Cited by 1,885Peripheral Artery Disease ManagementVascular Procedures and ComplicationsHealthcare Systems and Public Health

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 28 of the 28 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Peripheral Arterial Disease in the United States: Results From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2000

Selvin, Elizabeth, Erlinger, Thomas P.·2004·Circulation

DOI 10.1161/01.cir.0000137913.26087.f0

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Background— Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality and is an important marker of subclinical coronary heart disease. However, estimates of PAD prevalence in the general US population have varied widely. Methods and Results— We analyzed data from 2174 participants aged 40 years and older from the 1999–2000 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. PAD was defined as an ankle-brachial index <0.90 in either leg. The prevalence of PAD among adults aged 40 years and over in the United States was 4.3% (95% CI 3.1% to 5.5%), which corresponds to ≈5 million individuals (95% CI 4 to 7 million). Among those aged 70 years or over, the prevalence was 14.5% (95% CI 10.8% to 18.2%). In age- and gender-adjusted logistic regression analyses, black race/ethnicity (OR 2.83, 95% CI 1.48 to 5.42) current smoking (OR 4.46, 95% CI 2.25 to 8.84), diabetes (OR 2.71, 95% CI 1.03 to 7.12), hypertension (OR 1.75, 95% CI 0.97 to 3.13), hypercholesterolemia (OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.09 to 2.57), and low kidney function (OR 2.00, 95% CI 1.08 to 3.70) were positively associated with prevalent PAD. More than 95% of persons with PAD had 1 or more cardiovascular disease risk factors. Elevated fibrinogen and C-reactive protein levels were also associated with PAD. Conclusions— This study provides nationally representative prevalence estimates of PAD in the United States, revealing that PAD affects more than 5 million adults. PAD prevalence increases dramatically with age and disproportionately affects blacks. The vast majority of individuals with PAD have 1 or more cardiovascular disease risk factors that should be targeted for therapy.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1161/01.cir.0000137913.26087.f0

Cites

28 of 28 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults: The evidence report
(1998) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e565682010-001 · Cited by 9,453
National Kidney Foundation practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease: evaluation, classification, and stratification
Levey, A. S., Coresh, J., Balk, E., Kausz, A. T., Levin, A., Steffes, M. W., Hogg, R. J., Perrone, R. D., Lau, J., & Eknoyan, G. (2003) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-139-2-200307150-00013 · Cited by 4,615
Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine.
(1984) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-101-3-415_3 · Cited by 4,119
Peripheral Arterial Disease Detection, Awareness, and Treatment in Primary Care
Hirsch, A. T. (2001) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.286.11.1317 · Cited by 2,835
Mortality over a Period of 10 Years in Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease
Criqui, M. H., Langer, R. D., Fronek, A., Feigelson, H. S., Klauber, M. R., McCann, T. J., & Browner, D. (1992) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199202063260605 · Cited by 2,579
Diabetes and Vascular Disease
Creager, M. A., Lüscher, T. F., of, P. W. T. A., Cosentino, F., & Beckman, J. A. (2003) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000091257.27563.32 · Cited by 1,675
Novel Risk Factors for Systemic Atherosclerosis
Ridker, P. M., Stampfer, M. J., & Rifai, N. (2001) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.285.19.2481 · Cited by 1,290
Ankle-arm index as a marker of atherosclerosis in the Cardiovascular Health Study. Cardiovascular Heart Study (CHS) Collaborative Research Group.
Newman, A. B., Siscovick, D. S., Manolio, T. A., Polak, J. F., Fried, L. P., Borhani, N. O., & Wolfson, S. K. (1993) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.88.3.837 · Cited by 1,150
Medical treatment of peripheral arterial disease and claudication
Hiatt, W. R. (2001) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200105243442108 · Cited by 1,121
Peripheral arterial disease in people with diabetes
American Diabetes Association (2003) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.26.12.3333 · Cited by 953

Show all 28 references

Research works printed but not linked: 4

10.1161/atvb.19.3.538 · DOI
10.1161/circ.88.3.8353913 · DOI
1982, Surgery, 91, 686
10.1161/atvb.16.12.1495 · DOI

