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The DOI matches its Crossref record; 79 of the 79 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Digoxin in Heart Failure with a Reduced Ejection Fraction: A Risk Factor or a Risk Marker?

Konstantinou, Dimitrios M., Karvounis, Haralambos, Giannakoulas, George·2016·Cardiology

Abstract

Digoxin is one of the oldest compounds used in cardiovascular medicine. Nevertheless, its mechanism of action and most importantly its clinical utility have been the subject of an endless dispute. Positive inotropic and neurohormonal modulation properties are attributed to digoxin, and it was the mainstay of heart failure therapeutics for decades. However, since the institution of β-blockers and aldosterone antagonists as part of modern heart failure medical therapy, digoxin prescription rates have been in free fall. The fact that digoxin is still listed as a valid therapeutic option in both American and European heart failure guidelines has not altered clinicians' attitude towards the drug. Since the publication of original Digitalis Investigation Group trial data, a series of reports based predominately on observational studies and post hoc analyses have raised concerns about the clinical efficacy and long-term safety of digoxin. In the present review, we will attempt a critical appraisal of the available clinical evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of digoxin in heart failure patients with a reduced ejection fraction. The methodological issues, strengths, and limitations of individual studies will be highlighted.

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Metadata

Authors
Konstantinou, D. M., Karvounis, H., & Giannakoulas, G.
Venue
Cardiology
Publisher
S. Karger AG
Published
2016
Volume
134
Issue
3
Pages
311-319
ISSN
  • 0008-6312 (ISSN-L)
  • 1421-9751
OpenAlex
W2340731691
Cited by
870
References
79
FWCI
45.57
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Digoxin in Heart Failure with a Reduced Ejection Fraction: A Risk Factor or a Risk Marker? https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1159/000444078
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Konstantinou, D. M., Karvounis, H., & Giannakoulas, G. (2016). Digoxin in Heart Failure with a Reduced Ejection Fraction: A Risk Factor or a Risk Marker? Cardiology. https://doi.org/10.1159/000444078

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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.