Cited by 914Stroke Rehabilitation and RecoveryHealth Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of LifeHealth Education and Validation

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Development of a Stroke-Specific Quality of Life Scale

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Williams, Linda S., Weinberger, Morris, Harris, Lisa E., Clark, Daniel O., Biller, José·1999·Stroke

DOI 10.1161/01.str.30.7.1362

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Abstract

Background and Purpose —Clinical stroke trials are increasingly measuring patient-centered outcomes such as functional status and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). No stroke-specific HRQOL measure is currently available. This study presents the initial development of a valid, reliable, and responsive stroke-specific quality of life (SS-QOL) measure, for use in stroke trials. Methods —Domains and items for the SS-QOL were developed from patient interviews. The SS-QOL, Short Form 36, Beck Depression Inventory, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, and Barthel Index were administered to patients 1 and 3 months after ischemic stroke. Items were eliminated with the use of standard psychometric criteria. Construct validity was assessed by comparing domain scores with similar domains of established measures. Domain responsiveness was assessed with standardized effect sizes . Results —All 12 domains of the SS-QOL were unidimensional. In the final 49-item scale, all domains demonstrated excellent internal reliability (Cronbach’s α values for each domain ≥0.73). Most domains were moderately correlated with similar domains of established outcome measures ( r 2 range, 0.3 to 0.5). Most domains were responsive to change (standardized effect sizes >0.4). One- and 3-month SS-QOL scores were associated with patients’ self-report of HRQOL compared with before their stroke ( P <0.001). Conclusions —The SS-QOL measures HRQOL, its primary underlying construct, in stroke patients. Preliminary results regarding the reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the SS-QOL are encouraging. Further studies in diverse stroke populations are needed.

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10.1161/str.27.10.1812 · DOI
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10.1161/str.28.4.740 · DOI

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“Relevant Primer disease-specific instruments include the Quality of Life in Neurological Disorders project and the Stroke Specific Quality of Life scale, although data supporting their use for perioperative stroke is limited 219,220 .”
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Method
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“Among the generic instruments are the short form (SF)-36 (Anderson et al., 1996; Dorman et al., 1997a, 1998, 1999; Pickard et al., 1999; Williams et al., 1999a, 1999b; Carod-Artal et al., 2000; Dorman et al., 2000; Kauhanen et al., 2000; Alexander et al., 2001; Bugge et al., 2001) and SF-12 (Lim…”
Background
Exoskeletons
Agarwal, P., & Deshpande, A. D. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190455132.003.0011 · Cited by 39
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“Therefore, diseasespecific HRQoL measures have been found to be very promising for use in capturing the diverse concerns of stroke populations [4, 9].”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
The Epidemiology of Stroke in a Developing Country (Pakistan)
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Improved quality of life following constraint-induced movement therapy is associated with gains in arm use, but not motor improvement
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“The SSQoL is a quality of life self-report measure with 49 items comprising 12 subscales representing domains commonly affected by stroke; each item is scored using a 5-point ordinal scale (score range, 1–5) with higher scores representing better quality of life.(50) It has demonstrated acceptable psychometric propert…”
Method
Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) after stroke: Positive relationship between lower extremity and balance recovery
Cinnera, A. M., Bonnı̀, S., Pellicciari, M. C., Giorgi, F., Caltagirone, C., & Koch, G. (2020) · Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/10749357.2020.1726070 · Cited by 37
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“Results: After 12-month ITB therapy, 26 patients (poststroke = 6.4 9 years) demonstrated 1) reduced MAS/increased MMT for most LE muscle groups (p 0.0001); 2) reduced MAS/increased MMT most UE muscle groups (p 0.01); 3) FIM scores improved (p 0.05) except bed mobility and lower body dressing; 4) gait distance and velo…”
MethodInfluential
Which Is More Valid for Stroke Patients: Generic or Stroke-Specific Quality of Life Measures?
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Quality of Life after Stroke: Evaluation of the Greek SAQOL-39g
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“Despite the prevalence of aphasia post-stroke, commonly used stroke-specific HRQL scales have been tested in populations excluding people with aphasia [15,16].”
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“individual domain and total scores are available to describe the QOL of participants.(29)”
Background
Depressive symptoms and quality of life after thrombolysis in stroke: the TEMPiS study
Schwab‐Malek, S., Vatankhah, B., Bogdahn, U., Horn, M., & Audebert, H. J. (2010) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-010-5622-4 · Cited by 33
“QoL was measured using the Stroke Specific Quality of Life Scale (SSQOL) [17].”
