The DOI matches its Crossref record; 32 of the 32 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Prognostic Aspects, Survival Rate, and Predisposing Risk Factors in Patients with Fournier's Gangrene and Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections: Evaluation of Clinical Outcome of 55 Patients
Abstract
Objective: To determine predisposing or prognostic factors and mortality rates of patients with Fournier’s gangrene compared to other necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTI). Material and Methods: Data of 55 intensive care patients (1981–2010) with NSTI were evaluated. Data were collected prospectively. Results: 43.4% of the patients were in septic condition and 27.3% were hemodynamically unstable. Half of the patients showed predisposing factors (52.7%). The lower extremity (63.2%), abdomen (30.9%), and perineum (14.5%) were most affected. Polymicrobial infections were frequent (65.5%, mean 2.8, range: 1–4). The mortality rate was 16.4% (n = 9). An increase was shown for diabetes mellitus (20%), cardiac insufficiency (22.3%), septic condition at presentation (33.3%), abdominal affection (47.1%), and hemodynamic instability (46.7%). Comparing survivors and nonsurvivors, statistical significance was seen with age (p < 0.001), septic condition at admission (p < 0.001), hemodynamic instability (p < 0.001), low blood pressure (p < 0.001), and abdominal affection (p < 0.001). In laboratory findings, an increase of creatine kinase (p < 0.001) and lactate (p < 0.001) and a decrease of antithrombin III (p < 0.007) and the Quick value (p < 0.01) proved to be significant. Conclusion: Patients with Fournier’s gangrene do not differ in all aspects from those with other NSTI. Successful treatment consists of immediate surgical debridement, broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment, and critical care management. Supportive hyperbaric oxygen therapy should be considered.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
0 Valid · 0 Not valid · 0 Not checked · 39 Own results and interpretations
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“At the time of admission, 52.7% of the patients received controlled respiration, 43.6% were already septic, and 27.3% showed hemodynamic instability, necessitating the application of vasopressors.”
§ Prognostic Aspects, Survival Rate, and Predisposing Risk Factors in Patients with Fournier's Gangrene and Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections: Evaluation of Clinical Outcome of 55 Patients > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“An increase in the mortality rate could be seen in patients with diabetes mellitus (20%), cardiac insufficiency (22.3%), a septic condition at presentation (33.3%), muscular involvement (38.9%), and above all if the abdomen was affected (47.1%) or the disease had already caused hemodynamic instability (46.7%).”
§ Prognostic Aspects, Survival Rate, and Predisposing Risk Factors in Patients with Fournier's Gangrene and Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections: Evaluation of Clinical Outcome of 55 Patients > Results
hedgedstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Patients with Fournier's gangrene did not show significant differences concerning any item compared to other localizations of NSTI ( table 1 ).”
§ Prognostic Aspects, Survival Rate, and Predisposing Risk Factors in Patients with Fournier's Gangrene and Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections: Evaluation of Clinical Outcome of 55 Patients > Results
plainn = 8 ·- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The typical crepitation was found in 73.6% of all cases.”
§ Prognostic Aspects, Survival Rate, and Predisposing Risk Factors in Patients with Fournier's Gangrene and Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections: Evaluation of Clinical Outcome of 55 Patients > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Approximately half (52.7%) of the patients showed predisposing factors, about a third (32.7%) of the patients had a cardiac insufficiency NYHA II and higher, and 27.3 and 25.4% suffered from diabetes mellitus and hypertension, respectively.”
§ Prognostic Aspects, Survival Rate, and Predisposing Risk Factors in Patients with Fournier's Gangrene and Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections: Evaluation of Clinical Outcome of 55 Patients > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
27 more claims
Create a free account to see all 39 claims and every source verdict.
- The quote only partly states this claim. 1
- It may state two separate claims as one. 3
- Probably not a substantial claim. 4
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated major: it would touch a result — a value a result rests on, reported and recomputed p-values on opposite sides of the significance level, two passages that conflict with no sign which is right, or a cited work retracted before this paper was published.
In the paper
§ Prognostic Aspects, Survival Rate, and Predisposing Risk Factors in Patients with Fournier's Gangrene and Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections: Evaluation of Clinical Outcome of 55 Patients > Results
“muscular involvement (77.8 vs. 4.34%, p ! 0.001).”
