Cited by 354Cardiovascular Disease and AdiposityDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and LipoproteinsAdipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases

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Association Between Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Depots and Incident Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors

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Abraham, Tobin M., Pedley, Alison, Massaro, Joseph M., Hoffmann, Udo, Fox, Caroline S.·2015·Circulation

DOI 10.1161/circulationaha.114.015000PMC PMC4779497

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Abstract

Background—: Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) vary in volume and quality. We evaluated whether fat volume or attenuation (indirect measure of quality) predicts metabolic risk factor changes. Methods and Results—: Framingham Heart Study Multi-detector Computed Tomography Substudy participants (n=1730, 45% women) were followed up over a mean of 6.2 years. Baseline VAT and SAT volume (in cm 3 ) and attenuation (in Hounsfield units) were assessed. Outcomes included blood pressure, lipids, and glucose. We constructed multivariable regression models predicting change from baseline to follow-up. Baseline VAT was associated with metabolic risk factors at follow-up. Per 500-cm 3 increase in baseline VAT, glucose was 2.34 mg/dL higher (95% confidence interval, 1.71–2.97) and high-density lipoprotein was 1.62 mg/dL lower (95% confidence interval, 0.97–2.28) in women ( P <0.0001 for both). These findings remained significant after adjustment for body mass index. Results for SAT were similar although less striking. Lower (more negative) fat attenuation was associated with more adverse metabolic profiles at follow-up. For example, per 5-unit decrease in baseline VAT Hounsfield units, log triglycerides increased by 0.08 mg/dL (95% confidence interval, 0.05–0.12; P =0.005), which remained significant after adjustment for baseline VAT. Among men, VAT and SAT Hounsfield units were associated with changes in cardiovascular disease risk factors but were mostly attenuated after baseline volume adjustment. Conclusions—: VAT volume and SAT volume are associated with incident metabolic risk factors beyond overall adiposity. Decreases in fat attenuation are also associated with incident risk factors. These findings suggest that both volume and quality of VAT and SAT contribute to metabolic risk.

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Authors: Abraham, T. M., Pedley, A., Massaro, J. M., Hoffmann, U., & Fox, C. S.
Affiliations: Boston University (US)
ORCID: Massaro, Joseph M.
Hoffmann, Udo
Fox, Caroline S.
Venue: Circulation
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 2015-10-27
Volume: 132
Issue: 17
Pages: 1639-1647
ISSN: 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
1524-4539
DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.114.015000
PMC: PMC4779497
OpenAlex: W1916252988
Cited by: 353
References: 31
Citations by year: 2026: 14 · 2025: 48 · 2024: 36 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 41 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 1
FWCI: 17.70
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: Circulation (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (Z99 HL999999, n01hc25195-41-0-1)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (ZIAHL006094, N01‐HC25195, N01-HC-025195)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
Keywords: visceral adipose tissue, subcutaneous adipose tissue, fat attenuation, adipose tissue volume, cardiovascular risk factors, metabolic risk factors, blood pressure, lipids, glucose, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, sex differences, body mass index
MeSH terms: Adult, Alcohol Drinking, Anthropometry, Cardiovascular Diseases, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Hyperlipidemias, Hypertension, Male, Middle Aged, Organ Size, Prospective Studies, Risk, Sex Factors, Smoking, United States, Body Mass Index, Incidence, Metabolic Syndrome, Subcutaneous Fat, Intra-Abdominal Fat, Adiposity, Multidetector Computed Tomography

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Association Between Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Depots and Incident Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors

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