Influence of yohimbine on blood pressure, autonomic reflexes, and plasma catecholamines in humans.
Open accessAbstract
We studied the influence of the alpha 2-adrenoreceptor-blocking drug, yohimbine, on blood pressure, plasma norepinephrine, and other measures of autonomic function in normal male volunteers. These studies were designed to evaluate the role of alpha 2-receptors in the tonic regulation of sympathetic outflow in humans. In a dose-ranging study, we found that yohimbine HCl (0.016-0.125 mg/kg) elicited dose-related rises in mean, systolic, and diastolic pressures. At the maximal dose used (0.125 mg/kg), respective increments in mean, systolic, and diastolic pressures were 14 +/- 1 torr; 28 +/- 3 torr; and 8 +/- 1 torr (p less than 0.01) (mean +/- SE). No significant changes in heart rate occurred. Associated with the rise in blood pressure were enhanced pressor and heart rate responses to the cold pressor, isometric handgrip, and Valsalva maneuvers. In a double-blind study, yohimbine (0.125 mg/kg bolus, 0.001 mg/kg/min infusion) induced a two-to-threefold rise in plasma norepinephrine (p less than 0.01), without significantly altering plasma epinephrine or plasma renin activity. Ex vivo platelet aggregation in response to epinephrine was inhibited during yohimbine, showing that non-innervated alpha 2-adrenoreceptors were inhibited. Central effects of yohimbine were evaluated through use of linear analog mood rating scales which showed a shift from calm toward excited ends of these scales. If yohimbine is acting through blockade of alpha 2 receptors, then these receptors tonically suppress sympathetic outflow in humans.
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Yohimbine at this dose is safe for administration to healthy subjects, elicited a two- to three-fold increase in plasma norepinephrine levels, and stimulated colonic motility in humans.
“This dose is safe for administration to healthy subjects, elicited a two- to three-fold increase in plasma norepinephrine levels, and stimulated colonic motility in humans (7, 14).”
From Effects of glucagon-like peptide-1, yohimbine, and nitrergic modulation on sympathetic and parasympathetic activity in humans (2008) · cites this paper as [14]
The plasma-catecholamines section (page not supplied) reports a two- to threefold rise in norepinephrine at 0.125 mg/kg bolus plus infusion in healthy volunteers. The Side Effects section (page not supplied) reports restlessness and other reactions rather than establishing that the dose is safe; the paper does not address colonic motility. (LLM, conf=0.89)
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- Authors
- Goldberg, M. R., Hollister, A. S., & Robertson, D.
- Affiliations
- Hollister (United States) (US)
- Venue
- Hypertension
- Published
- 1983-09
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 772-778
- ISSN
- 0194-911X (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4563
- OpenAlex
- W2135533851
- Cited by
- 127
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 4.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Hypertension (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- U.S. Public Health Service
- National Center for Research Resources (M01RR000095)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling
- Keywords
- yohimbine, alpha2-adrenoceptors, blood pressure, plasma norepinephrine, autonomic reflexes, sympathetic outflow, pressor response, cold pressor test, Valsalva maneuver, platelet aggregation, epinephrine, mood effects, dose-response relationship
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Autonomic Nervous System, Blood Pressure, Clinical Trials as Topic, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Double-Blind Method, Epinephrine, Humans, Male, Norepinephrine, Platelet Aggregation, Pressoreceptors, Renin, Yohimbine
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