Method
Establishing equivalence of a Chinese version of the stroke specific quality of life measure for stroke survivors
Lo, S. H. S., Chang, A. M., & Chau, J. P. C. (2017) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2016.1178348 · Cited by 30
“[16] Although the 11-factor model suggested in this study did not coincide with the 12-factor model suggested by Williams et al.,[13] five factors including Language, Upper Extremity Function, Thinking, Vision and Personality suggested by William et al. [13] were reproduced.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluential
Sexual dysfunction in Nigerian stroke survivors
Akinpelu, A. O., Osose, A., Odole, A. C., & Odunaiya, N. A. (2013) · African Health Sciences · doi:10.4314/ahs.v13i3.17 · Cited by 32
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Adaptation to stroke using a model of successful aging
Donnellan, C., Hevey, D., Hickey, A., & O’Neill, D. J. (2012) · Aging Neuropsychology and Cognition · doi:10.1080/13825585.2011.638976 · Cited by 32
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“QOL was assessed with the stroke specific quality of life scale (SSQOL) [14].”
Method
The Behavioral Consequences of Stroke
Schweizer, T. A., & Macdonald, R. L. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-7672-6 · Cited by 32
Poststroke Fear of Falling in the Hospital Setting
Schmid, A. A., Acuff, M., Doster, K., Gwaltney-Duiser, A., Whitaker, A., Damush, T. M., Williams, L. S., & Hendrie, H. C. (2009) · Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation · doi:10.1310/tsr1605-357 · Cited by 31
Self-citation
Development and validation of a patient-reported outcome measure for stroke patients
Luo, Y., Yang, J., & Zhang, Y. (2015) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/s12955-015-0246-0 · Cited by 31
Effects of the bilateral isokinetic strengthening training on functional parameters, gait, and the quality of life in patients with stroke.
Şen, S. B., Demır, S. Ö., Ekiz, T., & Özgirgin, N. (2015) · PubMed · Cited by 31
Wearable Barometric Pressure Sensor to Improve Postural Transition Recognition of Mobility-Impaired Stroke Patients
Massé, F., Gonzenbach, R. R., Paraschiv-Ionescu, A., Luft, A. R., & Aminian, K. (2016) · IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering · doi:10.1109/tnsre.2016.2532844 · Cited by 31
“[2], 66% of the stroke population suffers from mobility impairments related to balance unsteadiness, walking problems, and difficulties in transitioning between functional activities such as lying, standing and sitting [2], [3].”
Background
Neurological Outcome and Quality of Life after Stroke due to Vertebral Artery Dissection
Czechowsky, D., & Hill, M. D. (2002) · Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1159/000047775 · Cited by 31
Health-Related Quality of Life After Stroke
Muus, I., Petzold, M., & Ringsberg, K. C. (2009) · Clinical Nursing Research · doi:10.1177/1054773809334912 · Cited by 31
Nursing’s Role in Psychosocial Health Management After a Stroke Event: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Zrelak, P. A., Seagraves, K. B., Belagaje, S. R., Dusenbury, W., García, J. J., Hadidi, N. N., Keigher, K. M., Love, M. F., Pucciarelli, G., Schorr, E. N., et al. (2024) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/str.0000000000000471 · Cited by 36
“19 Williams et al 19 validated the stroke-specific QOL tool and confirmed reliability through the comparison of domain scores with the health-related QOL tool ( P 0.001).”
Influential
Depression Improvement Is Related to Social Role Functioning After Stroke
Schmid, A. A., Damush, T. M., Tu, W., Bakas, T., Kroenke, K., Hendrie, H. C., & Williams, L. S. (2012) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2011.12.012 · Cited by 30
Self-citation
Determinants of quality of life in patients with hemorrhagic stroke
Zhu, W., & Jiang, Y. (2019) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000013928 · Cited by 30
Quality of life in adults with neurogenic speech-language-communication difficulties: A systematic review of existing measures
Neumann, S., Quinting, J., Rosenkranz, A., de Beer, C., Jonas, K., & Stenneken, P. (2019) · Journal of Communication Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jcomdis.2019.01.003 · Cited by 34
Evaluation of the Stroke-Specific Quality-of-Life (SSQOL) Scale in Mexico: A Preliminary Approach.
