Favorable Cardiovascular Risk Profile Is Associated With Lower Healthcare Costs and Resource Utilization: The 2012 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey
Abstract
Background The American Heart Association's 2020 Strategic Goals emphasize the value of optimizing risk factor status to reduce the burden of morbidity and mortality. In this study, we aimed to quantify the overall and marginal impact of favorable cardiovascular risk factor (CRF) profile on healthcare expenditure and resource utilization in the United States among those with and without cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods and results The study population was derived from the 2012 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS). Direct and indirect costs were calculated for all-cause healthcare resource utilization. Variables of interest included CVD diagnoses (coronary artery disease, stroke, peripheral artery disease, dysrhythmias, or heart failure), ascertained by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Edition, Clinical Modification codes, and CRF profile (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, smoking, physical activity, and obesity). Two-part econometric models were used to study expenditure data. The final study sample consisted of 15 651 MEPS participants (58.5±12 years, 54% female). Overall, 5921 (37.8%) had optimal, 7002 (44.7%) had average, and 2728 (17.4%) had poor CRF profile, translating to 54.2, 64.1, and 24.9 million adults in United States, respectively. Significantly lower health expenditures were noted with favorable CRF profile across CVD status. Among study participants with established CVD, overall healthcare expenditures with optimal an…
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Reducing cardiovascular risk may reduce healthcare expenditures, which may unburden both patients and the U.S. health care system at large.
“Moreover, reducing cardiovascular risk may reduce healthcare expenditures, which may unburden both patients and the U.S. health care system at large [49], [50], [51].”
From Income disparity and utilization of cardiovascular preventive care services among U.S. adults (2021) · cites this paper as [50]
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“Because of the right skewedness of expenditures data (ie, most expenditures are seen in only a small proportion of the population), 2-part models were used to study expenditures.(21) Two-part models are often used to model healthcare expenditures and are the product of: (1) the probability that any given individual ha…”
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Self-citationHeart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2020 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association
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Self-citationHeart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2019 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association
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Self-citationIncome disparity and utilization of cardiovascular preventive care services among U.S. adults
Shahu, A., Okunrintemi, V., Tibuakuu, M., Khan, S. U., Gulati, M., Marvel, F., Blumenthal, R. S., & Michos, E. D. (2021) · American Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ajpc.2021.100286 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Valero-Elizondo, J., Salami, J. A., Ogunmoroti, O., Osondu, C. U., Aneni, E. C., Malik, R., Spatz, E. S., Rana, J. S., Virani, S. S., Blankstein, R., Blaha, M. J., Veledar, E., & Nasir, K.
- Affiliations
- From the Center for Healthcare Advancement and Outcomes (J.V.-E., J.A.S., O.O., C.U.O., E.C.A., R.M., E.V., K.N.) and Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute (K.N.), Baptist Health South Florida, Miami; Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health (O.O., C.U.O., E.C.A., E.V., K.N.) and Department of Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine (K.N.), Florida International University, Miami; Department of Internal Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL (E.C.A.);...
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes
- Published
- 2016-03
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 143-153
- ISSN
- 1941-7705 (ISSN-L)
- 1941-7713
- OpenAlex
- W2291427103
- Cited by
- 51
- References
- 4
- Citations by year
- 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 5.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Circulation Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eCommons - AKU (Aga Khan University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals
- Quest Diagnostics
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Health Promotion and Cardiovascular Prevention
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Healthcare Policy and Management
- Keywords
- cardiovascular risk factors, cardiovascular disease, health care costs, healthcare resource utilization, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, smoking, physical activity, obesity, coronary artery disease, stroke, heart failure, peripheral arterial disease, cardiac arrhythmias, Medical Expenditure Panel Survey
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Health Expenditures, Female, Health Resources, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Preventive Health Services, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, United States, Cost Savings, Health Care Costs, Risk Assessment, Health Care Surveys
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