The DOI matches its Crossref record; 35 of the 35 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Is Associated With Apoptosis of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in Human Atherosclerotic Plaques
Open accessAbstract
Background —Cytotoxic oxidized LDL (oxLDL) has been shown to promote apoptosis in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). We investigated the localization of oxLDL and its association with apoptosis and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins in early and advanced atherosclerotic lesions. Methods and Results —Atherosclerotic plaques (n=23) from patients undergoing aortic, carotid, or femoral arterial surgery were studied. In early lesions, oxLDL was located predominantly in the superficial intima and in the media just beneath the internal elastic lamina. Medial VSMCs staining positive for oxLDL showed expression of BAX, a proapoptotic protein of the BCL-2 family. Apoptosis, as detected by DNA in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase end-labeling (TUNEL), was not present in these early lesions. In advanced plaques, areas of the intima positive for oxLDL showed lower α-smooth muscle actin immunoreactivity ( P <0.01) and higher BAX immunoreactivity ( P <0.05). Furthermore, these areas showed an increased number of apoptotic VSMCs ( P <0.01). Western blot analysis revealed that oxLDL increases BAX expression in cultured human coronary VSMCs. Conclusions —We conclude that in early atherosclerotic lesions, oxLDL-positive VSMCs express BAX, which increases the susceptibility of these cells to undergo apoptosis. This could be important in our understanding of the transition of early lesions into advanced atherosclerotic plaques, which are characterized by regions of cell death. In advanced plaques, oxLDL-positive areas of the intima show higher BAX immunoreactivity and TUNEL-positive VSMCs, and this may contribute to plaque instability and rupture.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The oxLDL has been shown to promote apoptosis signaling in the vascular smooth muscle cells and contributes to atherosclerotic plaques [143].”
From Insights of Endocytosis Signaling in Health and Disease (2023) · cites this paper as [143]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“For example, uptake of OxLDL and formation of VSMC-derived foam cells has been linked to induction of VSMC death by apoptosis 118 , and free cholesterol in the lipid pool may be derived from dead VSMC 119 .”
From Vascular smooth muscle cells in atherosclerosis (2019) · cites this paper as [118]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Identification of programmed cell death in situ via specific labeling of nuclear DNA fragmentation.
Gavrieli, Y., Sherman, Y., & Ben-Sasson, S. A. (1992) · The Journal of cell biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.119.3.493 · Cited by 9,444
Epstein, F. H., Steinberg, D. I., Parthasarathy, S., Carew, T. E., Khoo, J. C., & Witztum, J. L. (1989) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198904063201407 · Cited by 6,425
Role of oxidized low density lipoprotein in atherogenesis.
Witztum, J. L., & Steinberg, D. H. (1991) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci115499 · Cited by 2,675
Galis, Z. S., Sukhova, G. K., Lark, M. W., & Libby, P. (1994) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci117619 · Cited by 2,537
LIPOPROTEIN METABOLISM IN THE MACROPHAGE: Implications for Cholesterol Deposition in Atherosclerosis
Brown, M. S., & Goldstein, J. L. (1983) · Annual Review of Biochemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev.bi.52.070183.001255 · Cited by 2,300
Molecular Bases of the Acute Coronary Syndromes
Libby, P. (1995) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.91.11.2844 · Cited by 2,029
Stary, H. C., Chandler, A. B., Dinsmore, R. E., Fuster, V., Glagov, S. K., Insull, W., Rosenfeld, M. E., Schwartz, C. J., Wagner, W. D., & Wissler, R. W. (1995) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.15.9.1512 · Cited by 959
Stability and Instability: Two Faces of Coronary Atherosclerosis
Davies, M. J. (1996) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.94.8.2013 · Cited by 923
Bennett, M. R., Evan, G. I., & Schwartz, S. M. (1995) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci117917 · Cited by 707
Apoptosis in Human Atherosclerosis and Restenosis
Isner, J. M., Kearney, M., Bortman, S., & Passeri, J. J. (1995) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.91.11.2703 · Cited by 673
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 13
- 10.1161/circ.91.11.2703 · DOI
- 10.1161/atvb.18.10.1519 · DOI
- 10.1161/circ.94.8.2013 · DOI
- 10.1161/circ.91.11.2844 · DOI
- 10.1161/atvb.17.10.2225 · DOI
- 10.1161/atvb.16.3.416 · DOI
- 10.1161/atvb.17.10.2200 · DOI
- 10.1161/circ.96.2.424 · DOI
- 10.1161/res.82.6.704 · DOI
- 10.1161/atvb.15.9.1512 · DOI
- 10.1161/atvb.18.10.1519 · DOI
- 10.1161/circ.94.6.1255 · DOI