Cruz-Cruz, C., Martínez-Núñez, J., Perez, M. E., Kravzov-Jinich, J., Rios-Castañeda, C., & Altagracia-Martínez, M. (2013) · Value in Health Regional Issues · doi:10.1016/j.vhri.2013.04.002 · Cited by 33
The SEIQoL-DW is a valid method for measuring individual quality of life in stroke survivors attending a secondary prevention clinic
LeVasseur, S. A., Green, S., & Talman, P. S. (2005) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-004-0795-x · Cited by 30
“The lack of inclusion of a stroke-specific instrument such as the SA-SIP30 [51], Stroke Impact Scale Version 2 [52], or Stroke Specific Quality of Life Measure [53] to assess criterion validity of the SEIQoL-DW is a limitation of the study.”
Recovery of mobility function and life-space mobility after ischemic stroke: the MOBITEC-Stroke study protocol
Rößler, R., Bridenbaugh, S. A., Engelter, S. T., Weibel, R., Infanger, D., Giannouli, E., Sofios, A., Iendra, L., Portegijs, E., Rantanen, T., et al. (2020) · BMC Neurology · doi:10.1186/s12883-020-01920-z · Cited by 30
“Health-related quality of life will be assessed using the Stroke-Specific Quality of Life scale (SS-QoL); total score as well as subscores will be calculated [58, 59].”
Method
Acupuncture for insomnia after ischemic stroke: an assessor-participant blinded, randomized controlled trial
Cao, Y., Yan, Y., Xu, J., Liwayiding, A., Liu, Y., Yin, X., Lao, L., Zhang, Z., & Xu, S. (2022) · Acupuncture in Medicine · doi:10.1177/09645284221077106 · Cited by 29
The Burden of Stroke Scale (BOSS) provided valid, reliable, and responsive score estimates of functioning and well-being during the first year of recovery from stroke
Doyle, P. J., McNeil, M. R., Bost, J. E., Ross, K., Wambaugh, J. L., Hula, W. D., & Mikolic, J. M. (2007) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-007-9247-8 · Cited by 29
“Nevertheless, the BOSS has unique advantages over recently developed stroke-specific HRQOL assessments [9, 11, 14].”
BackgroundMethod
The effect of a locally adapted, secondary stroke risk factor self-management program on medication adherence among veterans with stroke/TIA
Damush, T. M., Myers, L. J., ANDERSON, J. A., Yu, Z., Ofner, S., Nicholas, G., Kimmel, B., Schmid, A. A., Kent, T. A., & Williams, L. S. (2015) · Translational Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s13142-015-0348-6 · Cited by 28
Self-citation
The effectiveness of self-management interventions with action-taking components in improving health-related outcomes for adult stroke survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Oh, H. X., Silva, D. A. D., Toh, Z. A., Pikkarainen, M. A., Wu, X. V., & He, H. G. (2021) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2021.2001057 · Cited by 28
Validation of the 12-Item Stroke-Specific Quality of Life Scale in a Biethnic Stroke Population
Kerber, K. A., Brown, D. L., Skolarus, L. E., Morgenstern, L. B., Smith, M. A., Garcia, N. M., & Lisabeth, L. D. (2012) · Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2012.08.011 · Cited by 28
The use of the comprehensive International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health core set for stroke for chronic outpatients in three Brazilian rehabilitation facilities
Riberto, M., Lopes, K. A. T., Chiappetta, L. M., Lourenção, M. I. P., & Battistella, L. R. (2012) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.3109/09638288.2012.694573 · Cited by 28
Fundamentals of cognitive rehabilitation
Mateer, C. A. (2005) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198526544.003.0003 · Cited by 28
Acceptability, reliability, and validity of the Stroke and Aphasia Quality of Life Scale-39 (SAQOL-39) across languages: a systematic review.
Ahmadi, A., Tohidast, S. A., Mansuri, B., Kamali, M., & Krishnan, G. (2017) · Clinical Rehabilitation · doi:10.1177/0269215517690017 · Cited by 27
Long-Term Outcomes of Vagus Nerve Stimulation Paired With Upper Extremity Rehabilitation After Stroke
Kimberley, T. J., Cramer, S. C., Wolf, S. L., Liu, C. Y., Gochyyev, P., Dawson, J., Dixit, A. K., Majid, A., Brown, B. L., Turner, D. L., et al. (2025) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.124.050479 · Cited by 27
Patient-reported outcome measures in subarachnoid hemorrhage
Nobels-Janssen, E., van der Wees, P. J., Verhagen, W. I. M., Westert, G. P., Bartels, R., & Boogaarts, J. H. D. (2019) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000007618 · Cited by 27
Development of Two Barthel Index-Based Supplementary Scales for Patients with Stroke
Lee, Y., Chen, S.-S., Koh, C., Hsueh, I., Yao, K.-P., & Hsieh, C. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0110494 · Cited by 27
Reliability and Validity of COOP/WONCA Functional Health Status Charts for Stroke Patients in Primary Care
Lennon, O. C., Carey, A., Creed, A., Durcan, S., & Blake, C. M. (2010) · Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2010.02.020 · Cited by 27
Anosognosia, neglect and quality of life of right hemisphere stroke survivors
Dai, C. ‐., Liu, W.-M., Chen, S. ‐., Yang, C. ‐., Tung, Y., Chou, L., & Lin, L.-C. (2014) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/ene.12413 · Cited by 27
“Higher scores indicate better QOL [23].”
Decreased Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Serum Concentrations in Chronic Post-Stroke Subjects
dos Santos, G. L., Alcântara, C. C., Silva‐Couto, M. A., García-Salazar, L. F., & Russo, T. L. (2016) · Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2016.08.014 · Cited by 29
Evaluation of a community of practice for speech-language pathologists in aphasia rehabilitation: a logic analysis
Gauvreau, C. A., Dorze, G. L., Kairy, D., & Croteau, C. (2019) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-019-4338-0 · Cited by 33
Stroke specific quality of life questionnaire: Test of reliability and validity of the Persian version.
Mahmoodi, M., Safari, A., Vossoughi, M., Golbon-Haghighi, F., Kamali, M., Ghaem, H., & Borhani‐Haghighi, A. (2015) · PubMed Central · Cited by 26
Effects of Chronic Care Model-based interventions on self-management, quality of life and patient satisfaction in patients with ischemic stroke: A single-blinded randomized controlled trial.
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Brain‐oscillation-synchronized stimulation to enhance motor recovery in early subacute stroke: a randomized controlled double‐blind three‐ arm parallel‐group exploratory trial comparing personalized, non‐ personalized and sham repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (Acronym: BOSS-STROKE)
Lieb, A., Zrenner, B., Zrenner, C., Kozák, G., Martus, P., Grefkes, C., & Ziemann, U. (2023) · BMC Neurology · doi:10.1186/s12883-023-03235-1 · Cited by 27
“The SS‐QOL is a patient‐centered outcome measure designed to provide an assessment of health‐related quality‐of life specific to patients with stroke [26, 27].”
Background
Posttraumatic stress disorder after a first-ever intracerebral hemorrhage in the Chinese population: A pilot study
Jiang, C. (2018) · Applied Neuropsychology Adult · doi:10.1080/23279095.2018.1451334 · Cited by 26
Translation and validation of the stroke specific quality of life scale into Arabic
Sallam, S. A., Al-Khamis, F. A., Muaidi, Q. I., & Abdulla, F. A. (2019) · Neurorehabilitation · doi:10.3233/nre-182552 · Cited by 25
Symptoms and consequences of subarachnoid haemorrhage after 7 years
Persson, H., Törnbom, M., Winsö, O., & Sunnerhagen, K. S. (2019) · Acta Neurologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/ane.13163 · Cited by 25
Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment in the Management of Older Patients With Cardiovascular Disease
Singh, M., Spertus, J. A., Gharacholou, S. M., Arora, R. C., Widmer, R. J., Kanwar, A., Sanjanwala, R., Welle, G. A., & Al-Hijji, M. A. (2020) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2019.09.003 · Cited by 25
Effect of Strengthening Exercise in Addition to Task-Specific Gait Training after Stroke: a Randomised Trial
Scianni, A. A., Teixeira‐Salmela, L. F., & Ada, L. (2010) · International Journal of Stroke · doi:10.1111/j.1747-4949.2010.00449.x · Cited by 24
Similar Effects of Two Modified Constraint-Induced Therapy Protocols on Motor Impairment, Motor Function and Quality of Life in Patients with Chronic Stroke
