A Five-Year Prospective Study of the Health of Children in Different Ethnic Groups, with Particular Reference to the Effect of Inbreeding
Abstract
A 5-year prospective study of 4,934 children of different ethnic groups has demonstrated a 3-fold increase of postneonatal mortality and childhood morbidity in the offspring of consanguineous Pakistani parents. Most of these families contained more than one consanguineous union, resulting in a mean inbreeding coefficient for their children of 0.0686. It is estimated that 60% of the mortality and severe morbidity of this group of children could be eliminated if inbreeding ceased. However consanguinity is much favoured in this minority group, and health education will have to be carefully and sensitively handled.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Cites
Biometry: The Principles and Practice of Statistics in Biological Research
Sokal, R. R., & Rohlf, F. J. (1969) · Cited by 20,963 · see citing works
AN ESTIMATE OF THE MUTATIONAL DAMAGE IN MAN FROM DATA ON CONSANGUINEOUS MARRIAGES
Morton, N. E., Crow, J. F., & Muller, H. J. (1956) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.42.11.855 · Cited by 798 · see citing works
Jacobs, P. A., Browne, C. E., Gregson, N., Joyce, C. M., & White, H. (1992) · Journal of Medical Genetics · doi:10.1136/jmg.29.2.103 · Cited by 419 · see citing works
Birth Counts: Statistics of Pregnancy and Childbirth
Macfarlane, A., Mugford, M., & Surveys (1984) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Sudden infant death syndrome and postneonatal mortality in immigrants in England and Wales.
Balarajan, R., Raleigh, V. S., & Botting, B. (1989) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.298.6675.716 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Shami, S. A., Schmitt, L. H., & Bittles, A. H. (1989) · Journal of Medical Genetics · doi:10.1136/jmg.26.4.267 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Race, consanguinity and social features in Birmingham babies: a basis for prospective study.
Bundey, S., Alam, H., Kaur, A., et al. (1990) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.44.2.130 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Self-citationConsanguinity and complex cardiac anomalies with situs ambiguus.
Gatrad, A. R., Read, A., & Watson, G. H. (1984) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/adc.59.3.242 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Bundey, S., Webb, T., Thake, A., et al. (1985) · Journal of Medical Genetics · doi:10.1136/jmg.22.4.258 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Self-citationWhy do UK‐born Pakistani babies have high perinatal and neonatal mortality rates?
Bundey, S., Alam, H., Kaur, A., et al. (1991) · Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-3016.1991.tb00689.x · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Self-citationYoung, I. D., & Clarke, M. (1987) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.295.6590.89 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
AN EPIDEMIOLOGIC APPROACH TO THE EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF INBREEDING ON PREREPRODUCTIVE MORTALITY
Khoury, M. J., Cohen, B. H., Chase, G. A., & DIOMOND, E. L. (1987) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114524 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
RE: “SIMPLE ESTIMATION OF POPULATION ATTRIBUTABLE RISK FROM CASE-CONTROL STUDIES”
Levin, M. L., & Bertell, R. (1978) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112590 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
A regional register of early childhood impairments: a discussion paper
Johnson, A., & King, R. M. (1989) · Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.pubmed.a042490 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Perinatal mortality in different ethnic groups.
Chitty, L. S., & Winter, R. M. (1989) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/adc.64.7.1036 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Balarajan, R., Raleigh, V. S., & Botting, B. (1989) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/adc.64.10.1457 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
A Health Profile of Britain’s Ethnic Minorities
Balarajan, R., & Raleigh, V. S. (1992) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-349-12203-5_7 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
A Prospective Study on the Health of Birmingham Babies in Different Ethnic Groups: Interim Findings
Bundey, S. (1992) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-349-12203-5_8 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Health and population effects of rare gene knockouts in adult humans with related parents
Narasimhan, V. M., Hunt, K. A., Mason, D., Baker, C. L., Karczewski, K. J., Barnes, M. R., Barnett, A. H., Bates, C., Bellary, S., Bockett, N. A., et al. (2016) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aac8624 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
Quantification of homozygosity in consanguineous individuals with autosomal recessive disease
Woods, C. G., Cox, J., Springell, K., Hampshire, D. J., Mohamed, M. D., McKibbin, M., Stern, R., Raymond, F. L., Sandford, R., Malik Sharif, S., et al. (2006) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1086/503875 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
- Authors
- Bundey, S., & Alam, H.
- Affiliations
- University of Birmingham (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Bundey, Sarah
- Venue
- European Journal of Human Genetics
- Published
- 1993
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 206-219
- ISSN
- 1018-4813 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-5438
- OpenAlex
- W2419330183
- Cited by
- 156
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 3.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- European Journal of Human Genetics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Global Maternal and Child Health
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Maternal and Neonatal Healthcare
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Marriage and Family Dynamics
- Keywords
- consanguinity, inbreeding, inbreeding coefficient, postneonatal mortality, child morbidity, ethnic groups, Pakistani children, health education
- MeSH terms
- Congenital Abnormalities, Bangladesh, Child, Preschool, Consanguinity, Cross-Cultural Comparison, England, Humans, India, Infant, Infant Mortality, Intellectual Disability, Pakistan, Prospective Studies, Caribbean Region, Genetic Diseases, Inborn, Black People, White People
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