§ Prognostic Aspects, Survival Rate, and Predisposing Risk Factors in Patients with Fournier's Gangrene and Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections: Evaluation of Clinical Outcome of 55 Patients > Conclusion
“Muscular affection | 32.7% | n = 18”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“Hemodynamically unstable 27.3% | n = 15 | 20.0% | n = 2 | 27.6% | n = 13 | n.s. | |”
§ Prognostic Aspects, Survival Rate, and Predisposing Risk Factors in Patients with Fournier's Gangrene and Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections: Evaluation of Clinical Outcome of 55 Patients > Conclusion
Reported 20 · recomputed 25
Citations
Cites
Wong, C.-H., Khin, L.-W., Heng, K.-S., Tan, K.-C., & Low, C.-O. (2004) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.ccm.0000129486.35458.7d · Cited by 1,611
Determinants of Mortality for Necrotizing Soft-Tissue Infections
McHenry, C. R., Piotrowski, J. J., Petrinic, D., & Malangoni, M. A. (1995) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/00000658-199505000-00013 · Cited by 888
Necrotizing Soft-Tissue Infection: Diagnosis and Management
Goldstein, E. J. C., Anaya, D. A., & Dellinger, E. P. (2007) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/511638 · Cited by 862
Fournier's gangrene: a review of 1726 cases
Eke, N. (2000) · Journal of British Surgery · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2168.2000.01497.x · Cited by 813
The ACCP-SCCM Consensus Conference on Sepsis and Organ Failure
Bone, R. C., Sibbald, W. J., & Sprung, C. L. (1992) · Chest · doi:10.1378/chest.101.6.1481 · Cited by 738
HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCUS GANGRENE
MELENEY, F. L. (1924) · Archives of Surgery · doi:10.1001/archsurg.1924.01120080083007 · Cited by 586
Kaul, R., McGeer, A., Low, D. E., Green, K., Schwartz, B., & Simor, A. E. (1997) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0002-9343(97)00160-5 · Cited by 517
A Clinical and Experimental Study
PETERS, R. M., LORING, W. E., & SPRUNT, W. H. (1958) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/00000658-195812000-00002 · Cited by 502
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for necrotizing fasciitis reduces mortality and the need for debridements.
Riseman, J., Zamboni, W., Curtis, A., Graham, D., Konrad, H., & Ross, D. (1990) · Surgery · doi:10.5555/uri:pii:003960609090280f · Cited by 423
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for necrotizing fasciitis reduces mortality and the need for debridements.
Riseman, J., Zamboni, W. A., Curtis, A. B., et al. (1990) · PubMed · Cited by 411
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- 10.1097%2F00005392-199709000-00039 · DOI
Cited by
Etiology and Therapeutic Approach to Elevated Lactate Levels
Andersen, L. W., Mackenhauer, J., Roberts, J. C., Berg, K. M., Cocchi, M. N., & Donnino, M. W. (2013) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2013.06.012 · Cited by 731
“In Fournier gangrene and other types of necrotizing soft-tissue infections, lactate has been associated with mortality.(73-75)”
BackgroundCurrent Concepts in the Management of Necrotizing Fasciitis
Misiakos, E. P., Bagias, G., Patapis, P., Sotiropoulos, D., Kanavidis, P., & Machairas, A. (2014) · Frontiers in Surgery · doi:10.3389/fsurg.2014.00036 · Cited by 454
Fournier’s gangrene: our experience with 50 patients and analysis of factors affecting mortality
Benjelloun, E. B., Souiki, T., Yakla, N., et al. (2013) · World Journal of Emergency Surgery · doi:10.1186/1749-7922-8-13 · Cited by 163
“Despite of being a risk factor for FG and associated with a more progressive and fatal outcome (decreased phagocytic and intracellular bactericidal activity and neutrophil dysfunction), most reported studies along with our have failed to demonstrate the influence of DM on outcomes in FG [26-28].”