Souza, W. C., Conforto, A., Orsini, M., Stern, A., & André, C. (2015) · Neurology International · doi:10.4081/ni.2015.5430 · Cited by 22
Ethnic Differences in Poststroke Quality of Life in the Brain Attack Surveillance in Corpus Christi (BASIC) Project
Reeves, S. L., Brown, D. L., Baek, J., Wing, J. J., Morgenstern, L. B., & Lisabeth, L. D. (2015) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.115.010328 · Cited by 25
A Role for New Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Modalities in Daily Clinical Practice: Protocol of the Prediction of Cognitive Recovery After Stroke (PROCRAS) Study
Aben, H. P., Reijmer, Y., Visser-Meily, J., Spikman, J., de Bresser, J., Biessels, G., & de Kort, P. D. (2018) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/resprot.9431 · Cited by 26
“…for Cognitive and Emotional problems after stroke [55]; quality of life using the short version of the Stroke Specific Quality of Life Scale [56]; participation using the Utrecht Scale for Evaluation of Rehabilitation-Participation [57,58]; and global health using the Patient-Reported…”
International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health-based rehabilitation program promotes activity and participation of post-stroke patients
Wong, M. N.-K., Cheung, M. K.-T., Ng, Y.-M., Yuan, H.-L., Lam, B. Y., Fu, S. N., & Chan, C. C. H. (2023) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2023.1235500 · Cited by 24
“The Chinese version of the Stroke Specific Quality of Life Scale (SSQoL-C) measures post-stroke patients’ health-related quality of life with good internal consistency ( α > 0.63) and acceptable convergent validity (Spearman’s rho >0.40) (36, 37).”
BackgroundInfluential
A comprehensive overview of post-stroke depression treatment options
Raggi, A., Serretti, A., & Ferri, R. (2023) · International Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/yic.0000000000000532 · Cited by 24
“Among these questionnaires, the Stroke-Specific Quality of Life (Williams et al ., 1999) can be mentioned.”
Method
Bibliometric analysis of stroke and quality of life
Chen, M., Zhang, Y., Dong, L., & Guo, X. (2023) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2023.1143713 · Cited by 24
Structural Equation Modeling on Quality of Life in Stroke Survivors
Suh, M., & Choi‐Kwon, S. (2010) · Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing · doi:10.4040/jkan.2010.40.4.533 · Cited by 24
The relationship between communication activities of daily living and quality of life among the elderly suffering from stroke
Byeon, H., & Koh, H. W. (2016) · Journal of Physical Therapy Science · doi:10.1589/jpts.28.1450 · Cited by 25
Do patient-reported outcome measures for SAH include patient, family, and caregiver priorities?
Saigle, V., Asad, S. S., Presseau, J., Chassé, M., McIntyre, L., & English, S. W. (2019) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000006883 · Cited by 24
Stroke Specific Quality of Life Scale: Danish adaptation and a pilot study for testing psychometric properties
Muus, I., & Ringsberg, K. C. (2005) · Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1471-6712.2005.00323.x · Cited by 24
Testing the Effectiveness of Knowledge and Behavior Therapy in Patients of Hemiplegic Stroke
Chang, K., Zhang, H., Xia, Y., & Chen, C. (2011) · Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation · doi:10.1310/tsr1805-525 · Cited by 24
Stroke Outcome Measures
Kelly‐Hayes, M. (2004) · The Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing · doi:10.1097/00005082-200409000-00005 · Cited by 24
Mindfulness Meditation Effects on Poststroke Spasticity: A Feasibility Study
Wathugala, M., Saldana, D., Juliano, J. M., Chan, J., & Liew, S.-L. (2019) · Journal of Evidence-Based Integrative Medicine · doi:10.1177/2515690x19855941 · Cited by 23
French validation of the Stroke Specific Quality of Life Scale (SS-QoL)
Legris, N., Devilliers, H., Daumas, A., Carnet, D., Charpy, J.-P., Bastable, P., Giroud, M., & Béjot, Y. (2018) · Neurorehabilitation · doi:10.3233/nre-172178 · Cited by 24
Effects of Self-Management Intervention Programs Based on the Health Belief Model and Planned Behavior Theory on Self-Management Behavior and Quality of Life in Middle-Aged Stroke Patients
Li, Y., Zhang, S., Song, J., Tuo, M., Sun, C., & Yang, F. (2021) · Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1155/2021/8911143 · Cited by 23
“*e quality of life of stroke patients was evaluated by the Stroke-Specific Quality-of-Life Scale (SS-QOL) [25].”
Method
Retracted
Self- and surrogate-reported communication functioning in aphasia
Doyle, P. J., Hula, W. D., Hula, S. N. A., Stone, C. A., Wambaugh, J. L., Ross, K., & Schumacher, J. G. (2012) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-012-0224-5 · Cited by 23
Construct validity of the items on the Stroke Specific Quality of Life (SS-QOL) questionnaire that evaluate the participation component of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health
Silva, S. M., Corrêa, F. I., Pereira, G. S., Faria, C. D. C. D. M., & Corrêa, J. C. F. (2016) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2016.1250117 · Cited by 23
“To determine the convergent validity of the SS-QOL questionnaire for the evaluation of post-stroke participation, linear correlations were analyzed between the scores of the SS-QOL domains Family Roles, Mobility, Social Roles and Work/Productivity and corresponding subscales of the SF-36 (Table 1), as preformed during…”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Community-based Rehabilitation Training after stroke: protocol of a pilot randomised controlled trial (ReTrain)
Dean, S. G., Poltawski, L., Förster, A., Taylor, R. S., Spencer, A. E., James, M. A., Allison, R., Stevens, S., Norris, M., Shepherd, A. I., et al. (2016) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012375 · Cited by 23
Health-related quality of life after adverse bleeding events associated with antithrombotic drug therapy – A systematic review
Lodewijk, C. S., Lubberts, B., Shah, S., & DiGiovanni, C. W. (2018) · Hellenic Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.hjc.2018.06.012 · Cited by 23
A Meta-Analysis of Neuropsychological Predictors of Outcome Following Stroke and Other Non-Traumatic Acquired Brain Injuries in Adults
Watson, P. A., Gignac, G. E., Weinborn, M., Green, S. L., & Pestell, C. (2020) · Neuropsychology Review · doi:10.1007/s11065-020-09433-9 · Cited by 23
Applying Tai Chi as a rehabilitation program for stroke patients in the recovery phase: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Zhang, Y., Liu, H., Zhou, L., Chen, K., He, J., Zou, Y., & Li, Z. (2014) · Trials · doi:10.1186/1745-6215-15-484 · Cited by 22
“The Stroke-Specific Quality of Life Scale (SS-QOL) is a patient-reported outcome measure intended to provide an assessment of health-related quality of life specific to patients with stroke [31].”
Background
Effects of combining modern recovery techniques with neurotrophic medication and standard treatment in stroke patients
Uivaroșan, D., Ţiţ, D. M., Iovan, C., Nistor-Cseppento, C. D., Endres, L. M., Lazăr, L., Sava, C. N., SABĂU, A. M., Buhaș, C. L., Moleriu, L. C., et al. (2019) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.070 · Cited by 32
Resilience is an independent correlate of the course of quality of life in patients with first-ever ischemic stroke
Liu, Z., Zhou, X., Zhang, W., & Zhou, L. (2020) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610220000587 · Cited by 22
“The Stroke Scale Quality of Life (SS-QoL) is an instrument specifically designed to assess quality of life in patients with stroke (Williams et al., 1999).”
Method
The REACT study: design of a randomized phase 3 trial to assess the efficacy and safety of clazosentan for preventing deterioration due to delayed cerebral ischemia after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
Bruder, N. J., Higashida, R. T., Santin‐Janin, H., Dubois, C., Aldrich, E. F., Marr, A., Roux, S., & Mayer, S. A. (2022) · BMC Neurology · doi:10.1186/s12883-022-03002-8 · Cited by 22
“Stroke Specific Quality of Life SS‐QOL The SS-QOL is a patient-reported outcome measure developed to provide an assessment of health-related quality of life specific to patients with stroke [48], which has been validated in patients with aSAH [49].”
