The DOI matches its Crossref record; 7 of the 7 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Guidelines for Growth Hormone and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Treatment in Children and Adolescents: Growth Hormone Deficiency, Idiopathic Short Stature, and Primary Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Deficiency
Open accessAbstract
Background/Aims: On behalf of the Drug and Therapeutics, and Ethics Committees of the Pediatric Endocrine Society, we sought to update the guidelines published in 2003 on the use of growth hormone (GH). Because idiopathic short stature (ISS) remains a controversial indication, and diagnostic challenges often blur the distinction between ISS, GH deficiency (GHD), and primary IGF-I deficiency (PIGFD), we focused on these three diagnoses, thereby adding recombinant IGF-I therapy to the GH guidelines for the first time. Methods: This guideline was developed following the GRADE approach (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation). Results: This guideline provides recommendations for the clinical management of children and adolescents with growth failure from GHD, ISS, or PIGFD using the best available evidence. Conclusion: The taskforce suggests that the recommendations be applied in clinical practice with consideration of the evolving literature and the risks and benefits to each individual patient. In many instances, careful review highlights areas that need further research.
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In the citing paper
“The current guidelines for GHD testing in children and adolescents recommend priming prepubertal children of pubertal age with sex steroids before provocative GH testing to better differentiate GHD from constitutional delay (26); this recommendation is based largely on observational data in boys.”
From Diagnosis of GH Deficiency as a Late Effect of Radiotherapy in Survivors of Childhood Cancers (2018) · cites this paper as [26]
In the citing paper
“Previous consensus guidelines suggest that a peak stimulated GH concentration <10 μg/L indicates the presence of GHD in children. However, this threshold value does not take into account sex, age, BMI, or the specific stimulation test used.9,81,92”
In the citing paper
“However, GH replacement may also unmask underlying cortisol or thyroid hormone insufficiencies, necessitating close monitoring of the adequacy of glucocorticoid and thyroid hormone replacement following initiation of GH therapy.9,77,81”
In the citing paper
“It is important to note that oral estrogen-based contraceptives may reduce the effects of GH replacement therapy in women.77,81,107”
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Citations
Cites
Grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations
(2004) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.328.7454.1490 · Cited by 8,477
Molitch, M. E., Clemmons, D. R., Malozowski, S., Merriam, G. R., & Vance, M. L. (2011) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2011-0179 · Cited by 1,047
Growth hormone deficiency in adulthood and the effects of growth hormone replacement: a review
Carroll, P. V., Christ the members of Growth Hormon, E. R., Bengtsson, B. Å., Carlsson, L., Christiansen, J. S., Clemmons, D., Hintz, R., Ho, K., Laron, Z., Sizonenko, P., et al. (1998) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.83.2.4594 · Cited by 822 · cited 1×
“Adults with GHD have reduced cardiac mass and impaired cardiac performance, unfavorable lipid profiles, increased body fat, reduced fibrinolytic activity, decreased insulin sensitivity, premature atherosclerosis, and impaired glucose tolerance [19-21].”
BackgroundSensitivity and specificity of six tests for the diagnosis of adult GH deficiency
Biller, B. M. K., Samuels, M. H., Zagar, A., Cook, D. M., Arafah, B. M., Bonert, V., Stavrou, S., Kleinberg, D. L., Chipman, J. J., & Hartman, M. L. (2002) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.87.5.8509 · Cited by 423
Cutfield, W. S., Wilton, P., Bennmarker, H., Albertsson-Wikland, K., Chatelain, P., Ranke, M. B., & Price, D. A. (2000) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(99)04055-6 · Cited by 318
Long-term safety of recombinant human growth hormone in children
Bell, J., Parker, K. L., Swinford, R. D., Hoffman, A. R., Maneatis, T., & Lippe, B. (2010) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2009-0178 · Cited by 301
Maghnie, M., Aimaretti, G., Bellone, S., Bona, G., Bellone, J., Baldelli, R., de Sanctis, C., Gargantini, L., Gastaldi, R., Ghizzoni, L., et al. (2005) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje.1.01873 · Cited by 101
Cited by
Kim, J. H., Yun, S., Hwang, S.-S., Shim, J. O., Chae, H. W., Lee, Y. J., Lee, J. H., Kim, S. C., Lim, D., Yang, S. W., et al. (2018) · Korean Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.3345/kjp.2018.61.5.135 · Cited by 638
Sklar, C. A., Antal, Z., Chemaitilly, W., Cohen, L. E., Follin, C., Meacham, L. R., & Murad, M. H. (2018) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2018-01175 · Cited by 224
Self-citationClinical practice guidelines for the care of girls and women with Turner syndrome.
Gravholt, C. H., Andersen, N. H., Christin-Maitre, S., Davis, S. M., Duijnhouwer, A., Gawlik, A., Maciel-Guerra, A. T., Gutmark-Little, I., Fleischer, K., Hong, D., et al. (2024) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1093/ejendo/lvae050 · Cited by 224
Safety and efficacy of pediatric growth hormone therapy: results from the full KIGS cohort
Maghnie, M., Ranke, M. B., Geffner, M. E., Vlachopapadopoulou, E., Ibáñez, L., Carlsson, M., Cutfield, W., Rooman, R., Gomez, R., Wajnrajch, M. P., et al. (2022) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgac517 · Cited by 120
Self-citationBoguszewski, M. C. S., Boguszewski, C. L., Chemaitilly, W., Cohen, L. E., Gebauer, J., Higham, C., Hoffman, A. R., Polak, M., Yuen, K. C. J., Alos, N., et al. (2022) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje-21-1186 · Cited by 117
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Grimberg, A., DiVall, S. A., Polychronakos, C., Allen, D. B., Cohen, L. E., Quintos, J. B., Rossi, W. C., Feudtner, C., Murad, M. H., & on behalf of the Drug and Therapeutics Committee and Ethics Committee of the Pediatric Endocrine Society
- Venue
- Hormone Research in Paediatrics
- Publisher
- S. Karger AG
- Published
- 2016
- Volume
- 86
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 361-397
- ISSN
- 1663-2818 (ISSN-L)
- 1663-2826
- OpenAlex
- W2555766993
- Cited by
- 697
- References
- 7
- FWCI
- 43.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Guidelines for Growth Hormone and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Treatment in Children and Adolescents: Growth Hormone Deficiency, Idiopathic Short Stature, and Primary Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Deficiency. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1159/000452150
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- Grimberg, A., DiVall, S. A., Polychronakos, C., Allen, D. B., Cohen, L. E., Quintos, J. B., Rossi, W. C., Feudtner, C., Murad, M. H., & on behalf of the Drug and Therapeutics Committee and Ethics Committee of the Pediatric Endocrine Society. (2016). Guidelines for Growth Hormone and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Treatment in Children and Adolescents: Growth Hormone Deficiency, Idiopathic Short Stature, and Primary Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Deficiency. Hormone Research in Paediatrics. https://doi.org/10.1159/000452150
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Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