ResultFournier’s gangrene mortality: A 17-year systematic review and meta-analysis
El‐Qushayri, A. E., Khalaf, K. M., Dahy, A., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2019.12.030 · Cited by 162
Early Diagnosis and Surgical Treatment for Necrotizing Fasciitis: A Multicenter Study
Misiakos, E. P., Bagias, G., Papadopoulos, I. N., Danias, N., Patapis, P., Machairas, N., Karatzas, T., Arkadopoulos, N., Toutouzas, K. P., Alexakis, N., et al. (2017) · Frontiers in Surgery · doi:10.3389/fsurg.2017.00005 · Cited by 108
Prognostic factors in necrotizing soft-tissue infections (NSTI): A cohort study
Hua, C., Sbidian, É., Hémery, F., Decousser, J., Bosc, R., Amathieu, R., Rahmouni, A., Wolkenstein, P., Valeyrie‐Allanore, L., Brun‐Buisson, C., et al. (2015) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2015.08.054 · Cited by 95
The evaluation of microbiology and prognosis of fournier’s gangrene in past five years
Tang, L.-M., Su, Y., & Lai, Y.-C. (2015) · SpringerPlus · doi:10.1186/s40064-014-0783-8 · Cited by 90
“1 References (Martinschek et al. 2012) to (Ersoz et al. 2012).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialFournier Gangrene: A Review for Emergency Clinicians
Montrief, T., Long, B., Koyfman, A., & Auerbach, J. S. (2019) · Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jemermed.2019.06.023 · Cited by 94
Presentation and Diagnosis of Fournier Gangrene
Voelzke, B. B., & Hagedorn, J. C. (2017) · Urology · doi:10.1016/j.urology.2017.10.031 · Cited by 83
Fournier’s Gangrene Diagnosis and Treatment: A Systematic Review
Lewis, G. D., Majeed, M., Olang, C. A., Patel, A., Gorantla, V. R., Davis, N., & Gluschitz, S. (2021) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.18948 · Cited by 93
“7 % of the patients had pre-existing comorbidities such as diabetes, IV drug use, liver failure, and immune impairment [2,43].”
BackgroundValidation and simplification of F ournier's gangrene severity index
Lin, T., Ou, C., Tzai, T., et al. (2014) · International Journal of Urology · doi:10.1111/iju.12426 · Cited by 75
Auerbach, J. S., Bornstein, K., Ramzy, M. M., Cabrera, J. L., Montrief, T., & Long, B. (2020) · Open Access Emergency Medicine · doi:10.2147/oaem.s238699 · Cited by 90
Tenório, C. E. L., Lima, S. V. C., de Albuquerque, A. V., et al. (2018) · International braz j urol · doi:10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2017.0193 · Cited by 70
“Despite the broadly diverse microorganisms in the etiology, its treatment is unique in all cases, including emergency surgical removal of devitalized tissues, intravenous administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics, and rigorous clinical and hemodynamic support (9-13).”
BackgroundFournier's Gangrene: Review of 120 Patients and Predictors of Mortality
Yılmazlar, T., Işık, Ö., Öztürk, E., et al. (2014) · Turkish Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery · doi:10.5505/tjtes.2014.06870 · Cited by 66
Fournier’s Gangrene: Clinical Presentation of 13 Cases
Kuzaka, B., Wróblewska, M., Borkowski, T., et al. (2018) · Medical Science Monitor · doi:10.12659/msm.905836 · Cited by 64
Hong, K. S., Yi, H. J., Lee, R., et al. (2017) · International Wound Journal · doi:10.1111/iwj.12812 · Cited by 63
“According to previous studies, the incidence is 1:7500–1:750 000 people (2) or 1:25 000–1:250 000 people (8), and the mortality rate is 3–67% (2,9).”
BackgroundHyperbaric Oxygen Therapy as an Adjuvant Therapy for Comprehensive Treatment of Fournier's Gangrene
Li, C., Zhou, X., Liu, L., et al. (2015) · Urologia Internationalis · doi:10.1159/000366137 · Cited by 51
Predictors of mortality for necrotizing soft-tissue infections: a retrospective analysis of 64 cases
Krieg, A. H., Dizdar, L., Verde, P. E., & Knoefel, W. T. (2014) · Langenbeck s Archives of Surgery · doi:10.1007/s00423-014-1162-1 · Cited by 55
“There is some evidence that distinct laboratory values and vital signs on time of admission might have some prognostic impact in patients with NSTIs [12, 20, 22, 24].”
BackgroundInfluentialRectal cancer and Fournier’s gangrene - current knowledge and therapeutic options
Bruketa, T. (2015) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v21.i30.9002 · Cited by 48
Evaluation of LRINEC Scale Feasibility for Predicting Outcomes of Fournier Gangrene
Kinčius, M., Telksnys, T., Trumbeckas, D., et al. (2016) · Surgical Infections · doi:10.1089/sur.2015.076 · Cited by 48
“There are several factors and scoring systems that are used for the prediction of death in patients with FG. Diabetes mellitus as a significant risk factor for death has been mentioned in several publications [18–21].”
InfluentialLess is more? Antibiotic duration and outcomes in Fournier’s gangrene
Lauerman, M. H., Kolesnik, O., Sethuraman, K. N., et al. (2017) · The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care · doi:10.1097/ta.0000000000001562 · Cited by 43
Zhao, J., Zhang, B.-R., Shi, K., Zhang, X., Xie, C., Wang, J., Yu, Q., Gao, X., Hong, L., & Yu, J. (2017) · BMC Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1186/s12879-017-2907-6 · Cited by 42
Progress in Multidisciplinary Treatment of Fournier’s Gangrene
Zhang, K.-F., Shi, C.-X., Chen, S.-Y., & Wei, W. (2022) · Infection and Drug Resistance · doi:10.2147/idr.s390008 · Cited by 46
“The data show that about 52–88% of patients have at least one comorbidity.(37,38) Patients with Table 1 CUPI Scoring System.”
Andersson, A. E., Egerod, I., Knudsen, V. E., & Fagerdahl, A. (2018) · BMC Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1186/s12879-018-3355-7 · Cited by 42
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy decreases mortality due to Fournier’s gangrene
Féres, O., Feitosa, M. R., da Rocha, J. J. R., et al. (2021) · Medical Gas Research · doi:10.4103/2045-9912.310055 · Cited by 38
Predictors of Mortality and Limb Loss in Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections
Schwartz, S. I., Kightlinger, E., de Virgilio, C., et al. (2013) · The American Surgeon · doi:10.1177/000313481307901030 · Cited by 38
Shaikh, N., El-Menyar, A. A., Mudali, I. N., et al. (2015) · Annals of Medicine and Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.amsu.2015.09.005 · Cited by 35
Arora, A. M., Rege, S. A., Surpam, S., et al. (2019) · Urologia Internationalis · doi:10.1159/000495144 · Cited by 34
Practical Review of Necrotizing Fasciitis: Principles and Evidence-based Management
Guliyeva, G., Huayllani, M. T., Sharma, N., & Janis, J. E. (2024) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Global Open · doi:10.1097/gox.0000000000005533 · Cited by 41
Necrotizing Fasciitis and The Diabetic Foot
Iacopi, E., Coppelli, A., Goretti, C., & Piaggesi, A. (2015) · The International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds · doi:10.1177/1534734615606534 · Cited by 36
“Other associated conditions are reported in Table 1.(17) From the analysis of factors predisposing to NF, it can be clearly detected that diabetes mellitus not only represents an independent risk predictor but is also often associated to other risk factors, such as renal failure, heart failure, hypertension, or macroa…”
BackgroundZhao-Fleming, H. H., Wilkinson, J. E., Larumbe‐Zabala, E., Dissanaike, S., & Rumbaugh, K. P. (2019) · Apmis · doi:10.1111/apm.12969 · Cited by 29
Clostridium perfringens virulence factors are nonredundant activators of the NLRP3 inflammasome
Mathur, A., Kay, C., Xue, Y., Pandey, A., Lee, J., Jing, W., Tuipulotu, D. E., Pilato, J. L., Feng, S., Ngo, C., et al. (2023) · EMBO Reports · doi:10.15252/embr.202254600 · Cited by 30
“However, even with appropriate management, including surgical debridement of the affected limb and antibiotic treatment, mortality still exceeds 50% when myonecrosis is accompanied by bacteraemia (Martinschek et al, 2012; Stevens et al, 2012).”
BackgroundFournier gangrene: pictorial review
Wongwaisayawan, S., Krishna, S., Haroon, M. A., et al. (2020) · Abdominal Radiology · doi:10.1007/s00261-020-02549-9 · Cited by 24
The Prediction Predicament: Rethinking Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections Mortality
Moore, S. A., Levy, B., Prematilake, C., & Dissanaike, S. D. (2015) · Surgical Infections · doi:10.1089/sur.2015.002 · Cited by 23
“These infections are characterized by the potential for rapid progression, loss of limbs, and mortality rates as high as 76% [1], although most modern series report mortality between 10% and 25% [2–4].”
BackgroundAre anaerobes a major, underappreciated cause of necrotizing infections?
Zhao-Fleming, H. H., Dissanaike, S., & Rumbaugh, K. P. (2017) · Anaerobe · doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2017.04.012 · Cited by 21
Fournier's gangrene: not as lethal as previously thought? A case series
Heijkoop, B., Parker, N., & Spernat, D. (2018) · ANZ Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1111/ans.14760 · Cited by 16
Noegroho, B. S., Adi, K., Mustafa, A., Haq, R. S., Wijayanti, Z., & Liarto, J. (2021) · Asian journal of urology · doi:10.1016/j.ajur.2021.11.003 · Cited by 18
“[19] also found that nonsurvived FG patients had significantly lower mean systolic blood pressure (120.”
BackgroundTutino, R., Colli, F., Rizzo, G., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Surgery · doi:10.3389/fsurg.2022.850378 · Cited by 14
Definitive Wound Closure Techniques in Fournier's Gangrene
Lauerman, M. H., Kolesnik, O., Park, H., Buchanan, L. S., Chiu, W. C., Tesoriero, R., Stein, D. M., Scalea, T. M., & Henry, S. M. (2018) · The American Surgeon · doi:10.1177/000313481808400127 · Cited by 13
Shimizu, T., Harada, K., Akazawa, S., et al. (2014) · The Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/1346-8138.12514 · Cited by 10
Mpirimbanyi, C., Rickard, J., Furaha, C., et al. (2018) · World Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1007/s00268-018-4515-z · Cited by 10
Lau, C. H., Ling, L., Zhang, J. Z., Ng, P. Y., Chan, C. Y., Yeung, A. W. T., Fong, K. M., Chan, J. K. H., Au, G. K., Liong, T., et al. (2024) · BMC Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1186/s12879-024-09501-y · Cited by 8
“Our baseline demographics and comorbidity profile were similar to previous studies [11, 17, 18].”
BackgroundResultNecrotizing Soft Tissue Infections
Yeh, D. D., & Velmahos, G. C. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-48687-1_19 · Cited by 8
Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections
Yeh, D. D., & Velmahos, G. C. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-8501-8_17 · Cited by 8
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections: A Retrospective Study
Steiner, T., Seiffart, A., Schumann, J. E., et al. (2018) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-91287-5_42 · Cited by 8
Topuz, B. (2021) · Turkish Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery · doi:10.14744/tjtes.2021.50245 · Cited by 7
“A predisposing factor plays a role in development of FG in at least half of the patients and diabetes is prominent (20–70%) among these factors.[5,18] The higher prevalence of FG in diabetic patients can be explained by diabetic neuropathy, immune system deficits and vascular system damages.”
BackgroundFournier's Gangrene: Evaluation of Patient Outcomes Using Clinical Data and Prognostic Biomarkers
Uçaner, B., Kesikli, S. A., Buldanlı, M. Z., et al. (2023) · Journal of College of Physicians And Surgeons Pakistan · doi:10.29271/jcpsp.2023.03.275 · Cited by 7
Deep tissue infection of the perineum: Case report and literature review of Fournier gangrene.
Faria, S. N., & Helman, A. (2016) · PubMed · Cited by 7
Case report: treatment of Fournier's gangrene of the shoulder girdle
Filho, N. C., Patriota, G. S. Q. A., Falcão, R., et al. (2018) · Revista Brasileira de Ortopedia (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.rboe.2018.05.008 · Cited by 6
Practice Patterns in Fournier’s Gangrene in Europe and Implications for a Prospective Registry Study
Schneidewind, L., Kiss, B. M., Stangl, F. P., et al. (2023) · Antibiotics · doi:10.3390/antibiotics12020197 · Cited by 6
“Quality of life data about FG are also sparse [18,19], but they are vital for the patients [21].”
BackgroundRosén, A., Arnell, P., Madsen, M. B., et al. (2018) · Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/aas.13130 · Cited by 5
“Concomitant diabetes seems to be a negative prognostic factor among patients with NSTI with increased risk of death, amputation, and infectious complications.(22,23,25-27) Hyperglycemia could be a factor associated with outcome in diabetic patients with NSTI.”
BackgroundGangrena de Fournier. Reporte de caso
de Guevara, P. P. P. L., Rodríguez, G. C., & Castro, O. A. Q. (2020) · Revista de la Facultad de Medicina UNAM · doi:10.22201/fm.24484865e.2020.63.5.04 · Cited by 5
Bestari, M. G., Adi, K., & Mustafa, A. (2025) · The American Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2025.03.031 · Cited by 5
Прохоров, А. В. (2016) · Kazan medical journal · doi:10.17750/kmj2016-256 · Cited by 5
Fournier’s gangrene: a fulminant subcutaneous infection
Somville, F. J. M. P., Swerts, S., Vandamme, S., et al. (2016) · Acta chirurgica Belgica · doi:10.1080/00015458.2015.1128213 · Cited by 5
“Empirical broad spectrum consists of penicillin, metronidazole, and third-generation cephalosporin with or without gentamicin or aminoglycosides.[1,7,14] Coverage with fluconazole, vancomycin, or piperacillin–tazobactam is indicated when the patient is at risk for fungal or hospitalacquired organisms.”
BackgroundInfluentialCipriani, C., Iacovelli, V., Sandri, M. F., et al. (2021) · Urologia Journal · doi:10.1177/03915603211018441 · Cited by 5
Iacopi, E., Sbarbaro, C., Pieruzzi, L., Lorenzi, I., Baroni, L., Goretti, C., Malacarne, P., & Piaggesi, A. (2021) · The International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds · doi:10.1177/15347346211041452 · Cited by 4
Bilateral non‐contiguous necrotizing fasciitis of the lower extremities
Bender, S. T., Ganz, M. J., Mertens, P. R., & Gross, C. (2023) · Clinical Case Reports · doi:10.1002/ccr3.6873 · Cited by 4
Kırmusaoğlu, S., & Bhardwaj, S. B. (2019) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.78081 · Cited by 5
Effect of Sarcopenia on Mortality and Morbidity in Patients With Fournier’s Gangrene
Tazeoğlu, D., Benli, S., Esmer, A. C., Çolak, T., & Apaydın, F. D. (2023) · The American Surgeon · doi:10.1177/00031348231160840 · Cited by 4
Treatment outcome of Fournier's gangrene and its associated factors: A retrospective study
Al-Kohlany, K. M., Baker, K., Ahmed, F., et al. (2023) · Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia · doi:10.4081/aiua.2023.11318 · Cited by 4
Backed into a corner: damage control surgery in the rural or austere setting
Turner, J., & Wilson, A. M. (2024) · Trauma Surgery & Acute Care Open · doi:10.1136/tsaco-2024-001391 · Cited by 4
Fournier’s gangrene: outcome analysis of 62 consecutive cases
El-Shazly, M., Sultan, M., Salem, S. M., et al. (2014) · Journal of Clinical Urology · doi:10.1177/2051415813518331 · Cited by 3
Vishnoi, V., Chiam, H. C., & Liebenberg, P. (2018) · Journal of Tropical Diseases · doi:10.4172/2329-891x.1000285 · Cited by 3
“The overall mortality was 18%, which is within the “normal” documented mortality rates in the current literature (16%-34%) [6,7].”
BackgroundRelato de caso: tratamento da gangrena de Fournier na cintura escapular
Filho, N. C., Patriota, G. S. Q. A., Falcão, R., et al. (2017) · Revista Brasileira de Ortopedia · doi:10.1016/j.rbo.2017.03.016 · Cited by 3
Medikonda, E., Patil, A. V., Muchchandi, R., et al. (2025) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.83814 · Cited by 2
“…including diabetics, the elderly, and immunocompromised patients, as discussed by Cheng et al. [21], Hua et al. [22], and Martinschek et al. [23], respectively, while the comparison of POCUS with alternative imaging modalities (CT and MRI) revealed comparable or superior diagnostic…”
Necrotizing fasciitis with mediastinitis following snakebite envenomation
Banda, C. H., & N’gambi, C. (2019) · SAGE Open Medical Case Reports · doi:10.1177/2050313x18823090 · Cited by 2
FACTORES DE RIESGO ASOCIADOS A GANGRENA DE FOURNIER
Regalado-Altamirano, J. C. (2018) · Revista de la Facultad de Medicina Humana · doi:10.25176/rfmh.v18.n4.1736 · Cited by 2
Kuchewar, V. V. (2021) · Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jaim.2021.07.008 · Cited by 1
“The co-morbidities and risk factors are diabetes mellitus, alcohol abuse, immunodeficiency, obesity, and peripheral vascular disease [6,7].”
BackgroundFournier’s gangrene: 15-year retrospective study at a tertiary hospital
Vanguardia, M. K., Lew, C., Prabhakaran, S., et al. (2024) · BJS Open · doi:10.1093/bjsopen/zrae022 · Cited by 1
“Several studies have since published findings highlighting the necessity of early debridement 7,14,15 .”
BackgroundShehi, E., Andrea, G., Biberaj, P., et al. (2024) · Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.3889/oamjms.2024.11964 · Cited by 1
“[6] reported that patients with FG do not differ in all aspects from those with other NSTIs.”
Our experience in the management of Fournier’s gangrene – a single-center retrospective study
Hadzhiminev, V., Markov, G. E., Sarpanov, A., et al. (2025) · Folia Medica · doi:10.3897/folmed.67.e155274 · Cited by 1
Clinical comparison of fournier’s gangrene to other necrotizing soft tissue infections
Puckett, Y., Fisher, B. T., & Dissanaike, S. (2015) · Research Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.7243/2052-5958-3-1 · Cited by 1
“NSTIs spread fast, and are life threatening infections with mortality rates reported to be between 15-25% in literature [1,2,4,7-10,20].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSonographic Evaluation of Fournier’s Gangrene
Wampler, K., Bluedorn, E. A., & Michael, K. (2015) · Journal of diagnostic medical sonography · doi:10.1177/8756479315573322 · Cited by 1
“It is important for sonographers to remember that a patient with Fournier’s gangrene may be in severe pain and every effort should be made to ensure patient comfort and safety throughout the duration of the examination.(2,7,15) A high-frequency (8 MHz-15 MHz) linear array transducer should be selected to visualize the…”
BackgroundNecrotising fasciitis of the paranasal sinuses
Lim, R. Q. Q., Charn, T. C., Loke, D., et al. (2016) · European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology · doi:10.1007/s00405-016-4148-5 · Cited by 1
“A third of patients with NF, in general, do not survive [25, 26, 42], compared to mortality of 15 % of the patients in our review.”
Necrotizing soft tissue infections of perianal and perineal region - still lethal infection
Stanojević, G., Nestorović, M., Branković, B., et al. (2017) · Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo · doi:10.2298/sarh151217005s · Cited by 1
Use of serum lactate and serum sodium at admission to predict mortality in necrotising fasciitis
Sudhir, S. K., & Arora, R. (2018) · International Surgery Journal · doi:10.18203/2349-2902.isj20185041 · Cited by 1
Ghabisha, S. A., Ahmed, F., Al‐wageeh, S., et al. (2023) · Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia · doi:10.4081/aiua.2023.11450 · Cited by 1
Fournier Gangrene in Adolescent
Akselrov, M. A., Евдокимов, В. Н., Svazyan, V. V., et al. (2018) · Novosti hirurgii · doi:10.18484/2305-0047.2018.3.376 · Cited by 1
“Частота ГФ в нозологической структуре отделений хирургического профиля составляет 0,09-0,35% [7, 8].”
A Case of Fatal Clostridial Necrotizing Fasciitis After Radical Prostatectomy
Alkazemi, M. H., Brousell, S. C., Fantony, J. J., Tsivian, M., & Moul, J. W. (2018) · Urology · doi:10.1016/j.urology.2018.06.043 · Cited by 1
Necrotizing fasciitis: A case report
Lukanović, D., & Semenič, D. (2019) · European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2018.08.046 · Cited by 1
A Type 2 Diabetes Patient who Suffered with Fournier’s Gangrene
Husna, K., & Novida, H. (2021) · Current Internal Medicine Research and Practice Surabaya Journal · doi:10.20473/cimrj.v2i1.23806 · Cited by 1
Gangrena de Fournier en una mujer joven, reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura
Devia, M. C., Casilimas, G. A. G., Vera, A. M. R., et al. (2016) · Revista Médica Sanitas · Cited by 1
Soft Tissue Necrotizing Infection Due to Perforated Colon
Henry, S. M. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-42376-0_18
Necrotizing soft tissue infection in pregnancy
Nestorović, M., Stanojević, G., Pecić, V., et al. (2017) · Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo · doi:10.2298/sarh160519053n
“Meanwhile, infection spreads qickly, with the speed of 2–3 cm per hour in the anorectal region, as seen in this case – in less than 24 hours, infection spread more than 50 cm, from perianal region to the anterior chest wall [6, 15].”
BackgroundProhorov, A. V. (2017) · Journal of Experimental and Clinical Surgery · doi:10.18499/2070-478x-2016-9-3-231-246
FOURNIER’S GANGRENE: A MICROBIOLOGICAL OVERVIEW
Gopi, A., Vinoba, S., Neetha Murthy, S., et al. (2016) · Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences · doi:10.14260/jemds/2016/10
Misiakos, E. P., Zabras, N., Bagias, G., et al. (2016) · International Surgery · doi:10.9738/intsurg-d-14-00296.1
Novelli, M., Tosadori, A., Pilato, A., et al. (2020) · Gazzetta Medica Italiana Archivio per le Scienze Mediche · doi:10.23736/s0393-3660.19.04065-8
Fournier’s Gangrene of the Shoulder Girdle
Patriota, G. S. Q. A., Leite, L. M. B., Filho, N. C., et al. (2020) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.92385
Complex reconstruction after extreme Fournier’s gangrene; a case report
Dumitrache, S., Goman, L., Dutu, R., et al. (2020) · Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences · doi:10.22543/7674.72.p261264
“Another particularity of the case was that the patient did not present any of the comorbidities frequently associated with the FG, such as diabetes mellitus, obesity, immunosuppression, or chronic alcoholism [2,6-9].”
BackgroundFULMINANT SOFT TISSUE INFECTIONS CAUSED BY AEROBIC BACTERIA – A PARAMEDIC’S PERSPECTIVE
Szlagor, M. G., Bobiński, R., Mikulska, M., et al. (2021) · Emergency Medical Service · doi:10.36740/emems202101108
Necrotizing fasciitis at the extremities and its management
(2021) · American Journal of Dermatological Research and Reviews · doi:10.28933/ajodrr-2021-06-0106
Obadiel, M. H. A. Y. A. O. Y. A. (2021) · مجلة العلوم الطبية و الصيدلانية · doi:10.26389/ajsrp.s310521
The experience of treatment Furnier’s gangren complicated by peritonitis
Kislyakov, V. A., Malyuga, V. Y., Игоревич, Б. М., et al. (2019) · Wounds and wound infections The prof B M Kostyuchenok journal · doi:10.25199/2408-9613-2017-4-3-24-29
“С 1950 по 2016 год в литературе было описано около 3500 случаев заболевания [2, 5, 6].”
da Silva, L. P., Nunes, É. J. G., Crespo, T. S., Nolasco, T. F., Ramos, V. D. A., Novais, G. S., & de Souza, R. M. B. (2022) · Editora Omnis Scietia eBooks · doi:10.47094/978-65-5854-735-8/61-70
Comparison of two different surgical techniques in the treatment of Fournier’s Gangrene
Hasan Anıl, K. U. R. T., & Güven, E. O. (2022) · Health Sciences Quarterly · doi:10.26900/hsq.2.4.06
“Appropriate treatment is metronidazole for anaerobes, penicillin for streptococci, and third generation cephalosporins for gram-negatives [26].”
BackgroundA case of Fournier’s gangrene caused by Rothia dentocariosa
ÖNDER, T., Alkan, S., & Tezcan, S. (2023) · Iberoamerican Journal of Medicine · doi:10.53986/ibjm.2023.0012
“7% of all FG patients, despite the fact that there are numerous other risk factors [16].”
BackgroundClinical and microbiological evaluation in patients with Fournier’s gangrene
Grabińska, A., Durma, A. D., Michalczyk, Ł., et al. (2023) · Pediatria i Medycyna Rodzinna · doi:10.15557/pimr.2023.0039
Risk factors of Fournier’s gangrene associated with mortality in Sunpasittiprasong Hospital
Chotruangprasert, T., Hanprasertpong, T., & Oulansakoonchai, N. (2023) · Insight Urology · doi:10.52786/isu.a.72
Metadata
- Authors
- Martinschek, A., Evers, B., Lampl, L., Gerngroß, H., Schmidt, R., & Sparwasser, C.
- Affiliations
- Bundeswehrkrankenhaus Ulm (DE)
- ORCID
- Martinschek, A.
- Venue
- Urologia Internationalis
- Publisher
- S. Karger AG
- Published
- 2012
- Volume
- 89
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 173-179
- ISSN
- 0042-1138 (ISSN-L)
- 1423-0399
- OpenAlex
- W1979554200
- Semantic Scholar
- e5487587818a3f1ecfcbcd142e1edb8aee7bbc80
- Cited by
- 112
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 4
- FWCI
- 4.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- karger.com/pages/terms-and-conditions (vor)
- karger.com/pages/terms-and-conditions (tdm)
- Locations
- Urologia Internationalis (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Streptococcal Infections and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Otolaryngology and Infectious Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research
- Keywords
- Fournier's gangrene, necrotizing soft tissue infection, prognostic factors, mortality, risk factors, sepsis, hemodynamic instability, co-infection, diabetes mellitus, heart failure, abdominal involvement, perineal infection, creatine kinase, lactate, antithrombin III, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, surgical debridement, intensive care
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Critical Care, Debridement, Female, Hemodynamics, Humans, Hyperbaric Oxygenation, Male, Middle Aged, Necrosis, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Survival Rate, Treatment Outcome, Soft Tissue Infections, Fournier Gangrene, Coinfection
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-04, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-04 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
