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Subclinical Brain Embolization in Left-Sided Infective Endocarditis: Results From the Evaluation by MRI of the Brains of Patients With Left-Sided Intracardiac Solid Masses (EMBOLISM) Pilot Study
Abstract
Background— Acute brain embolization (ABE) in left-sided infective endocarditis has significant implications for clinical decision making. The true incidence of ABE, including subclinical brain embolization, is unknown. Methods and Results— We prospectively studied 56 patients with definite left-sided infective endocarditis. Patients were examined by a study neurologist, and those without contraindication had magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. Patients without clinical evidence of acute stroke but with magnetic resonance imaging evidence of ABE were considered to have subclinical brain embolization. Clinical stroke was present in 14 of 56 patients (25%). Among 40 patients undergoing magnetic resonance imaging, the incidence rates of subclinical brain embolization and any ABE were 48% and 80%, respectively. ABE was present in 18 of 19 patients (95%) with Staphylococcus aureus infection. At 3 months, mortality was similar among patients with clinical stroke and subclinical brain embolization (62% versus 53%; P =NS) and was higher among patients with any ABE than among those without ABE (56% versus 12%; P =0.046). Valvular surgery was performed in 25 patients (45%), including 16 with ABE, at a median of 4 days. No patient suffered a postoperative neurological complication. Surgery was independently associated with a lower risk of mortality at 3 months (odds ratio, 0.1; 95% confidence interval, 0.03 to 0.6; P =0.008). Conclusions— Magnetic resonance imaging detected subclinical brain embolization in a substantial number of patients with left-sided infective endocarditis, suggesting that the incidence of ABE may be significantly higher than reports based on clinical and computed tomography findings have indicated. Brain magnetic resonance imaging may play a role in the complex decision about surgical intervention in infective endocarditis.
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“Investigations have suggested better outcomes for IE patients with ischemic stroke who undergo early cardiac surgery.[268][269][270][271][272]”
From Infective Endocarditis in Adults: Diagnosis, Antimicrobial Therapy, and Management of Complications: A Scientific Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association (2015) · cites this paper as [268]
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ACC/AHA 2006 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease
Bonow, R. O., Carabello, B. A., Chatterjee, K., de Leon, A. C., Faxon, D. P., Freed, M. D., Gaasch, W. H., Lytle, B. W., Nishimura, R. A., O’Gara, P. T., et al. (2006) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.106.176857 · Cited by 8,487
Recommendations for Quantitation of the Left Ventricle by Two-Dimensional Echocardiography
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Proposed Modifications to the Duke Criteria for the Diagnosis of Infective Endocarditis
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ACC/AHA 2006 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease
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Staphylococcus aureus Endocarditis: A Consequence of Medical Progress
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Biomarkers in Acute Cardiac Disease
Jaffe, A. S., Babuin, L., & Apple, F. S. (2006) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2006.02.056 · Cited by 643
Risk of embolization after institution of antibiotic therapy for infective endocarditis
Vilacosta, I., Graupner, C., SanRomán, J., Sarriá, C., Ronderos, R., Fernández, C., Mancini, L., Sanz, O., Sanmartín, J., & Stoermann, W. (2002) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(02)01790-4 · Cited by 468
Echocardiography predicts embolic events in infective endocarditis
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2015 ESC Guidelines for the management of infective endocarditis
Habib, G., Lancellotti, P., Antunes, M. J., Bongiorni, M. G., Casalta, J., Zotti, F. D., Dulgheru, R., Khoury, G. A. E., Erba, P. A., Iung, B., et al. (2015) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehv319 · Cited by 5,086
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2023 ESC Guidelines for the management of endocarditis
Delgado, V., Marsan, N. A., de Waha, S., Bonaros, N. E., Brida, M., Burri, H., Caselli, S., Doenst, T., Éderhy, S., Erba, P. A., et al. (2023) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehad193 · Cited by 2,039
García-Cabrera, E., Fernández-Hidalgo, N., Almirante, B., Ivanova-Georgieva, R., Noureddine, M., Plata, A., Lomas, J. M., Gálvez-Acebal, J., Hidalgo-Tenorio, C., Ruíz-Morales, J., et al. (2013) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.112.000813 · Cited by 546
Silent and Apparent Cerebral Ischemia After Percutaneous Transfemoral Aortic Valve Implantation
Kahlert, P., Knipp, S. C., Schlamann, M. U., Thielmann, M., Al‐Rashid, F., Weber, M., Johansson, U., Wendt, D., Jakob, H. G., Forsting, M., et al. (2010) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.109.855866 · Cited by 520
Metadata
- Authors
- Cooper, H. A., Thompson, E. C., Laureno, R., Fuisz, A., Mark, A. S., Lin, M., & Goldstein, S. A.
- Affiliations
- MedStar Washington Hospital Center (US)
- Venue
- Circulation
- Published
- 2009-08-18
- Volume
- 120
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 585-591
- ISSN
- 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4539
- OpenAlex
- W1977906308
- Semantic Scholar
- 190d1ec0ecbf913682c56068d297ff8ee63ccc64
- Cited by
- 223
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 6.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Circulation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Infective Endocarditis Diagnosis and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Acute Ischemic Stroke Management
- Keywords
- left-sided endocarditis, Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis, stroke, brain MRI, heart valve surgery, mortality, timing of surgery
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Brain, Echocardiography, Endocarditis, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Pilot Projects, Prospective Studies, Staphylococcal Infections, Staphylococcus aureus, Incidence, Stroke, Intracranial Embolism
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