Sorted by citations

Items 101–200 of 1,002

Missed Opportunities
Subherwal, S., Patel, M. R., Køber, L., Peterson, E. D., Jones, W. S., Gislason, G., Berger, J. S., Torp-Pedersen, C. T., & Fosbøl, E. L. (2012) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.112.108787 · Cited by 168
Identification of genomic differences among peripheral arterial beds in atherosclerotic and healthy arteries
Steenman, M., Espitia, O., Maurel, B., Guyomarch, B., Heymann, M., Pistorius, M., Ory, B., Heymann, D., Houlgatte, R., Gouëffic, Y., et al. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-22292-y · Cited by 176
Regional intensity of vascular care and lower extremity amputation rates
Goodney, P. P., Holman, K., Henke, P. K., Travis, L. L., Dimick, J. B., Stukel, T. A., Fisher, E. S., & Birkmeyer, J. D. (2013) · Journal of Vascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2012.11.068 · Cited by 162
Peripheral arterial disease: Epidemiology, natural history, diagnosis and treatment
Dhaliwal, G., & Mukherjee, D. (2007) · International Journal of Angiology · doi:10.1055/s-0031-1278244 · Cited by 163
“5% for the ages of 70 years and older (1).”
BackgroundMethod
Tibial Artery Calcification as a Marker of Amputation Risk in Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease
Guzman, R. J., Brinkley, D. M., Schumacher, P. M., Donahue, R. M. J., Beavers, H., & Qin, X. (2008) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2007.12.058 · Cited by 165
Overviews of Pathogen Emergence: Which Pathogens Emerge, When and Why?
Cleaveland, S., Haydon, D. T., & Taylor, L. H. (2007) · Current topics in microbiology and immunology · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-70962-6_5 · Cited by 161
Update on guidelines for the treatment of chronic musculoskeletal pain
Schnitzer, T. J. (2006) · Clinical Rheumatology · doi:10.1007/s10067-006-0203-8 · Cited by 158
“The multimodal combination of paracetamol plus tramadol is an effective and well-tolerated choice for most patients with moderate-to-severe LBP, including elderly patients who are often renally impaired and/or at increased cardiovascular risk [36].”
Background
Risk factors, medical therapies and perioperative events in limb salvage surgery: Observations from the PREVENT III multicenter trial
Conte, M. S., Bandyk, D. F., Clowes, A. W., Moneta, G. L., Namini, H., & Seely, L. (2005) · Journal of Vascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2005.05.001 · Cited by 154
Usual blood pressure, peripheral arterial disease, and vascular risk: cohort study of 4.2 million adults
Emdin, C. A., Anderson, S. G., Callender, T., Conrad, N., Salimi‐Khorshidi, G., Mohseni, H., Woodward, M., & Rahimi, K. (2015) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.h4865 · Cited by 166
Predictors of cognitive impairment and dementia in older people with diabetes
Bruce, D. G., Davis, W. A., Casey, G. P., STARKSTEIN, S. E., Clarnette, R., Foster, J. K., Almeida, O. P., & Davis, T. M. E. (2007) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-007-0894-7 · Cited by 150
“PAD assessed by the ankle/brachial index indicates the presence of severe, diffuse atherosclerosis and PAD has an increased prevalence in diabetes [32].”
Method
Analysis of gender-related differences in lower extremity peripheral arterial disease
Egorova, N., Vouyouka, A. G., Quin, J. A., Guillerme, S., Moskowitz, A. J., Marin, M. M., & Faries, P. L. (2009) · Journal of Vascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2009.09.006 · Cited by 149
Blood Oxygenation Level–Dependent Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Skeletal Muscle in Patients With Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease
Ledermann, H. P., Schulte, A., Heidecker, H., Aschwanden, M., Jäger, K. A., Scheffler, K., Steinbrich, W., & Bilecen, D. (2006) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.105.605717 · Cited by 145
“Representative ROIs for anterior tibial (1), peroneal ( 2 ), soleus (3), and medial gastrocnemius (4) muscle are overlaid on corresponding T1-weighted anatomic images.”
BackgroundMethod
Peripheral Arterial Disease: Diagnosis and Management
Arain, F. A., & Cooper, L. T. (2008) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.4065/83.8.944 · Cited by 146
Peripheral Artery Disease and Chronic Kidney Disease: Clinical Synergy to Improve Outcomes
Garimella, P. S., & Hirsch, A. T. (2014) · Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease · doi:10.1053/j.ackd.2014.07.005 · Cited by 147
Lipoprotein (a) concentrations, apolipoprotein (a) phenotypes, and peripheral arterial disease in three independent cohorts
Laschkolnig, A., Kollerits, B., Lamina, C., Meisinger, C., Rantner, B., Stadler, M., Peters, A., Köenig, W., Stockl, A., Dahnhardt, D., et al. (2014) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1093/cvr/cvu107 · Cited by 146
Statins are independently associated with reduced mortality in patients undergoing infrainguinal bypass graft surgery for critical limb ischemia
Schanzer, A. S., Hevelone, N. D., Owens, C. D., Beckman, J. A., Belkin, M., & Conte, M. S. (2008) · Journal of Vascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2007.11.056 · Cited by 146
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Peripheral Artery Disease
Hackler, E. L., Hamburg, N. M., & White Solaru, K. T. (2021) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.121.318243 · Cited by 141
The long-term prognostic value of the resting and postexercise ankle–brachial index
