPM) on the permeation of betamethasone-17-valerate from semisolid Pharmacopoeia bases

Mitriaikina, S., & Müller-Goymann, C. C. (2007) · Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/s1773-2247(07)50052-3 · Cited by 14 · see citing works

Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and photoprotective activity of standardised Gaultheria procumbens L. leaf, stem, and fruit extracts in UVA-irradiated human dermal fibroblasts

Michel, P., Żbikowska, H. M., Rudnicka, K., Gonciarz, W., Krupa, A., Gajewski, A., Machała, P., & Olszewska, M. A. (2023) · Journal of Ethnopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.jep.2023.117219 · Cited by 13 · see citing works

Identification of Glucocorticoid Receptor Target Genes That Potentially Inhibit Collagen Synthesis in Human Dermal Fibroblasts

Choi, D., Kang, W., Park, S., Son, B., & Park, T. (2023) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom13060978 · Cited by 12 · see citing works

Quality by design driven systematic development of nanoemulgel of clobetasol-17-propionate for effective treatment of psoriasis

Devadiga, S., Sermasekaran, A., Singh, A. D., Agrawal, S. S., Sharma, S., & Choudhary, D. K. (2024) · Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.jddst.2024.105422 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

Therapeutic possibilities of topical corticosteroids in modern clinical practice

Белоусова, Т. А., & Kail, M. V. (2020) · Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council · doi:10.21518/2079-701x-2020-12-36-45 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

The skin‐blanching assay

Smit, P., Neumann, H. A. M., & Thio, H. B. (2012) · Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology · doi:10.1111/j.1468-3083.2012.04449.x · Cited by 10 · see citing works

Skin Penetration

Machado, A. C. H. R., Lopes, P. S., Raffier, C. P., Haridass, I. N., Roberts, M. S., Grice, J. E., & Leite‐Silva, V. R. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-802005-0.00046-x · Cited by 9 · see citing works

Glucocorticoids inhibit production of exosomes containing inflammatory microRNA-155 in lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophage inflammatory responses.

Chen, Y., Zhang, M., & Zheng, Y. (2018) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Repeated Treatments with Ingenol Mebutate Prevents Progression of UV-Induced Photodamage in Hairless Mice

Erlendsson, A. M., Thaysen‐Petersen, D., Bay, C., Hald, A., Skak, K., Zibert, J. R., Paasch, U., Wulf, H. C., & Hædersdal, M. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0162597 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Bioinformatics assessment on the potential of Lipoteichoic Acid (LTA) of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) as topical therapy for inflammatory skin diseases

Radityastuti, Endaryanto, A., SURONO, I. S., Amin, M., & Prakoeswa, C. R. S. (2022) · Bali Medical Journal · doi:10.15562/bmj.v11i1.3025 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

The pituitary and the adrenal cortex

Rang, H. P., Dale, M. M., Ritter, J., & Flower, R. J. (2007) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-06911-6.50033-5 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Betamethasone Treatment for Atopic Dermatitis in Gut Microbiota Transplanted Mice

Debes, K. P., Evdina, N. A., Laigaard, A., Larsen, J. M., Zachariassen, L. F., Hansen, C. H. F., & Hansen, A. K. (2019) · Comparative Medicine · doi:10.30802/aalas-cm-18-000136 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Repeated treatments with ingenol mebutate for prophylaxis of UV-induced squamous cell carcinoma in hairless mice

Erlendsson, A. M., Thaysen‐Petersen, D., Bay, C., Lerche, C. M., Philipsen, P. A., Wulf, H. C., Zibert, J. R., & Hædersdal, M. (2016) · Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.08.022 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Desmoplastic tumor priming using clinical-stage corticosteroid liposomes

Ojha, T., Schaefer, G. J. L., Mihyar, R., Pathak, V., Ehling, J., Rama, E., Lorenzi, F. D., Elshafei, A. S., Moeckel, D., Elsafy, S., et al. (2025) · Cell Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.celbio.2025.100051 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Glucocorticoid and Sex Hormone Receptors: Clinical Implications and Therapeutic Relevance

Stefanaki, C., Chrousos, G. P., & Katsambas, A. (2007) · Dermatologic Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.det.2007.06.011 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Glucocorticoidhaltige Magistralrezepturen. Rationaler Einsatz in der Dermatologie

Högger, P. (2010) · Pharmazie in unserer Zeit · doi:10.1002/pauz.201000375 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Investigation and Release Profile Optimization for Vaterite-Based Carriers Loaded with Betamethasone Dipropionate

