Influenza A Virus Infects Macrophages and Stimulates Release of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha
Abstract
The clinical picture of influenza A virus infections indicates that release of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) may be involved. In the present study we exposed the murine macrophage line PU5–1.8 to influenza A virus and observed a productive infection which was followed by subsequent cell death. Infection of macrophages was accompanied by TNF-α mRNA accumulation and TNF-α release. TNF-α production could only be induced by live virus whereas interferon release was also stimulated by inactivated virus. When virus-infected macrophages were exposed to low amounts of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 1–10 ng/ml) TNF-α production was strongly potentiated. These data show that low LPS concentrations could readily trigger a high TNF-α release from influenza-A-virus-infected macrophages which could, at least partially, explain the serious complications of combined influenza A virus and bacterial infections.
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TNF is highly expressed across infection models, including primary human respiratory epithelial cells and human monocyte-derived macrophages, compared with seasonal H1N1 and swine-origin H1N1 influenza virus infection.
“It is highly expressed across infection models, including primary human respiratory epithelial cells (24, 125) and human monocyte-derived macrophages (26, 59, 62), compared with during seasonal H1N1 influenza virus and swine-origin H1N1 influenza virus (SOIV) infection (111).”
From Into the Eye of the Cytokine Storm (2012) · cites this paper as [59]
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“It is highly expressed across infection models, including primary human respiratory epithelial cells (24, 125) and human monocyte-derived macrophages (26, 59, 62), compared with during seasonal H1N1 influenza virus and swine-origin H1N1 influenza virus (SOIV) infection (111).”
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- Authors
- Hinder, F., Schmidt, A., Gong, J.-H., Bender, A., Sprenger, H., Nain, M., & Gemsa, D.
- Affiliations
- Philipps University of Marburg (DE)
- Venue
- Pathobiology
- Publisher
- S. Karger AG
- Published
- 2008-10-07
- Volume
- 59
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 227-231
- ISSN
- 1015-2008 (ISSN-L)
- 1423-0291
- OpenAlex
- W2094663416
- Cited by
- 20
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2013: 1 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 0.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Pathobiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › interferon and immune responses
- Keywords
- influenza A virus, macrophages, TNF-α, TNF-alpha mRNA, interferon, lipopolysaccharide, macrophage cell death, viral infection, bacterial co-infection
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cell Line, Kinetics, Lipopolysaccharides, Macrophages, Orthomyxoviridae Infections, Influenza A virus, RNA, Messenger, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
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