Feringa, H. H. H., Bax, J. J. J., van Waning, V. H., Boersma, E., Elhendy, A., Schouten, O., Tangelder, M. J., van Sambeek, M. H. R. M., van den Meiracker, A. H., & Poldermans, D. (2006) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.166.5.529 · Cited by 141
Sensitivity and Specificity of Ankle-Brachial Index for Detecting Angiographic Stenosis of Peripheral Arteries
Guo, X., Li, J., Pang, W., Zhao, M., Luo, Y., Sun, Y., & Hu, D. (2007) · Circulation Journal · doi:10.1253/circj.72.605 · Cited by 140
Critical Review of the Ankle Brachial Index
Khan, T. H., Farooqui, F. A., & Niazi, K. (2008) · Current Cardiology Reviews · doi:10.2174/157340308784245810 · Cited by 148
“The prevalence of PAD varies based on the population surveyed and the methodology of computing the ankle-brachial index (ABI) [3-5].”
Method
Multifactorial Determinants of Functional Capacity in Peripheral Arterial Disease
Anderson, J. D., Epstein, F. H., Meyer, C. H., Hagspiel, K. D., Wang, H., Berr, S. S., Harthun, N. L., WELTMAN, A. L., DiMaria, J. M., West, A. M., et al. (2009) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2009.01.080 · Cited by 136
Cost-Effectiveness of MODY Genetic Testing: Translating Genomic Advances Into Practical Health Applications
Naylor, R. N., John, P. M., Winn, A. N., Carmody, D., Greeley, S. A. W., Philipson, L. H., Bell, G. I., & Huang, E. S. (2013) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc13-0410 · Cited by 144
The association of the ankle-brachial index with incident coronary heart disease: the Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities (ARIC) study, 1987–2001
Davison, B. A., Nelson, J. J., HEISS, G. M., Chambless, L. E., Sharrett, A. R., Nieto, F. J., Folsom, A. R., & Rosamond, W. D. (2007) · BMC Cardiovascular Disorders · doi:10.1186/1471-2261-7-3 · Cited by 132
Lessons learned from the analysis of gender effect on risk factors and procedural outcomes of lower extremity arterial disease
Vouyouka, A. G., Egorova, N., Salloum, A., Kleinman, L. C., Marin, M. L., Faries, P. L., & Moscowitz, A. (2010) · Journal of Vascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2010.05.106 · Cited by 135
The role of placental-derived adherent stromal cell (PLX-PAD) in the treatment of critical limb ischemia
Prather, W. R., Toren, A., Meiron, M., Ofir, R., Tschöpe, C., & Horwitz, E. M. (2009) · Cytotherapy · doi:10.1080/14653240902849762 · Cited by 130
Ethnicity and cardiovascular disease prevention in the United Kingdom: a practical approach to management
Lip, G. Y. H., Barnett, A. H., Bradbury, A. W., Cappuccio, F. P., Gill, P. S., Hughes, E. A., Imray, C., Jolly, K. B., & Patel, K. (2007) · Journal of Human Hypertension · doi:10.1038/sj.jhh.1002126 · Cited by 132
“By contrast, data from developed countries, notably the USA, suggest that non-white Europeans may at risk of accelerated atherosclerosis and lower limb ischaemia”
Result
Periodontitis May Increase the Risk of Peripheral Arterial Disease
Chen, Y., Umeda, M., Nagasawa, T., Takeuchi, Y., Huang, Y., Inoue, Y., Iwai, T., Izumi, Y., & Ishikawa, I. (2007) · European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.ejvs.2007.08.016 · Cited by 125
Preoperative functional status predicts perioperative outcomes after infrainguinal bypass surgery.
Crawford, R., Cambria, R., Abularrage, C., Conrad, M., Lancaster, R., Watkins, M., & LaMuraglia, G. (2010) · Journal of Vascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2009.08.065 · Cited by 130
Oxidative damage and myofiber degeneration in the gastrocnemius of patients with peripheral arterial disease
Weiss, D. J., Casale, G. P., Koutakis, P., Nella, A. A., Swanson, S. A., Zhu, Z. H., Miserlis, D., Johanning, J. M., & Pipinos, I. I. (2013) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/1479-5876-11-230 · Cited by 123
“5 million of whom are symptoma tic [1,2].”
Background
Intermittent Claudication
White, C. J. (2007) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmcp064483 · Cited by 121
Combined Effect of Chronic Kidney Disease and Peripheral Arterial Disease on All-Cause Mortality in a High-Risk Population
Liew, Y. P., Bartholomew, J. R., Demirjian, S. G., Michaels, J., & Schreiber, M. J. (2008) · Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.2215/cjn.04411007 · Cited by 121
Physical Performance in Peripheral Arterial Disease: A Slower Rate of Decline in Patients Who Walk More
McDermott, M. M., Liu, K., Ferrucci, L., Criqui, M. H., Greenland, P., Guralnik, J. M., Tian, L., Schneider, J. R., Pearce, W. H., Tan, J., et al. (2006) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-144-1-200601030-00005 · Cited by 153
“In addition, the prevalence of PAD is higher in African-American individuals than in white patients (37).”
Background
Automated Oscillometric Determination of the Ankle–Brachial Index Provides Accuracy Necessary for Office Practice
Beckman, J. A., Higgins, C. O., & Gerhard‐Herman, M. D. (2005) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.0000196686.85286.9c · Cited by 120
Relationship Between HbA1c Level and Peripheral Arterial Disease
Muntner, P., Wildman, R. P., Reynolds, K., DeSalvo, K. B., Chen, J., & Fonseca, V. A. (2005) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.28.8.1981 · Cited by 120
Diabetes and Risk of Hospitalized Fall Injury Among Older Adults
Yau, R. K., Strotmeyer, E. S., Resnick, H. E., Sellmeyer, D. E., Feingold, K. R., Cauley, J. A., Vittinghoff, E., de Rekeneire, N., Harris, T. B., Nevitt, M. C., et al. (2013) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc13-0429 · Cited by 119
