Morphometry of human coronary capillaries during normal growth and the effect of age in left ventricular pressure-overload hypertrophy.
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: In adults, acquired pressure-overload left ventricular hypertrophy can result in myocardial ischemia, which may be due in part to insufficient capillary growth during development of hypertrophy. The coronary microvascular response to congenital pressure-overload hypertrophy in children has not been previously characterized. METHODS AND RESULTS: Average capillary density and heterogeneity of capillary spacing were measured in 63 postmortem human hearts with left ventricular hypertrophy and control hearts without heart disease. Pathology specimens were chosen that had left ventricular hypertrophy caused by 1) congenital isolated aortic valve stenosis in infants less than 1 year old at death, children 9-14 years old, and adults 15-30 years old; 2) congenital isolated coarctation of the aorta in adults 15-39 years old; and 3) acquired aortic stenosis in adults 51-86 years old. Major findings of the study were: 1) Human left ventricular capillary density and heterogeneity of capillary spacing are similar to other mammalian species. 2) Capillary density is higher in infants (3,315 +/- 85 capillaries per square millimeter), decreases with increasing heart weight during normal growth in early childhood (children, 2,388 +/- 75 capillaries per square millimeter, p less than 0.05), and thereafter remains relatively constant. 3) Capillary density with left ventricular hypertrophy is dependent on the age of onset. Congenital aortic stenosis and coarctation are characterized by an increase in capillary supply proportional to myocyte volume, maintaining capillary density similar to control hearts. Adults with acquired aortic stenosis have decreased capillary density (1,671 +/- 66 capillaries per square millimeter, p less than 0.01 versus control). CONCLUSIONS: Pressure-overload left ventricular hypertrophy in children demonstrates proportional capillary angiogenesis, whereas in adults, hypertrophy appears to be associated with failure of compensatory angiogenesis.
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All CM bundles in the native myocardium are wrapped around by dense networks of capillaries, whose functionality relies heavily on their tree-like hierarchical branching structure.
“To facilitate an efficient mass transfer, all the CM bundles in the native myocardium are wrapped around by the dense networks of capillaries, whose functionality are relied heavily on their tree-like hierarchical branching structure 7 .”
From Leaf-venation-directed cellular alignment for macroscale cardiac constructs with tissue-like functionalities (2023) · cites this paper as [7]
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References 48 · Cited by 327
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- Authors
- Rakusan, K., Flanagan, M. F., Geva, T., Southern, J., & Van Praagh, R.
- Affiliations
- University of Ottawa (CA)
- Department of Physiology, University of Ottawa, School of Medicine, Ontario, Canada.
- ORCID
- Geva, T
- Venue
- Circulation
- Published
- 1992-07
- Volume
- 86
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 38-46
- ISSN
- 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4539
- OpenAlex
- W2005341795
- Cited by
- 327
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 6.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Circulation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- American Heart Association
- Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada
- Brigham and Women's Hospital
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Fibrosis and Remodeling
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Cardiac Imaging and Diagnostics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors
- Keywords
- coronary capillaries, capillary density, coronary microcirculation, angiogenesis, aortic stenosis, coarctation of the aorta, congenital heart disease, myocardial ischemia, cardiac growth, age-related changes
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Animals, Aortic Valve Stenosis, Cadaver, Capillaries, Child, Preschool, Coronary Vessels, Cardiomegaly, Humans, Hypertension, Male, Myocardium, Organ Size, Rats, Inbred Strains, Reference Values, Rats
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