The DOI matches its Crossref record, with a small difference in title or year; 74 of the 76 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Forecasting the Future of Cardiovascular Disease in the United States: A Policy Statement From the American Heart Association
Open accessAbstract
Background—: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States and is responsible for 17% of national health expenditures. As the population ages, these costs are expected to increase substantially. Methods and Results—: To prepare for future cardiovascular care needs, the American Heart Association developed methodology to project future costs of care for hypertension, coronary heart disease, heart failure, stroke, and all other CVD from 2010 to 2030. This methodology avoided double counting of costs for patients with multiple cardiovascular conditions. By 2030, 40.5% of the US population is projected to have some form of CVD. Between 2010 and 2030, real (2008$) total direct medical costs of CVD are projected to triple, from $273 billion to $818 billion. Real indirect costs (due to lost productivity) for all CVD are estimated to increase from $172 billion in 2010 to $276 billion in 2030, an increase of 61%. Conclusions—: These findings indicate CVD prevalence and costs are projected to increase substantially. Effective prevention strategies are needed if we are to limit the growing burden of CVD.
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“Hypertension (HTN) and diabetes mellitus are major risk factors for cardiac diseases, stroke, and kidney diseases [1-5].”
From Effectiveness of Digital Medicines to Improve Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Uncontrolled Hypertension and Type 2 Diabetes: Prospective, Open-Label, Cluster-Randomized Pilot Clinical Trial (2017) · cites this paper as [5]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“However, the prevalence of ideal cardiovascular health is very low in the US population, and the prevalence of poor-quality diet, physical inactivity, and overweight/obesity is alarmingly high, presaging a worsening of the current distribution of health biomarkers.1–8”
From Better Population Health Through Behavior Change in Adults: A Call to Action (2013) · cites this paper as [2]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“The higher the level of care based on the guidelines and performance measures, the better the impact on prevention and recurrent events.82,437”
From European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (version 2012) (2012) · cites this paper as [437]
In the citing paper
“This approach has a significant impact on mid-term prognosis.250,437”
From European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (version 2012) (2012) · cites this paper as [437]
In the citing paper
“A link exists between accuracy in recordings and both quality of care and adherence to guidelines.437”
From European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (version 2012) (2012) · cites this paper as [437]
In the citing paper
“Targeting lower levels in the health impact pyramid will also address the socio-economic divide in CV health, which has not diminished despite major improvements in the treatment of CVD in recent decades. 9,10”
From 2016 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidaemias (2016) · cites this paper as [9]
In the citing paper
“Targeting lower levels in the health impact pyramid will also address the socio-economic divide in CV health, which has not diminished despite major improvements in the treatment of CVD in recent decades.9,10”
From 2016 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidaemias (2016) · cites this paper as [9]
In the citing paper
“However, the prevalence of ideal cardiovascular health is very low in the US population, and the prevalence of poor-quality diet, physical inactivity, and overweight/obesity is alarmingly high, presaging a worsening of the current distribution of health biomarkers.1–8”
From Better Population Health Through Behavior Change in Adults: A Call to Action (2013) · cites this paper as [2]
In the citing paper
“However, the prevalence of ideal cardiovascular health is very low in the US population, and the prevalence of poor-quality diet, physical inactivity, and overweight/obesity is alarmingly high, presaging a worsening of the current distribution of health biomarkers.1–8”
From Better Population Health Through Behavior Change in Adults: A Call to Action (2013) · cites this paper as [2]
In the citing paper
“with direct annual cardiovascular disease–related costs projected to triple, from $272 billion in 2010 to $818 billion in 2030,2”
From Better Population Health Through Behavior Change in Adults: A Call to Action (2013) · cites this paper as [2]
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Citations
Cites
European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (version 2012)
Authors/Task Force Members:, Perk, J., De Backer, G., Gohlke, H., Graham, I., Reiner, Ž., Verschuren, M., Albus, C., Benlian, P., Boysen, G., et al. (2012) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehs092 · Cited by 8,490
Grundy, S. M., Cleeman, J. I., Merz, C. N. B., Brewer, H. B., Clark, L. T., Hunninghake, D. B., Pasternak, R. C., Smith, S. C., & Stone, N. J. (2004) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000133317.49796.0e · Cited by 6,902
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Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2010 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association
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Sequence Variations in PCSK9, Low LDL, and Protection against Coronary Heart Disease
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López, A. D., Mathers, C. D., Ezzati, M., Jamison, D. T. T., & Murray, C. J. L. (2006) · World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks · doi:10.1596/978-0-8213-6262-4 · Cited by 2,714
Hajjar, I. M. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.290.2.199 · Cited by 2,399
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- Institute of Medicine. The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health [prepublication]. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2011
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2017 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association
Benjamin, E. J., Blaha, M. J., Chiuve, S. E., Cushman, M., Das, S. R., Deo, R., de Ferranti, S. D., Floyd, J., Fornage, M., Gillespie, C., et al. (2017) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000485 · Cited by 12,591
2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure
Yancy, C. W., Jessup, M., Bozkurt, B., Butler, J., Casey, D. E., Drazner, M. H., Fonarow, G. C., Geraci, S. A., Horwich, T., Januzzi, J. L., et al. (2013) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2013.05.019 · Cited by 12,536
Self-citationHeart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2020 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association
Virani, S. S., Alonso, A., Benjamin, E. J., Bittencourt, M. S., Callaway, C. W., Carson, A. P., Chamberlain, A. M., Chang, A. R., Cheng, S., Delling, F. N., et al. (2020) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000757 · Cited by 9,175
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2019 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association
Benjamin, E. J., Muntner, P., Alonso, A., Bittencourt, M. S., Callaway, C. W., Carson, A. P., Chamberlain, A. M., Chang, A. R., Cheng, S., Das, S. R., et al. (2019) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000659 · Cited by 9,036
European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (version 2012)
Authors/Task Force Members:, Perk, J., De Backer, G., Gohlke, H., Graham, I., Reiner, Ž., Verschuren, M., Albus, C., Benlian, P., Boysen, G., et al. (2012) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehs092 · Cited by 8,490
Metadata
- Authors
- Heidenreich, P. A., Trogdon, J. G., Khavjou, O. A., Butler, J., Dracup, K., Ezekowitz, M. D., Finkelstein, E. A., Hong, Y., Johnston, S. C., Khera, A., Lloyd-Jones, D. M., Nelson, S. A., Nichol, G., Orenstein, D., Wilson, P. W. F., & Woo, Y. J.
- Affiliations
- American Heart Association (US)
- Neurology, Inc (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Circulation
- Published
- 2011-03
- Volume
- 123
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 933-944
- ISSN
- 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4539
- OpenAlex
- W2130483595
- Cited by
- 3,208
- References
- 76
- Citations by year
- 2026: 43 · 2025: 100 · 2024: 108 · 2023: 124 · 2022: 159 · 2021: 170 · 2020: 210 · 2019: 207 · 2018: 232 · 2017: 291 · 2016: 283 · 2015: 337 · 2014: 366 · 2013: 318 · 2012: 190
- FWCI
- 206.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Circulation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DukeSpace (Duke University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Healthcare Systems and Public Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Health Promotion and Cardiovascular Prevention
- Keywords
- cardiovascular disease, cost projections, direct medical costs, indirect costs, productivity loss, hypertension, coronary artery disease, heart failure, stroke, cardiovascular disease prevalence, health care costs, cardiovascular disease prevention, United States
- MeSH terms
- American Heart Association, Cardiovascular Diseases, Coronary Disease, Forecasting, Heart Failure, Humans, Hypertension, United States, Health Care Costs, Stroke, Policy
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