“This increased risk of fall-related injuries among patients with diabetes using insulin may reflect the fact that, compared with diabetes patients not using insulin, diabetes patients using insulin have more severe comorbidities, such as peripheral vascular disease (25) and peripheral neuropathy (6), that affect propr…”
Background
Microvascular and Macrovascular Disease and Risk for Major Peripheral Arterial Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Mohammedi, K., Woodward, M., Hirakawa, Y., Zoungas, S., Williams, B., Lisheng, L., Rodgers, A., Mancia, G., Neal, B. C., Harrap, S. B., et al. (2016) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc16-0588 · Cited by 120
“disease (PAD) is a common and severe clinical manifestation of atherosclerosis (3,4) and is especially frequent in patients with type 2 diabetes, with an approximately threefold increased risk compared with a population without diabetes (5).”
The Ankle–Brachial Index and the Diabetic Foot: A Troublesome Marriage
Aerden, D., Massaad, D., Kemp, K. V., van Tussenbroek, F., Debing, E., Keymeulen, B., & den Brande, P. V. (2011) · Annals of Vascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.avsg.2010.12.025 · Cited by 118
Presentations of major peripheral arterial disease and risk of major outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes: results from the ADVANCE-ON study
on behalf of the ADVANCE Collaborative Group, Mohammedi, K., Woodward, M., Hirakawa, Y., Zoungas, S., Colagiuri, S., Hamet, P., Harrap, S. B., Poulter, N. R., Matthews, D. R., et al. (2016) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-016-0446-x · Cited by 119
Prevalence of Nonatheromatous Lesions in Peripheral Arterial Disease
O'Neill, W. C., Han, K. H., Schneider, T. M., & Hennigar, R. A. (2014) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.114.304764 · Cited by 116
Contemporary Outcomes After Endovascular Treatment for Aorto-Iliac Artery Disease
Soga, Y., Iida, O., Kawasaki, D., Yamauchi, Y., Suzuki, K., Hirano, K., Koshida, R., Kamoi, D., Tazaki, J., Higashitani, M., et al. (2012) · Circulation Journal · doi:10.1253/circj.cj-12-0492 · Cited by 114
Evaluation of Peripheral Arterial Disease with Nonenhanced Quiescent-Interval Single-Shot MR Angiography
Hodnett, P. A., Koktzoglou, I., Davarpanah, A. H., Scanlon, T. G., Collins, J. D., Sheehan, J. J., Dunkle, E. E., Gupta, N., Carr, J., & Edelman, R. R. (2011) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.11101336 · Cited by 115
Association of the Affordable Care Act Medicaid Expansion With Access to and Quality of Care for Surgical Conditions
Loehrer, A. P., Chang, D. C., Scott, J. W., Hutter, M. M., Patel, V. I., Lee, J. E., & Sommers, B. D. (2018) · JAMA Surgery · doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2017.5568 · Cited by 114
Peripheral Artery Disease and CKD: A Focus on Peripheral Artery Disease as a Critical Component of CKD Care
Garimella, P. S., Hart, P. D., O’Hare, A. M., DeLoach, S. S., Herzog, C. A., & Hirsch, A. T. (2012) · American Journal of Kidney Diseases · doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2012.02.340 · Cited by 118
Risk of lower limb amputation in a national prevalent cohort of patients with diabetes
Gurney, J., Stanley, J., York, S., Rosenbaum, D., & Sarfati, D. (2017) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-017-4488-8 · Cited by 113
“Chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder is a strong marker of smoking status [31], and smoking is, in turn, a strong risk factor for peripheral vascular disease [32].”
Background
Vascular Regeneration in Peripheral Artery Disease
Cooke, J. P., & Meng, S. (2020) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.120.312862 · Cited by 113
Perfluorooctanoic Acid and Cardiovascular Disease in US Adults
Shankar, A., Xiao, J., & DUCATMAN, A. M. (2012) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2012.3393 · Cited by 110
Prevalência e fatores de risco associados à doença arterial periférica no projeto corações do Brasil
Makdisse, M. R. P., Pereira, A. C., Brasil, D., Borges, J. L., Machado-Coelho, G. L. L., Krieger, J. E., Neto, R. M. D. N., & Chagas, A. C. P. (2008) · Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia · doi:10.1590/s0066-782x2008001800008 · Cited by 108
Inflammation and Infection Do Not Promote Arterial Aging and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors among Lean Horticulturalists
Gurven, M., Kaplan, H., Winking, J., Eid Rodriguez, D., Vasunilashorn, S., Kim, J. K., Finch, C., & Crimmins, E. (2009) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0006590 · Cited by 107
“. PAD, affecting limb circulation in 10 million Americans, is primarily caused by atherosclerosis and is a risk indicator for coronary and carotid arterial disease, aneurysm, diabetes, and hypertension”
Background
10. Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Management: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2026
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee for Diabetes*, Bajaj, M., McCoy, R. G., Balapattabi, K., Bannuru, R. R., Bellini, N. J., Bennett, A. K., Beverly, E. A., Briggs Early, K., ChallaSivaKanaka, S., et al. (2026) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc26-s010 · Cited by 107
A prospective comparison of bilateral photoplethysmography versus the ankle-brachial pressure index for detecting and quantifying lower limb peripheral arterial disease
