Salt-induced hypertension in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. Hemodynamics and renal responses.
Open accessAbstract
This study was performed with Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) and Dahl salt-resistant (DR) rats to detect differences in cardiovascular hemodynamics and renal responses that might be involved in initiating salt-induced hypertension in DS rats. The effects of 4 weeks of 8% NaCl diet were studied in conscious, male DR and DS rats in which vascular and urinary catheters had been previously implanted. Results were compared with those obtained from control groups of DR and DS rats on 4 weeks of 1% NaCl diet. DR rats on 8% salt diet did not develop hypertension, and cardiac output and blood volume were unchanged; glomerular filtration rate, urinary flow, sodium excretion, and plasma atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) increased. DS rats on 8% salt diet developed hypertension, and cardiac output and blood volume increased; glomerular filtration rate, urinary flow, and sodium excretion did not change, despite an increase in ANF. DS and DR rats on 1% NaCl diet were subjected to ANF infusion. After ANF infusion DR rats had a decreased blood volume and an increased glomerular filtration rate, urinary flow, and sodium excretion; DS rats showed no significant changes in blood volume, glomerular filtration rate, urinary flow, or sodium excretion. ANF caused vasodilation in all regions studied in DR rats; DS rats showed vasodilation in all regions except the kidney. After acute volume expansion, although both DR and DS rats responded by an increase in cardiac output, only DS rats developed prolonged hypertension. This finding suggests an inadequate vasodilatory mechanism in DS rats. In response to acute volume expansion, renal resistance decreased in DR rats but not in DS rats. It is concluded that the primary hemodynamic disturbance in DS rats with salt-induced hypertension is an increase in cardiac output caused by blood volume expansion in the absence of any vasodilation. Comparison of the responses of DS and DR rats to high salt diets, ANF infusion, and acute volume expansion indicates that the salt-induced hypertension in DS rats is initiated by a diminished renal response to ANF.
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In light of the current studies and previous animal and human experiments, the use of these models by Guyton and colleagues to reorient understanding of hypertension causes appears to have been overreaching.
“However, in light of the results of the current studies with the 1972 Guyton model and its derivatives, together with those of previous experimental studies in animals47–50 and humans,15, 18, 51, 52 the use of the models by Guyton and colleagues to “reorient understanding” of the causes of hypertension appears to have been overreaching.”
From Testing Computer Models Predicting Human Responses to a High-Salt Diet: Implications for Understanding Mechanisms of Salt-Sensitive Hypertension (2018) · cites this paper as [48]
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References 23 · Cited by 61
Research works printed but not linked: 15
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- Authors
- Simchon, S., Manger, W. M., Carlin, R. D., Peeters, L. L., Rodriguez, J., Batista, D., Brown, T., Merchant, N. B., Jan, K. M., & Chien, S.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University (US)
- Venue
- Hypertension
- Published
- 1989-06
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 6_pt_1
- Pages
- 612-621
- ISSN
- 0194-911X (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4563
- OpenAlex
- W2023358990
- Semantic Scholar
- 85a0b9d46e96cdcef15a0048a3241e37c96cd398
- Cited by
- 61
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 3 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 4.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Hypertension (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5t32hl007114-12)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL 07114, 5T32 HL-07114, HL 16851)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Sodium Intake and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Renin-Angiotensin System Studies
- Keywords
- salt-induced hypertension, Dahl salt-sensitive rats, Dahl salt-resistant rats, atrial natriuretic peptide, cardiac output, blood volume expansion, renal vasodilation, glomerular filtration rate, sodium excretion, renal vascular resistance, high-salt diet, hemodynamics
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Blood Volume, Hemodynamics, Hypertension, Infusions, Intravenous, Kidney, Male, Natriuresis, Atrial Natriuretic Factor, Rats, Inbred Strains, Sodium, Dietary, Time Factors, Rats
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