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Human HDL cholesterol levels are determined by apoA-I fractional catabolic rate, which correlates inversely with estimates of HDL particle size. Effects of gender, hepatic and lipoprotein lipases, triglyceride and insulin levels, and body fat distribution.
Open accessAbstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (HDL-C) levels are a strong inverse predictor of atherosclerosis risk, but the physiological determinants of HDL-C levels are poorly understood. We selected 57 human subjects (30 women and 27 men) with a broad range of HDL-C levels and performed turnover studies of apolipoprotein (apo)A-I and apoA-II, the two major apolipoproteins of HDL, to measure the fractional catabolic rate (FCR) and production or transport rate (TR) of these proteins. We also measured several other parameters known to correlate with HDL-C levels to test for their interrelations and to postulate mechanisms of regulation of HDL-C levels. As expected, the women had higher levels of HDL-C (56.7 +/- 21.4 versus 45.1 +/- 16.3 mg/dL, mean +/- SD; P = .03) and apoA-I (147 +/- 32 versus 126 +/- 29 mg/dL, P = .01) than men and did not differ in apoA-II levels (34.5 +/- 7.4 versus 33.3 +/- 7.5 mg/dL, P > .2). The FCR of apoA-I tended to be lower in the women (0.248 +/- 0.077 versus 0.277 +/- 0.069 pools/d, P = .1), although the difference was not statistically significant. The FCR of apoA-II was also lower (0.184 +/- 0.043 versus 0.216 +/- 0.056 pools/d, P = .02). In contrast, the apoA-I TR was equal in women and men (12.0 +/- 1.6 versus 12.1 +/- 2.8 mg/kg per day, P > .2), and there was a trend toward lower apoA-II TR in women (2.19 +/- .62 versus 2.61 +/- 1.06 mg/kg per day, P = .07). Linear regression analysis revealed a strong inverse correlation between HDL-C levels and the FCRs of apoA-I and apoA-II (r = -.81 and -.76, respectively; P < .0001 for both). In contrast, there was little or no association between HDL-C and the TRs of apoA-I and apoA-II (r = .06 and -.35, P = not significant and .01, respectively). In stepwise multiple linear regression analysis, apoA-I FCR alone accounted for 66% of the variability in HDL-C; two other variables accounted for an additional 7%. Due to the importance of apoA-I FCR, its determinants were sought among the remaining variables.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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“Small HDL in hypertriglyceridemia is associated with hypercatabolism of apolipoprotein A-I (47, 48), and it seems to be related to elevated hepatic lipase activity in central obesity and insulin resistance (49).”
From Evaluation and Treatment of Hypertriglyceridemia: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline (2012) · cites this paper as [48]
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“These data suggest that catabolism rather than production is the major determinant of HDL apoA-I levels, as suggested by previous studies (43)(44)(45).”
From Plasma turnover of HDL apoC-I, apoC-III, and apoE in humans (2003) · cites this paper as [45]
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Cites
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Self-citation
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Cited by
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New Insights Into the Regulation of HDL Metabolism and Reverse Cholesterol Transport
Lewis, G. F., & Rader, D. J. (2005) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.0000170946.56981.5c · Cited by 1,104
Evaluation and Treatment of Hypertriglyceridemia: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline
Berglund, L., Brunzell, J. D., Goldberg, A. C., Goldberg, I. J., Sacks, F., Murad, M. H., & Stalenhoef, A. F. H. (2012) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2011-3213 · Cited by 887
“Small HDL in hypertriglyceridemia is associated with hypercatabolism of apolipoprotein A-I (47, 48), and it seems to be related to elevated hepatic lipase activity in central obesity and insulin resistance (49).”
InfluentialAndrogens and Coronary Artery Disease
Wu, F. C. W., & von Eckardstein, A. (2003) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2001-0025 · Cited by 596
Nicotinic acid: the broad‐spectrum lipid drug. A 50th anniversary review
Carlson, L. A. (2005) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2005.01528.x · Cited by 591
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Metadata
- Authors
- Brinton, E. A., Eisenberg, S., & Breslow, J. L.
- Affiliations
- Rockefeller University (US)
- Venue
- Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis: A Journal of Vascular Biology
- Published
- 1994-05
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 707-720
- ISSN
- 1049-8834 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2155588817
- Cited by
- 265
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 16.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis A Journal of Vascular Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Pew Charitable Trusts
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
- National Institutes of Health (5r01hl033714-17, 5r37hl036461-09)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL 33714, R01HL032435, HL-36461, HL32435)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Lipid metabolism and disorders
- Keywords
- HDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein A-I, apolipoprotein A-II, fractional catabolic rate, HDL particle size, sex differences, hepatic lipase, lipoprotein lipase, triglycerides, insulin, body fat distribution, atherosclerosis risk
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Insulin, Lipase, Lipoprotein Lipase, Lipoproteins, HDL, Cholesterol, HDL, Liver, Male, Middle Aged, Particle Size, Regression Analysis, Sex Factors, Triglycerides, Apolipoprotein A-I, Apolipoprotein A-II
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