Allen, J., Overbeck, K., Nath, A. F., Murray, A., & Stansby, G. P. (2008) · Journal of Vascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2007.11.057 · Cited by 105
Androgen-Deprivation Therapy for Nonmetastatic Prostate Cancer Is Associated With an Increased Risk of Peripheral Arterial Disease and Venous Thromboembolism
Hu, J. C., Williams, S. B., O’Malley, A. J., Smith, M. R., Nguyen, P. L., & Keating, N. L. (2012) · European Urology · doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2012.01.045 · Cited by 104
Indoxyl sulfate suppresses endothelial progenitor cell–mediated neovascularization
Hung, S., Kuo, K., Huang, H.-L., Lin, C.-C., Tsai, T., Wang, C., Chen, J., Lin, S., Huang, P., & Tarng, D. (2016) · Kidney International · doi:10.1016/j.kint.2015.11.020 · Cited by 104
Peripheral arterial disease: Lack of awareness in Canada
Lovell, M. B., Harris, K., Forbes, T. L., Twillman, G., Abramson, B. L., Criqui, M. H., Schroeder, P., Mohler, E. R., & Hirsch, A. T. (2009) · Canadian Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0828-282x(09)70021-2 · Cited by 104
“PAD is widely prevalent, affecting approximately 800,000 Canadians, as many as nine million Americans and 12% to 29% of the elderly (1,7,8).”
Background
Drug-eluting balloon angioplasty versus uncoated balloon angioplasty for peripheral arterial disease of the lower limbs
Kayssi, A., Al‐Atassi, T., Oreopoulos, G. D., Roche‐Nagle, G., Tan, K. T., & Rajan, D. K. (2016) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd011319.pub2 · Cited by 102
Lower Extremity Arterial Disease Assessed by Ankle-Brachial Index in a Middle-Aged Population of African Americans and Whites
Zheng, Z.-J., Rosamond, W. D., Chambless, L. E., Nieto, F. J., Barnes, R. W., Hutchinson, R. G., Tyroler, H. A., & HEISS, G. M. (2005) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2005.07.019 · Cited by 102
Peripheral Artery Disease Prevalence and Incidence Estimated From Both Outpatient and Inpatient Settings Among Medicare Fee‐for‐Service Beneficiaries in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study
Kalbaugh, C. A., Kucharska‐Newton, A., Wruck, L. M., Lund, J. L., Selvin, E., Matsushita, K., Bengtson, L. G. S., HEISS, G. M., & Loehr, L. R. (2017) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.116.003796 · Cited by 101
Self-citation
Lifetime Risk of Lower‐Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease Defined by Ankle‐Brachial Index in the United States
Matsushita, K., Sang, Y., Ning, H., Ballew, S. H., Chow, E. K. H., Grams, M. E., Selvin, E., Allison, M., Criqui, M. H., Coresh, J., et al. (2019) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.119.012177 · Cited by 101
Self-citation
Differential MicroRNA Expression Profiles in Peripheral Arterial Disease
Stather, P., Sylvius, N. B., Wild, J. B., Choke, E. T. C., Sayers, R. D., & Bown, M. J. (2013) · Circulation Cardiovascular Genetics · doi:10.1161/circgenetics.111.000053 · Cited by 99
Current Approach to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Femoral-Popliteal Arterial Disease. A Systematic Review
Kasapis, C., & Gurm, H. S. (2009) · Current Cardiology Reviews · doi:10.2174/157340309789317823 · Cited by 102
“PAD affects a large segment of the adult population, with an ageadjusted prevalence of 4% to 15%, affecting more than 5 million adults in the United States [2, 3] and increasing up to 30% with age (Fig.”
BackgroundInfluential
Management of Lower Extremity Peripheral Arterial Disease
Gardner, A. W., & Afaq, Z. (2008) · Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention · doi:10.1097/hcr.0b013e31818c3b96 · Cited by 100
Review of Prevalence and Outcome of Vascular Disease in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
Weiss, J., & Sumpio, B. E. (2005) · European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.ejvs.2005.08.015 · Cited by 100
Routine stent implantation vs. percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in femoropopliteal artery disease: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Kasapis, C., Henke, P. K., Chetcuti, S. J., Koenig, G. C., Rectenwald, J. E., Krishnamurthy, V. N., Grossman, P. M., & Gurm, H. S. (2008) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehn514 · Cited by 99
Enfermedad arterial periférica: aspectos fisiopatológicos, clínicos y terapéuticos
Hernando, F. J. S., & Conejero, A. M. (2007) · Revista Española de Cardiología · doi:10.1157/13109651 · Cited by 102
Differences in vitamin D status as a possible contributor to the racial disparity in peripheral arterial disease
Reis, J. P., Michos, E. D., von Mühlen, D. G., & Miller, E. R. (2008) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2008.26447 · Cited by 99
“National data suggest that PAD diagnosed via anklebrachial pressure index (ABI) criteria is present in 5 million US adults (4).”
Background
Geographic and Socioeconomic Disparities in Major Lower Extremity Amputation Rates in Metropolitan Areas
Fanaroff, A. C., Yang, L., Nathan, A. S., Khatana, S. A. M., Julien, H. M., Wang, T. Y., Armstrong, E. J., Treat‐Jacobson, D., Glaser, J. D., Wang, G., et al. (2021) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.121.021456 · Cited by 97
Chapter II: Diagnostic Methods
Cao, P., Eckstein, H., Rango, P. D., Setacci, C., Ricco, J., de DONATO, G., Becker, F., Robert‐Ebadi, H., Diehm, N., Schmidli, J., et al. (2011) · European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/s1078-5884(11)60010-5 · Cited by 100
Essential Features of a Surveillance System to Support the Prevention and Management of Heart Disease and Stroke
