The DOI matches its Crossref record; 108 of the 108 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Primary Pulmonary Hypertension: A Vascular Biology and Translational Research “Work in Progress”
Open accessAbstract
Abstract—Primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) is a syndrome of dyspnea, chest pain, and syncope defined by increased pulmonary vascular resistance and the absence of a known cause. It also occurs in a familial form, which is linked to unidentified genes on chromosome 2. This syndrome is characterized by abnormalities of pulmonary vascular biology in each compartment of the blood vessel. The lumen has a prothrombotic diathesis, the endothelium displays an excessive production of vasoconstrictors relative to vasodilators, and the smooth muscle cells are depolarized and calcium-overloaded, which is due in part to reduced expression of voltage-gated potassium channels (Kv). This causes vasoconstriction and may promote cell proliferation. The adventitia displays excessive remodeling, which is associated with exaggerated metalloproteinase and elastase activity. Conceptually, PPH seems to require a permissive genotype, a susceptible phenotype (eg, endothelial dysfunction) and, in many cases, an exogenous trigger (eg, an anorexigen). Although there is not a generally accepted, unifying hypothesis regarding its cause, impaired function and the expression of vascular and platelet Kv channels suggest PPH may be a disease of the ion channels. Abnormal matrix metalloproteinase and elastase activity could also explain the abnormal vascular tone, platelet activation, and remodeling in PPH. Although calcium-channel blockers and prostacyclin, particularly when coadministered with warfarin, improve survival, PPH has a 5-year mortality rate of ≈50%. Pharmacological and gene therapies aimed at enhancing the activity of prostacyclin, nitric oxide synthases, and Kv channels or at inhibiting endothelin and matrix metalloproteinases are promising areas for future development.
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Cites
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Cited by
Dweik, R. A., Boggs, P. B., Erzurum, S. C., Irvin, C. G., Leigh, M. W., Lundberg, J. O., Olin, A.-C., Plummer, A. L., & Taylor, D. R. (2011) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.9120-11st · Cited by 2,539
ACCF/AHA 2009 Expert Consensus Document on Pulmonary Hypertension
McLaughlin, V. V., Archer, S. L., Badesch, D. B., Barst, R. J., Farber, H. W., Lindner, J. R., Mathier, M. A., McGoon, M. D., Park, M. H., Rosenson, R. S., et al. (2009) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2009.01.004 · Cited by 2,360
Self-citationSuperoxide Dismutases in the Lung and Human Lung Diseases
Kinnula, V. L., & Crapo, J. D. (2003) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.200212-1479so · Cited by 620
Michelakis, E., Tymchak, W., Lien, D., Webster, L., Hashimoto, K., & Archer, S. (2002) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000016641.12984.dc · Cited by 577
Self-citationZhao, Y. D., Courtman, D. W., Deng, Y., Kugathasan, L., Zhang, Q., & Stewart, D. J. (2005) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.0000157672.70560.7b · Cited by 469
Metadata
- Authors
- Archer, S., & Rich, S.
- Venue
- Circulation
- Published
- 2000-11-28
- Volume
- 102
- Issue
- 22
- Pages
- 2781-2791
- ISSN
- 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4539
- OpenAlex
- W2010171666
- Cited by
- 354
- References
- 108
- FWCI
- 15.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
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