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Effects of HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors on Endothelial Function: Role of Microdomains and Oxidative Stress
Open accessAbstract
Certain pleiotropic activities reported for 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors (statins) are related to reductions in cellular cholesterol biosynthesis and isoprenoid levels. In endothelial cells, these metabolic changes contribute to favorable effects on nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. Given the essential role of NO in preserving vascular structure and function, this effect of statins is of considerable therapeutic importance. Statins have been demonstrated to restore endothelial NO production by several mechanisms, including upregulating endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) protein expression and blocking formation of reactive oxygen species. In this article, we will discuss additional ways in which statins restore endothelial NO production and improve endothelial function. (1) Statins modulate membrane microdomain formation, resulting in reduced expression of proteins that specifically inhibit eNOS activation. (2) Statins reduce sterol biosynthesis, thus interfering with the formation of pathologic microdomains, including cholesterol crystalline structures. This observation has important implications for plaque stabilization, as these microdomains contribute to cholesterol crystal formation and endothelial apoptosis. Finally, (3) statins improve endothelial function by interfering with oxidative stress pathways through both enzymatic and nonenzymatic mechanisms. The relationships between membrane microdomains, cholesterol biosynthesis, and endothelial function will be discussed.
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“Statins and angiotensin type 1 receptor blockers have been shown to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation, improving endothelial function.”
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“Statins and angiotensin type 1 (AT-1) receptor blockers are widely used in preventing CVD and diabetic complications, and it has been suggested that many of their ancillary effects are due to strong intracellular antioxidant activity.”
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“Statins and AT-1 receptor inhibitors work as antioxidant in different ways.”
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“Statins and AT-1 receptor blockers protect endothelial function and reduce inflammation in diabetic and nondiabetic subjects, and these effects are convincingly mediated through their intracellular antioxidant activity.”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Mason, R. P., Walter, M. F., & Jacob, R. F.
- Affiliations
- From the Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine (R.P.M.), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; and the Cardiovascular Research Group (R.P.M., M.F.W., R.F.J.), Elucida Research LLC, Beverly, Mass.
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Venue
- Circulation
- Published
- 2004-06
- Volume
- 109
- Issue
- 21_suppl_1
- Pages
- II34-41
- ISSN
- 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4539
- OpenAlex
- W2148580947
- Cited by
- 175
- References
- 82
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 10.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Circulation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- American Heart Association
- Pfizer
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
- National Eye Institute
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
- Keywords
- statins, endothelial function, nitric oxide bioavailability, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, lipid rafts, cholesterol biosynthesis, terpenoids, cholesterol crystals, oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species, endothelial cell apoptosis, plaque stabilization
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Arteriosclerosis, Cholesterol, Crystallization, Endothelium, Vascular, Humans, Nitric Oxide, Oxidative Stress, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, Membrane Microdomains
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