Goff, D. C., Brass, L. M., Braun, L. T., Croft, J. B., Flesch, J. D., Fowkes, F. G. R., Hong, Y., Howard, V. J., Huston, S., Jencks, S. F., et al. (2006) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.106.179904 · Cited by 97
Relationship of Monocyte Count and Peripheral Arterial Disease
Nasir, K., Güallar, E., Navas‐Acién, A., Criqui, M. H., & Lima, J. A. C. (2005) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.0000175296.02550.e4 · Cited by 97
Are there clinical implications of racial differences in HbA1c? A difference, to be a difference, must make a difference
Selvin, E. (2016) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc16-0042 · Cited by 96
“Racial and ethnicminority groups are also disproportionately burdened by the complications of diabetes including retinopathy (9,10), chronic kidney disease (11), and lower-extremity peripheral vascular disease (12,13), with an especially high risk of amputation (14).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Socioeconomic Status and Incidence of Hospitalization With Lower‐Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease: Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
Vart, P., Coresh, J., Kwak, L., Ballew, S. H., HEISS, G. M., & Matsushita, K. (2017) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.116.004995 · Cited by 98
Cumulative smoking exposure, duration of smoking cessation, and peripheral arterial disease in middle-aged and older Korean men
Lee, Y. H., Shin, M., Kweon, S., Choi, J., Rhee, J.-A., Ahn, H.-R., Yun, W.-J., Ryu, S. Y., Kim, B., Nam, H., et al. (2011) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-94 · Cited by 95
“94-fold increased risk of PAD [7,9-11,14]; however, generally no significant difference between former and never smoking has been found.”
Influential
A Prognostic Risk Index for Long-term Mortality in Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease
Feringa, H. H. H. (2007) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.167.22.2482 · Cited by 97
Risk Factors for Incident Peripheral Arterial Disease in Type 2 Diabetes: Results From the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation in Type 2 Diabetes (BARI 2D) Trial
Althouse, A. D., Abbott, J. D., Forker, A. D., Bertolet, M. H., Barinas‐Mitchell, E., Thurston, R. C., Mulukutla, S. R., Aboyans, V., Brooks, M. M., & for the BARI 2D Study Group (2014) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc13-2303 · Cited by 94
“PAD is especially common among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), with a threefold increased risk compared with the general population (7).”
Background
Periaortic Fat Deposition Is Associated With Peripheral Arterial Disease
Fox, C. S., Massaro, J. M., Schlett, C. L., Lehman, S. J., Meigs, J. B., O’Donnell, C. J., Hoffmann, U., & Murabito, J. M. (2010) · Circulation Cardiovascular Imaging · doi:10.1161/circimaging.110.958884 · Cited by 93
Peripheral artery disease. Part 1: clinical evaluation and noninvasive diagnosis
Lau, J. F., Weinberg, M. D., & Olin, J. W. (2011) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/nrcardio.2011.66 · Cited by 94
“Several population studies and observational analyses have identified major risk factors for PAD, such as increasing age, African-American or Hispanic ethnicity, current or past tobacco use, and the presence of diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease”
Background
Effectiveness of bedside investigations to diagnose peripheral artery disease among people with diabetes mellitus: a systematic review
Brownrigg, J. R. W., Hinchliffe, R. J., Apelqvist, J., Boyko, E. J., Fitridge, R., Mills, J. L., Reekers, J. A., Shearman, C. P., Zierler, R. E., Schaper, N. C., et al. (2015) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmrr.2703 · Cited by 94
Diagnosis and treatment of chronic mesenteric ischemia: An update
Kolkman, J. J., & Geelkerken, R. H. (2017) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/j.bpg.2017.01.003 · Cited by 92
Exploiting extracellular matrix-stem cell interactions: A review of natural materials for therapeutic muscle regeneration
Kuraitis, D., Giordano, C., Ruel, M., Musarò, A., & Suuronen, E. J. (2011) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.09.078 · Cited by 94
Peripheral arterial disease: a literature review
Abdulhannan, P., Russell, D., & Homer‐Vanniasinkam, S. (2012) · British Medical Bulletin · doi:10.1093/bmb/lds027 · Cited by 93
Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease and Quality of Life Among Older Individuals in the Community
Wu, A., Coresh, J., Selvin, E., Tanaka, H., HEISS, G. M., Hirsch, A. T., Jaar, B. G., & Matsushita, K. (2017) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.116.004519 · Cited by 101
Self-citation
Peripheral arterial disease in women
Teodorescu, V. J., Vavra, A. K., & Kibbe, M. R. (2013) · Journal of Vascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2012.10.115 · Cited by 90
Efficacy of a Guideline-Recommended Risk-Reduction Program to Improve Cardiovascular and Limb Outcomes in Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease
Hussain, M. A., Al-Omran, M. A., Mamdani, M., Eisenberg, N., Premji, A., Saldanha, L. S., Wang, X., Verma, S., & Lindsay, T. F. (2016) · JAMA Surgery · doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2016.0415 · Cited by 90
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Association Between C-Reactive Protein and Major Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease
Singh, T. P., Morris, D. R., Smith, S. L., Moxon, J. V., & Golledge, J. (2017) · European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.ejvs.2017.05.009 · Cited by 93
Effect of a Single, Oral, High-dose Vitamin D Supplementation on Endothelial Function in Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease: A Randomised Controlled Pilot Study
Stricker, H. J., Bianda, F. T., Guidicelli-Nicolosi, S., Limoni, C., & Colucci, G. (2012) · European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.ejvs.2012.06.023 · Cited by 88
Treatment of hypertension in peripheral arterial disease
Lane, D. A., & Lip, G. Y. H. (2013) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd003075.pub3 · Cited by 91
Impact of diabetes mellitus on outcomes of superficial femoral artery endoluminal interventions
Bakken, A. M., Palchik, E., Hart, J. P., Rhodes, J. M., Saad, W. E. A., & Davies, M. G. (2007) · Journal of Vascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2007.06.047 · Cited by 89
The Genetic Basis of Peripheral Arterial Disease
Kullo, I. J., & Leeper, N. J. (2015) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.116.303518 · Cited by 91
Diagnosis and assessment of peripheral arterial disease in the diabetic foot
Brownrigg, J. R. W., Schaper, N. C., & Hinchliffe, R. J. (2015) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.12749 · Cited by 88
First-Line Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes With Sodium–Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors and Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists: A Cost-Effectiveness Study
Choi, J. G., Winn, A. N., Skandari, M. R., Franco, M. I., Staab, E. M., Alexander, J., Wan, W., Zhu, M., Huang, E. S., Philipson, L., et al. (2022) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m21-2941 · Cited by 87
“Formedical histories unavailable in NHANES (history of peripheral vascular disease, atrial fibrillation, amputation, blindness, and peripheral neuropathy), we imputed age- and sex-based probabilities for peripheral vascular disease and atrial fibrillation (35, 36) ORIGINAL RESEARCH First-Line SGLT2 Inhibitors and GLP1…”
Background
Predictors of Adverse Cosmetic Outcome in the RAPID Trial: An Exploratory Analysis
Peterson, D., Truong, P. T., Parpia, S., Olivotto, I. A., Berrang, T. S., Kim, D.-H., Kong, I., Germain, I., Nichol, A., Akra, M. A., et al. (2015) · International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics · doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.12.040 · Cited by 85
High hemoglobin A1c associated with increased adverse limb events in peripheral arterial disease patients undergoing revascularization
Arya, S., Binney, Z. O., Khakharia, A., Long, C. A., Brewster, L. P., Wilson, P. W. F., Jordan, W. D., & Duwayri, Y. M. (2017) · Journal of Vascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2017.06.101 · Cited by 86
“Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) occurrence in patients with diabetes is three times greater than in those without diabetes, and its prevalence in diabetics older than 50 years is 29%.(1,2) Diabetes causes endovascular dysfunction of microvascular and macrovascular circulation, leading to a state of inflammation and…”
Background
C-reactive protein is related to extent and progression of coronary and extra-coronary atherosclerosis; results from the Rotterdam study
Elias‐Smale, S. E., Kardys, I., Oudkerk, M., Albert Hofman, D., & Witteman, J. C. M. (2007) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.07.006 · Cited by 86
Infrared Thermography and Vascular Disorders in Diabetic Feet
Ilo, A., Romsi, P., & Mäkelä, J. (2019) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/1932296819871270 · Cited by 90
Framework for Evaluating Disease Severity Measures in Older Adults With Comorbidity
Boyd, C. M., Weiss, C. O., Halter, J., Han, K. C., Ershler, W. B., & Fried, L. P. (2007) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/62.3.286 · Cited by 85
Family History of Peripheral Artery Disease Is Associated With Prevalence and Severity of Peripheral Artery Disease
Wassel, C. L., Loomba, R. S., Ix, J. H., Allison, M., Denenberg, J. O., & Criqui, M. H. (2011) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2011.06.023 · Cited by 83
Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2006 Update: A Report From the American
Wilson, M., Wolf, P. A., Sidney, S. S., Sorlie, P. D., Steinberger, J., Wasserthiel-Smoller, S., Furie, K. L., Gorelick, P. B., D, B. M. K. M., Marler, J. M., et al. (2009) · Cited by 83
Pro-resolving lipid mediators in vascular disease
Conte, M. S., Desai, T. A., Wu, B., Schaller, M. S., & Werlin, E. C. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci97947 · Cited by 82
Arterial vascular disease in women
Vouyouka, A. G., & Kent, K. C. (2007) · Journal of Vascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2007.07.057 · Cited by 82
Association Between Depression and Peripheral Artery Disease: Insights From the Heart and Soul Study
Grenon, S. M., Hiramoto, J. S., Smolderen, K. G. E., Vittinghoff, E., Whooley, M. A., & Cohen, B. E. (2012) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.112.002667 · Cited by 82
The BEST-CLI Trial: A Multidisciplinary Effort to Assess Which Therapy is Best for Patients With Critical Limb Ischemia
Farber, A. M., Rosenfield, K., & Menard, M. T. (2014) · Techniques in vascular and interventional radiology · doi:10.1053/j.tvir.2014.08.012 · Cited by 81

