The DOI matches its Crossref record; 60 of the 60 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Prognostic Importance of Impaired Systolic Function in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction and the Impact of Spironolactone
Open accessAbstract
Background—: Impairment in left ventricular systolic function has been described in heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), but its prognostic relevance is not known. We determined whether left ventricular longitudinal strain (LS) is predictive of cardiovascular outcomes in HFpEF beyond clinical and conventional echocardiographic measures. Methods and Results—: LS was assessed by 2-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography at baseline in 447 patients with HFpEF enrolled in the Treatment of Preserved Cardiac Function Heart Failure With an Aldosterone Antagonist (TOPCAT) trial. At a median follow-up of 2.6 years (interquartile range, 1.5–3.9 years), 115 patients experienced the primary composite outcome of cardiovascular death, HF hospitalization, or aborted cardiac arrest. Impaired LS, defined as an absolute LS <15.8%, was present in 52% of patients and was predictive of the composite outcome (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.26–3.66; P =0.005), cardiovascular death alone (adjusted hazard ratio, 3.20; 95% confidence interval, 1.44–7.12; P =0.004), and HF hospitalization alone (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.23; 95% confidence interval, 1.16–4.28; P =0.016) after adjustment for clinical and conventional echocardiographic variables. LS was the strongest echocardiographic predictor of the composite outcome. Exploratory analysis in a subset of 131 patients with follow-up LS assessed after 12 to 18 months demonstrated a trend toward improvement in LS associated with spironolactone in patients enrolled in the Americas but not in Russia or Georgia. Conclusions—: Impaired left ventricular systolic function is a powerful predictor of HF hospitalization, cardiovascular death, or aborted cardiac arrest in HFpEF independent of clinical predictors. Impaired LS represents a novel imaging biomarker to identify patients with HFpEF at particularly high risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Clinical Trial Registration—: URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT00094302.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Ahmed, A., Jorna, T., & Bhandari, S. (2016) · The Nephron journals/Nephron journals · doi:10.1159/000447068 · Cited by 11,782
Lang, R. M., Bierig, M., Devereux, R. B., Flachskampf, F. A., Foster, E., Pellikka, P. A., Picard, M. H., Roman, M. J., Seward, J., Shanewise, J. S., et al. (2005) · Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography · doi:10.1016/j.echo.2005.10.005 · Cited by 11,318
Self-citationRudski, L., Lai, W. W., Afilalo, J., Hua, L., Handschumacher, M. D., Chandrasekaran, K., Solomon, S. D., Louie, E. K., & Schiller, N. B. (2010) · Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography · doi:10.1016/j.echo.2010.05.010 · Cited by 7,080
Self-citationTrends in Prevalence and Outcome of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
Owan, T., Hodge, D. O., Herges, R. M., Jacobsen, S. J., Roger, V. L., & Redfield, M. M. (2006) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa052256 · Cited by 4,209
THE ATHEROSCLEROSIS RISK IN COMMUNIT (ARIC) STUDY: DESIGN AND OBJECTIVES
THE ARIC INVESTIGATORS (1989) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115184 · Cited by 3,510
(1989) · PubMed · Cited by 3,139
Yusuf, S., Pfeffer, M. A., Swedberg, K., Granger, C. B., Held, P., McMurray, J. J., Michelson, E. L., Olofsson, B., & Östergren, J. (2003) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(03)14285-7 · Cited by 2,994
Self-citationSpironolactone for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Pitt, B., Pfeffer, M. A., Assmann, S. F., Boineau, R., Anand, I. S., Claggett, B., Clausell, N., Desai, A. S., Diaz, R., Fleg, J. L., et al. (2014) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1313731 · Cited by 2,809
Self-citationAntlanger, M., Aschauer, S., Kopecky, C., Hecking, M., Kovarik, J. J., Werzowa, J. M., Mascherbauer, J., Genser, B., Säemann, M. D., & Bonderman, D. (2017) · Kidney & Blood Pressure Research · doi:10.1159/000473868 · Cited by 2,808
Paulus, W. J., Tschöpe, C., Sanderson, J. E., Rusconi, C., Flachskampf, F. A., Rademakers, F. E., Marino, P. N., Smiseth, O. A., Keulenaer, G. W. D., Leite-Moreira, A. F., et al. (2007) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehm037 · Cited by 2,646
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 401–478 of 478
Decreased Exercise Tolerance in Stage B Heart Failure
Gillebert, T. C. (2018) · JACC. Cardiovascular imaging · doi:10.1016/j.jcmg.2017.10.021
Let's Look Right during Diastolic Dysfunction Evaluation?