- 10.1161/circ.97.23.2307 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–126 of 126
Peripheral Arterial Atherogenesis
Meyer, J., Leucker, T. M., Jones, S. R., Martin, S. S., & Toth, P. P. (2022) · Contemporary cardiology · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-09741-6_1 · Cited by 1
Osman, M. T., Rahman, T. H. A., Muid, S. A., Haron, H., Ismail, T., Ramli, A. S., Abdulrahman, A., & Nawawi, H. M. (2016) · Biomedical Research and Therapy · doi:10.7603/s40730-016-0013-9 · Cited by 1
Pathogenesis of Accelerated Atherosclerosis and Vascular Injury in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Liu, Y., & Kaplan, M. J. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-47927-1.00021-9 · Cited by 1
Valsartan, an Angiotensin II Type-I Receptor Blocker, and Left Ventricular Diastolic Function
Okura, Y., Nakashima, Y., Tojo, H., Tashiro, E., & Saku, K. (2005) · Angiology · doi:10.1177/000331970505600415 · Cited by 1
Self-citationRoszkowska, M. (2018) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/1138a124za7ccz46caza5cezbe67e49f584c · Cited by 1
Mantón, K. G., Akushevich, I. V., & Kravchenko, J. S. (2009) · Statistics in the health sciences · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-78193-8_8
Insulin-Like Growth Factors, Cardiovascular Risk Factors, and Cardiovascular Disease
Bolad, I. A., & Delafontaine, P. (2008) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-141-3_14
Self-citation[29] Localization of oxidation-specific epitopes in tissue
Sloop, G. D. (2002) · Methods in enzymology on CD-ROM/Methods in enzymology · doi:10.1016/s0076-6879(02)52031-0
Zöller, M. (2008) · Elektronische Hochschulschriften der LMU München (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München) · doi:10.5282/edoc.8045
Effects of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal on cultured human aortic endothelial cells and myocardial cell
Xu, J., Zhou, J., Wang, N., & Xu, H. (2005) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/iembs.2005.1615755
Miscellaneous medications for the management of atherosclerosis: Mayhem or miracle?
Samson, R. H. (2002) · Seminars in Vascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/s0895-7967(02)70027-6
Amit, Z. (2008) · UC Research Repository (University of Canterbury) · doi:10.26021/6317
Zhao, L., & Funk, C. D. (2003) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.3109/9780203492444-19
MiR-513a-5p Aggravates Atherosclerosis Phenotype by Downregulating TFPI2 in VitroPreprint
Wang, C., & Yao, F. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.11.30.470524
Role of secretory phospholipase A2 Isozymes (Lp-PLA2)
Macphee, C. H. (2003) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.3109/9780203481165-20
Role of secretory phospholipase A2 Isozymes (Lp-PLA2)
Macphee, C. H. (2003) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.3109/9780203492444-20
Aging-driven organelle miscommunication in the failing heart
Ortega, A., Bascuñan-Ortiz, E., Troncoso, M. F., Muñoz-Rodríguez, C., Navarrete-Gallegos, L., Yero-Haber, R., Becerra, B., Mora, A., Lopez‐Gallardo, E., Chiong, M., et al. (2025) · The Journal of Cardiovascular Aging · doi:10.20517/jca.2025.08 · Cited by 1
Bai, X., Wang, Y., Luo, X., Bao, X., Weng, X., Chen, Y., Zhang, S., Lv, Y., Dai, X., Zeng, M., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.25010438
Brauschke, J., Schütz, L.-M., Bonaterra, G. A., Kinscherf, R., & Schwarz, A. (2026) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells15121127
Metadata
- Authors
- Okura, Y., Brink, M., Itabe, H., Scheidegger, K. J., Kalangos, A., & Delafontaine, P.
- Affiliations
- University Hospital of Geneva (CH)
- University of Geneva (CH)
- Venue
- Circulation
- Published
- 2000-11-28
- Volume
- 102
- Issue
- 22
- Pages
- 2680-2686
- ISSN
- 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4539
- OpenAlex
- W2161543197
- Cited by
- 126
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 4.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Circulation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (47035)
- National Institutes of Health (5r01hl047035-07)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL-45317, HL-47035)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Diseases
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cell death mechanisms and regulation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
- Keywords
- oxidized LDL, vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis, atherosclerotic plaque, Bax, Bcl-2 family proteins, plaque vulnerability, plaque rupture, alpha-smooth muscle actin, advanced atherosclerosis, plaque progression
- MeSH terms
- Actins, Aged, Arteriosclerosis, Cell Line, Female, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Lipoproteins, LDL, Male, Muscle, Smooth, Vascular, Proto-Oncogene Proteins, Blotting, Western, Apoptosis, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2, In Situ Nick-End Labeling, bcl-2-Associated X Protein
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