Authors: Selvin, E., & Erlinger, T. P.
Affiliations: Johns Hopkins University (US)
ORCID: Selvin, Elizabeth
Erlinger, Thomas P.
Venue: Circulation
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 2004-08-10
Volume: 110
Issue: 6
Pages: 738-743
ISSN: 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
1524-4539
DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.0000137913.26087.f0
OpenAlex: W2100049802
Semantic Scholar: 086852e793552793c625312acd69ee172fc265e6
Cited by: 1,885
References: 28
Citations by year: 2026: 37 · 2025: 53 · 2024: 78 · 2023: 88 · 2022: 84 · 2021: 67 · 2020: 74 · 2019: 73 · 2018: 90 · 2017: 92 · 2016: 103 · 2015: 112 · 2014: 120 · 2013: 138 · 2012: 139
FWCI: 55.28
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Circulation (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (T32 HL 07024, T32HL007024)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Peripheral Artery Disease Management
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Vascular Procedures and Complications
Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Healthcare Systems and Public Health
Keywords: peripheral arterial disease, prevalence, risk factors, ankle-brachial index, cardiovascular risk factors, smoking, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, renal function, fibrinogen, C-reactive protein, racial disparities, older adults
MeSH terms: Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Blood Pressure Determination, Brachial Artery, C-Reactive Protein, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diabetes Mellitus, Female, Fibrinogen, Glomerular Filtration Rate, Health Surveys, Humans, Hypercholesterolemia, Hypertension, Kidney Diseases, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Smoking, United States, Biomarkers, Comorbidity, Prevalence, Peripheral Vascular Diseases, Tibial Arteries, Racial Groups

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Peripheral Arterial Disease in the United States: Results From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2000

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks