The DOI matches its Crossref record; 90 of the 90 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Optimizing Exposure Therapy for Anxiety Disorders: An Inhibitory Learning and Inhibitory Regulation Approach
Open accessAbstract
Exposure-based cognitive-behavioral therapy is the treatment of choice for anxiety disorders. Unfortunately, many individuals fail to benefit from treatment or demonstrate a return of fear. Inhibitory learning and inhibitory regulation models provide a parsimonious and unifying framework from which to situate exposure therapy and provide useful strategies to augment exposure therapy, especially as individuals with anxiety disorders show inhibitory deficits. This paper provides an overview of our application of inhibitory learning from the science of extinction, and inhibitory regulation from the neuroscience of emotion regulation, to exposure therapy for anxiety disorders.
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“In general, exposure therapy is based on the assumption that phobic anxiety and fear are reduced by repeated exposure to feared or avoided stimuli, resulting in habituation and fear extinction by repeated violation of threat expectancy (62, 63).”
From Combined Fainting and Psychogenic Non-epileptic Seizures as Significant Therapy Hurdles in Blood-Injury-Injection Phobia: A Mini-Review and Case Report (2022) · cites this paper as [63]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Inhibitory learning is currently deemed the more suitable explanation model for anxiety disorders, especially since these patients display impaired inhibitory regulation and learning and thus extinction (63).”
From Combined Fainting and Psychogenic Non-epileptic Seizures as Significant Therapy Hurdles in Blood-Injury-Injection Phobia: A Mini-Review and Case Report (2022) · cites this paper as [63]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Exposure therapy, a potent behavioral treatment approach used in CBT, reduces anxiety by weakening learned associations between feared stimuli and negative outcomes, and strengthening inhibitory learning (i.e., a feared stimulus does not signal threat) (Craske, 2015).”
From Exposure Therapy Acceptability Among Pregnant Latinas With Anxiety: A Qualitative Content Analysis (2025) · cites this paper as Craske, 2015
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Citations
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Hinweise zur Arbeit am Symptom
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Emetophobie: Die krankhafte Angst vor dem Erbrechen erkennen, verstehen und behandeln
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Angststörungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter
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(2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-3-437-21835-4.00116-5
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“…extinction is not essential for later extinction in mice (Plendl and Wotjak 2010) or within-session extinction is not necessarily a good indicator of long-term fear reduction in patients subjected to PE therapy (Craske 2015; Craske et al. 2008; Sevenster et al. 2018; Sripada and Rauch 2015).”
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Penna, S. R., Gonzalez, S., Hammerman, E., Roebuck, C., Patel, S. A., Lock, E., Desmond, C., Fukunaga, Y., Maloy, G., & Cazares, V. A. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.01.18.700199
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Anorexie oder Knoten im Bauch? Wenn die Angst vor dem Erbrechen dahintersteckt
Metzner, M. S. (2026) · KJP up2date · doi:10.1055/a-2677-5444
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“Building on exposure-based principles, Craske [9] proposed optimizing exposure therapy through inhibitory learning mechanisms aimed at disconfirming threat expectations rather than merely reducing fear responses.”
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Psychotherapy and behavioral interventions
Wagner, K., Love, C., Zhou, J., Wiese, A. D., Onyeka, O. “., Goodman, W. K., & Storch, E. A. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-27446-6.00009-1
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“In adults, maximally violating negative expectations and progressively increasing periods of time between exposure trials would enhance recall of new information, thereby weakening trauma-related schemas 162 .”
Ghost Tourism as Emotional Coping: Fear Proneness as a Form of Self-Regulation
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Metadata
- Authors
- Craske, M.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Corresponding author
- Craske, Michelle
- ORCID
- Craske, Michelle
- Venue
- Verhaltenstherapie
- Publisher
- S. Karger AG
- Published
- 2015
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 134-143
- ISSN
- 1016-6262 (ISSN-L)
- 1423-0402
- OpenAlex
- W4294949187
- Cited by
- 124
- References
- 90
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 12.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Verhaltenstherapie (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- exposure therapy, anxiety disorders, inhibitory learning, extinction, emotion regulation, cognitive behavioral therapy, augmentation therapy, inhibitory deficits, return of fear
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