Statins Decrease Toll-Like Receptor 4 Expression and Downstream Signaling in Human CD14 + Monocytes
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Objective— Anti-inflammatory effects of statins contribute to their clinical benefit. Molecular mechanisms underlying these effects have not been well explored. Because statins attenuate lipopolysaccharide (LPS) responsiveness, we hypothesized that part of the pleiotropic effects are mediated through innate immunity. Methods and Results— Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 expression and downstream signaling in CD14 + monocytes after incubation with simvastatin and atorvastatin were quantified via flow-cytometry, quantitative RT-PCR, kinase assay, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Incubation with intermediates/ inhibitors of the mevalonate pathway was used to identify the mode of statin action. Statin incubation resulted in a dose-dependent reduction of TLR4 expression (53±7.6% reduction compared with untreated monocytes; P <0.005), transcript levels (68±6.3%; P <0.002), decreased IRAK phosphorylation (37±8.3%; P <0.05), and LPS-induced IL-6, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and B7-1 expression ( P <0.05). Four weeks of treatment with atorvastatin significantly reduced TLR4 expression on circulating CD14 + monocytes by 36.2±4.2% ( P <0.05). Effects of statins were reversed by mevalonate ( P =0.57). Incubation with specific inhibitors of geranylgeranyltransferase (54±4.3%), farnesyltransferase (57±5.1%), or with clostridium-difficile toxin B (58±6.1%, P <0.01) imitated the statin effects. Whereas wortmannin and LY294002 inhibited the statin effect ( P =0.27), incubation with a specific RhoA kinase inhibitor had no effect ( P =0.57). Conclusions— Statins influence TLR4 expression and signaling via inhibition of protein geranylgeranylation and farnesylation. These observations imply interactions with innate immunity as one pleiotropic mechanism.
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Atorvastatin down-regulates TLR4 expression in human CD14+ monocytes.
“A similar effect was also observed in human CD14+ monocytes treated with atorvastatin, whereby TLR 4 expression was significantly down-regulated (Methe et al., 2005).”
From Atorvastatin Reduces the Survival of Candida albicans-Infected BALB/c Mice (2015) · cites this paper as Methe et al., 2005
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- Authors
- Methe, H., Kim, J.-O., Kofler, S., Nabauer, M., & Weis, M.
- Affiliations
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (DE)
- From the Department of Cardiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
- Venue
- Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology
- Published
- 2005-07
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1439-1445
- ISSN
- 1079-5642 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4636
- OpenAlex
- W2143835519
- Cited by
- 172
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 4.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Pfizer
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- Keywords
- statins, simvastatin, atorvastatin, TLR4, CD14+ monocytes, innate immunity, lipopolysaccharide, mevalonate pathway, geranylgeranylation, farnesylation, geranylgeranyltransferase inhibitors, farnesyltransferase inhibitors, Clostridium difficile toxin B, anti-inflammatory activity, cytokine expression
- MeSH terms
- Atorvastatin, Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors, Adult, Bacterial Proteins, Bacterial Toxins, Cells, Cultured, Drug Interactions, Female, Heptanoic Acids, Humans, Lipopolysaccharides, Male, Middle Aged, Monocytes, Protein Kinases, Pyrroles, RNA, Messenger, Signal Transduction, Gene Expression, Cytokines, Protein Prenylation, B7-1 Antigen, Lipopolysaccharide Receptors, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine, Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases, Protein Kinase Inhibitors, Toll-Like Receptor 4, Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinases
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