Effect of Amiodarone and Sotalol on Ventricular Defibrillation Threshold: The Optimal Pharmacological Therapy in Cardioverter Defibrillator Patients (OPTIC) Trial
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Background— Many patients with implanted cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) receive adjunctive antiarrhythmic drug therapy, most commonly amiodarone or sotalol. The effects of these drugs on defibrillation energy requirements have not been previously assessed in a randomized controlled trial. Methods and Results— The Optimal Pharmacological Therapy in Cardioverter Defibrillator Patients (OPTIC) trial was a randomized clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of amiodarone plus β-blocker and sotalol versus β-blocker alone for reduction of ICD shocks. Within OPTIC, a prospectively designed substudy evaluated the effects of the 3 treatment arms on defibrillation energy requirements. Defibrillation thresholds (DFTs) were measured (binary step-down protocol) at baseline and again after 8 to 12 weeks of therapy in 94 patients, of whom 29 were randomized to receive β-blocker therapy (control group), 35 to amiodarone plus β-blocker, and 30 to sotalol. In the control group, the mean DFT decreased from 8.77±5.15 J at baseline to 7.13±3.43 J ( P =0.027); in the amiodarone group, DFT increased from 8.53±4.29 to 9.82±5.84 J ( P =0.091). In the sotalol group, DFT decreased from 8.09±4.81 to 7.20±5.30 J ( P =0.21). DFT changes in the β-blocker and the amiodarone group were significantly different ( P =0.006). In all patients, adequate safety margins for defibrillation were maintained. No clinical variable predicted baseline DFT or changes in DFT on therapy. Conclusion— Although amiodarone increased DFT, the effect size with modern ICD systems is very small. Therefore, DFT reassessment after the institution of antiarrhythmic drug therapy with amiodarone or sotalol is not routinely required.
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Data on the impact of antiarrhythmic drugs on the defibrillation threshold are variable, but 1 randomized study has suggested that amiodarone may increase, whereas sotalol and beta-blockers decrease, the defibrillation threshold.
“Data on the impact of antiarrhythmic drugs, used for atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, as well, on the defibrillation threshold are variable, but 1 randomized study 76 has suggested that amiodarone may increase, whereas sotalol and β-blockers decrease, the defibrillation threshold.”
From Managing with pacemakers and implantable cardioverter defibrillators (2013) · cites this paper as [76]
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- Authors
- Hohnloser, S. H., Dorian, P., Roberts, R., Gent, M., Israel, C. W., Fain, E., Champagne, J., & Connolly, S. J.
- Affiliations
- Goethe University Frankfurt (DE)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Circulation
- Published
- 2006-07-11
- Volume
- 114
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 104-109
- ISSN
- 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4539
- OpenAlex
- W2026225505
- Cited by
- 179
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 9.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Circulation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- McMaster University
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac pacing and defibrillation studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Arrhythmias and Treatments
- Keywords
- amiodarone, sotalol, implantable cardioverter-defibrillator, antiarrhythmic drugs, beta-blockers, defibrillation energy requirements, ICD shocks
- MeSH terms
- Carvedilol, Adrenergic beta-Antagonists, Aged, Amiodarone, Anti-Arrhythmia Agents, Atrial Fibrillation, Carbazoles, Combined Modality Therapy, Female, Heart Arrest, Humans, Male, Metoprolol, Middle Aged, Myocardial Infarction, Propanolamines, Sotalol, Ventricular Fibrillation, Ventricular Function, Left, Defibrillators, Implantable, Bisoprolol
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