The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Adrenal Incidentaloma: An Overview of Clinical and Epidemiological Data from the National Italian Study Group
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The incidental discovery of an adrenal mass raises the problem of distinguishing the frequent benign masses from the infrequent malignant ones that require surgery. At present, univocal guidelines to approach this problem are not available. The aim of the present study was to perform a multicentric retrospective analysis of adrenal masses incidentally discovered (adrenal incidentalomas). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Hospital records of adrenal incidentalomas diagnosed over a 15-year period in 29 surgical and medical centers in Italy were scrutinized. Collected cases were 1,013, and 887 were analyzed. RESULTS: The majority of patients were in the 5th and 6th decade and females were predominantly affected. The frequency of adrenocortical cancer was 12% among operated patients (316 cases). The tumor diameter was highly correlated with the risk of malignancy, as well as the CT characteristics such as density, shape and margins. The frequency of pheochromocytoma was 10% among operated patients. CONCLUSIONS: The occurrence of incidentally discovered adrenocortical carcinomas and pheochromocytomas is not rare. Evaluation of the mass size and CT characteristics are simple and effective methods to differentiate malignant lesions. Biochemical screening for pheochromocytoma is mandatory before surgery.
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“Although the majority of AIs are unilateral, bilateral AIs may be found in 10% to 15% of cases (169).”
From Adrenal incidentaloma (2020) · cites this paper as [169]
In the citing paper
“Two large studies (169,170) found that the most common causes of bilateral AI were metastasis, primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (PBMAH), and bilateral cortical adenomas.”
From Adrenal incidentaloma (2020) · cites this paper as [169]
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The Incidentally Discovered Adrenal Mass
Young, W. F. (2007) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmcp065470 · Cited by 1,090
“In a series of 887 patients who had adrenal incidentalomas, a diameter >4 cm was shown to have 90% sensitivity for the detection of adrenocortical carcinoma but low specificity; only 24% of lesions >4 cm in diameter were malignant [9].”
BackgroundZeiger, M. A., Thompson, G. B., Duh, Q.-Y., Hamrahian, A. H., Angelos, P., Elaraj, D., Fishman, E., Kharlip, J., Zeiger, M. A., Thompson, G. B., et al. (2009) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep.15.s1.1 · Cited by 499
“The size of the lesion can be a major predictor of an ACC in an incidentaloma with >10 HU attenuation on non - contrast CT. Multiple studies have addressed this relation - ship (125 [EL 3]) .”
MANAGEMENT APPROACHES TO ADRENAL INCIDENTALOMAS
Young, W. F. (2000) · Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0889-8529(05)70122-5 · Cited by 415
Dackiw, A. P. B., Lee, J. E., Gagel, R. F., & Evans, D. B. (2001) · World Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1007/s00268-001-0030-7 · Cited by 390
Incidental Adrenal Lesions: Principles, Techniques, and Algorithms for Imaging Characterization
Boland, G. W., Blake, M. A., Hahn, P. F., & Mayo-Smith, W. W. (2008) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.2493070976 · Cited by 381
“Other rare adrenal malignancies include primary lymphoma of the adrenal glands, hemangiosarcoma, and neuroblastoma (11).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Angeli, A., Osella, G., Ali, A., & Terzolo, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Turin (IT)
- ORCID
- Terzolo, M.
- Venue
- Hormone Research
- Publisher
- S. Karger AG
- Published
- 1997
- Volume
- 47
- Issue
- 4-6
- Pages
- 279-283
- ISSN
- 0301-0163 (ISSN-L)
- 1423-0046
- OpenAlex
- W2023441974
- Cited by
- 259
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 10.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Hormone Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Institutional Research Information System University of Turin (University of Turin) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Adrenal and Paraganglionic Tumors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Neuroendocrine Tumor Research Advances
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac tumors and thrombi
- Keywords
- adrenal incidentaloma, adrenal mass, adrenocortical carcinoma, pheochromocytoma, tumor size, CT imaging characteristics, benign versus malignant differentiation, biochemical screening, surgical management
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adrenal Gland Neoplasms, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Humans, Italy, Male, Middle Aged, Pheochromocytoma, Retrospective Studies
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