Background
Outcome after Thrombolysis for Acute Isolated Posterior Cerebral Artery Occlusion
Meier, N., Fischer, U., Schroth, G., Findling, O., Brekenfeld, C., El‐Koussy, M., Marchis, G. M. D., Mono, M., Jung, S. C., Gralla, J., et al. (2011) · Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1159/000328229 · Cited by 22
“Favorable outcome was defined as mRS score 0–2. Long-term follow-up after IAT was performed by a telephone interview (for mRS) and by a written questionnaire (see below) at a second time point ranging from month 10 to month 84 after stroke. QOL was assessed using the Stroke Specific Quality of Life (SSQOL) questionnai…”
Method
Validation of the Stroke-specific Quality of Life for patients after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and proposed summary subscores
Wong, G. K. C., Lam, S. W., Ngai, K., Wong, A., Poon, W. S., & Mok, V. (2012) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2012.06.025 · Cited by 22
Efficacy of Task-Specific Training on Physical Activity Levels of People With Stroke: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Martins, J. C., Aguiar, L. T., Nadeau, S. M., Scianni, A. A., Teixeira‐Salmela, L. F., & Faria, C. D. C. D. M. (2017) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.1093/physth/pzx032 · Cited by 24
Un outil francophone de mesure de la qualité de vie de l’aphasique : le SIP-65
Benaïm, C., Pelissier, J. Y., Petiot, S., Bareil, M., Ferrat, É., Royer, E., Milhau, D., & Hérisson, C. (2003) · Annales de Réadaptation et de Médecine Physique · doi:10.1016/s0168-6054(02)00306-9 · Cited by 22
A history of cognitive rehabilitation
Prigatano, G. P. (2005) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198526544.003.0001 · Cited by 22
Efficacy of adhesive taping as an adjunt to physical rehabilitation to influence outcomes post-stroke: a systematic review
Grampurohit, N., Pradhan, S. D., & Kartin, D. (2015) · Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation · doi:10.1179/1074935714z.0000000031 · Cited by 21
Assessing Success after Cerebral Revascularization for Ischemia
Wanebo, J. E., Amin‐Hanjani, S., Boyd, C. M., & Peery, T. S. (2005) · Skull base · doi:10.1055/s-2005-872597 · Cited by 21
“patients and is more comprehensive in attempting to capture higher levels of physical function and quality of life.(13) While it is important to assess the functional”
Background
Shoulder strapping for stroke-related upper limb dysfunction and shoulder impairments: Systematic review
Appel, C., Perry, L., & Jones, F. (2014) · Neurorehabilitation · doi:10.3233/nre-141108 · Cited by 21
Study protocol: a randomised controlled trial of a nurse-led community-based self-management programme for improving recovery among community-residing stroke survivors
Lo, S. H. S., Chang, A. M., & Chau, J. P. C. (2016) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-016-1642-9 · Cited by 21

Authors: Williams, L. S., Weinberger, M., Harris, L. E., Clark, D. O., & Biller, J.
Affiliations: Regenstrief Institute (US)
From Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center (L.S.W., M.W.); Departments of Neurology (L.S.W., J.B.) and Medicine (M.W., L.E.H., D.O.C.), Indiana University School of Medicine; and Regenstrief Institute for Health Care (L.S.W., M.W., L.E.H., D.O.C.), Indianapolis, Ind.
ORCID: Williams, Linda S.
Harris, Lisa E.
Clark, Daniel O.
Venue: Stroke
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 1999-07
Volume: 30
Issue: 7
Pages: 1362-1369
ISSN: 0039-2499 (ISSN-L)
1524-4628
DOI: 10.1161/01.str.30.7.1362
OpenAlex: W2151560640
Cited by: 914
References: 19
Citations by year: 2026: 51 · 2025: 54 · 2024: 66 · 2023: 60 · 2022: 45 · 2021: 55 · 2020: 56 · 2019: 49 · 2018: 48 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 41 · 2015: 35 · 2014: 36 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 29
FWCI: 8.87
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Stroke (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Office of Research and Development
Health Services Research and Development
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery
Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
Health Sciences › Nursing › Research and Theory › Health Education and Validation
Keywords: stroke-specific quality of life, health-related quality of life, ischemic stroke, patient-centered outcomes, stroke trials, scale development, construct validity, responsiveness, internal consistency, patient interviews
MeSH terms: Adult, Affect, Aged, Cerebral Infarction, Brain Ischemia, Cognition, Fatigue, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Locomotion, Male, Middle Aged, Movement, Personality, Quality of Life, Surveys and Questionnaires, Role, Self Care, Speech, Vision, Ocular, Work, Reproducibility of Results

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Development of a Stroke-Specific Quality of Life Scale

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