Анатольевна, Д. П., Saveleva, М. S., Verkhovskii, R. A., Anisimov, R. A., Pidenko, P. S., & Svenskaya, Y. I. (2024) · BioNanoScience · doi:10.1007/s12668-024-01683-8 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Hormones and Hormone Precursors of the Skin

Kemény, L. V., & Fisher, D. E. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-813814-4.00023-7 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

NEW FORMULATIONS OF HYDROCORTISONE-17-BUTYRATE IN THE ARSENAL OF MEANS FOR TOPICAL TREATMENT OF ATOPIC DERMATITIS IN CHILDREN

Короткий, Н. Г., & Николаевич, Г. Б. (2014) · Вопросы современной педиатрии · doi:10.15690/vsp.v13i4.1088 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Kortikosteroide zur lokalen Anwendung auf der Haut

Kahmann, I. V., Gabard, B., & Bigliardi, P. L. (2008) · pharma-kritik · doi:10.37667/pk.2008.234 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Effects of glucocorticoids on the skin

Otlewska, A., Szpotowicz, G., & Otlewska, A. (2020) · Pediatria i Medycyna Rodzinna · doi:10.15557/pimr.2020.0047 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Biotransformation Capacity of Reconstructed Human Skin versus Human Skin ex vivo - analysing Prednicarbate and Testosterone as Example

Löbker, W. A. (2014) · Universitätsbibliothek der FU Berlin Hochschulschriftenstelle u. Dokumentenserver · doi:10.17169/refubium-4305 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Pimecrolimus, a topical calcineurin inhibitor for atopic dermatitis and other inflammatory skin diseases

Fowler, J. F. (2006) · Expert Review of Dermatology · doi:10.1586/17469872.1.3.343 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Non‐Targeted Therapeutics for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Rogler, G. (2010) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781444318418.ch24

Characterisation of the immune cells and cytokines involved in a model of atopic dermatitis

Naidoo, K. (2018) · doi:10.26686/wgtn.17067641.v1

The pituitary and the adrenal cortex

Rang, H. P., Dale, M. M., Ritter, J. M., Flower, R. J., & Henderson, G. (2012) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-7020-3471-8.00032-9

Development, characterization and in vitro evaluation of clobetasol propionate emulgel for topical delivery in dermatological inflammatory disorders

Dalal, S., Nair, A. B., Kadian, V., Bhattacharyya, M. S., Jacob, S., Aldhubiab, B., Almuqbil, R. M., Shinu, P., Alnaim, A., & Rao, R. (2026) · 3 Biotech · doi:10.1007/s13205-026-04856-2

Transcriptomic Effects of Oclacitinib and Prednisolone in an Acute IgE-Mediated Experimental Model of Canine Atopic Dermatitis

Leon, R., Blubaugh, A., Starr, H., & Banović, F. (2026) · Veterinary Sciences · doi:10.3390/vetsci13070676

Effects of excessive topical glucocorticoids on ovarian aging

Zhou, K., Zhang, S., Yunyu, H., Huixiao, W., Luojun, W., Guangming, S., Liu, D., Zhifan, M., Jin, F., & Hu, Z. (2026) · Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology · doi:10.1080/15569527.2026.2711642

Downscaling of Semisolid Characterization: Establishment of a Systematic and Integrated Approach to Accelerate the Development of Topical Products

Marangon, A. (2011)

Non-genomic glucocorticoid effects to provide the basis for new drug developments

Song, I., & Buttgereit, F. (2006) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2005.11.012 · Cited by 208 · see citing works

Genomic and nongenomic effects of glucocorticoids

Stahn, C., & Buttgereit, F. (2008) · Nature Clinical Practice Rheumatology · doi:10.1038/ncprheum0898 · Cited by 594 · see citing works

Optimized glucocorticoid therapy: teaching old drugs new tricks

Strehl, C., & Buttgereit, F. (2013) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2013.01.026 · Cited by 118 · see citing works

Topical glucocorticoids and the skin‐mechanisms of action: an update

Ahluwalia, A. (1998) · Mediators of Inflammation · doi:10.1080/09629359891126 · Cited by 124 · see citing works

Niegenomowy mechanizm działania glikokortykosteroidów

Grzanka, A., & Jarząb, J. (2009) · Advances in respiratory medicine · doi:10.5603/arm.27793 · Cited by 5 · see citing works