Foppa, M., & Santos, Â. B. S. (2019) · Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia · doi:10.5935/abc.20190053
Electrical Phenotype in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Kaye, D. M., & Patel, H. C. (2019) · JACC Heart Failure · doi:10.1016/j.jchf.2019.02.005
En, A., Василенко, О. В., Руденко, Ю. В., Bezrodnyi, A., Mostbauer, H. V., Черняєва, К. І., Prudkiy, I., Shishkina, N., Сиченко, Ю. О., Саблін, А. В., et al. (2018) · Family Medicine · doi:10.30841/2307-5112.5.2018.166802
Clinical Phenogrouping and Systolic Performance in HFpEF
Mehmood, M. (2020) · JACC Heart Failure · doi:10.1016/j.jchf.2020.04.017
Arai, H., Kawakubo, M., Sanui, K., Nishimura, H., & Kadokami, T. (2020) · Radiology Case Reports · doi:10.1016/j.radcr.2020.07.063
A sonographer's guide to the clinical utility of left ventricular speckle tracking strain
Wang, N. J., & Perry, R. (2020) · Sonography · doi:10.1002/sono.12236
Global and Regional Systolic Function of the Left Ventricle
Herrera, C. J., & Furlani, A. C. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-64067-1.00029-2
Echo-Based Approach to the Management of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Sengupta, P. P., & Bianco, C. M. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-64067-1.00035-8
Gorodeski, E. Z., YARANOV, D. M., & Starling, R. C. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-64067-1.00022-x
Fu, M., Hu, X., Yi, S., Sun, S., Zhang, Y., Feng, Y., Zhou, Y., Geng, Q., & Dong, H. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-201580/v1
Evaluation of systolic LV function and LV mechanics
Hoffmann, R., & Flachskampf, F. A. (2021) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780198849353.003.0034
Assessment of myocardial function by speckle-tracking echocardiography
Edvardsen, T., Klæboe, L. G., Szymczyk, E., & Kasprzak, J. D. (2021) · doi:10.1093/med/9780198849353.003.0007
Youssef, A. A., Ibrahim, K. S., Günther, M., Kolschmann, S., Richter, U., Francke, A., Wunderlich, C., & Christoph, M. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-659020/v1
Left Atrial Volume Index in Diagnosis of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection FractionPreprint
Pang, X., Liu, R., Li, X., Tao, X. C., Hao, X., Zhu, H., Zhao, C., & Zhao, P. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-593762/v1
Evaluation of patients with heart failure
Shah, A. M., & Scherrer‐Crosbie, M. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-75947-2.00012-x
Self-citation40 Jahre Luftrettung in Deutschland. Ein zivil oeffentlich-rechtliches Luftrettungsnetz
Friedl, A. (2011) · POLIZEI VERKEHR + TECHNIK
(2020) · JACC Basic to Translational Science · doi:10.1016/s2452-302x(20)30205-9
Thallapally, V. K., Bansal, R., Thandra, A., Gupta, S. L., Aurit, S., Pajjuru, V. S. K., Anugula, D., Aboeta, A., & Nahas, J. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1282920/v1
Echocardiography in Heart Failure
Bansal, M., Sengupta, P. P., & Khandheria, B. K. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-71617-6_25
Evaluation of Diastolic Function by Tissue Doppler, Strain, and Torsion Analysis
Makkiya, M., & Garcia, M. J. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-64067-1.00010-3
Lerakis, S. (2019) · Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature · doi:10.3410/f.735387571.793565002
Left Ventricular Diastolic Function
Abraham, T. P., & Mayer, S. A. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-40125-8.00009-3
Weisel, C. L., Dyke, C., Klug, M. G., Haldis, T., & Basson, M. D. (2022) · World Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.4330/wjc.v14.i5.306
Emre, E., Özderya, A., Hancı, K., Turan, T., Tezen, O., Kalaycıoğlu, E., & Çetın, M. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1754812/v1
(2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-3-437-23535-1.00008-2
Deepan, R. G., Ramesh, R., Balasubramanian, S., & Selvarani, G. (2022) · Indian Journal Of Applied Research · doi:10.36106/gjra/4900268
Sidhartha., M., Nayak, R., Moghal, H., & Kasha, A. (2022) · INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH · doi:10.36106/ijsr/4507194
Assia, H., Guerchani, M. K., Bessi, N. O., Dalila, D., Mokhtar, O. A., Himeur, H., & Benkhedda, S. (2022) · Journal of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.29328/journal.jccm.1001137
Jovanović, I., Tesic, M. B., Djordjevic‐Dikic, A., Giga, V. L., Beleslin, B., Aleksandric, S. B., Boskovic, N., Petrović, O., Marjanovic, M. M., Vratonjic, J., et al. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Ultrasound · doi:10.1002/jcu.23313
Left Ventricular Strain in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
Shukla, M., & Mohan, J. C. (2023) · Journal of The Indian Academy of Echocardiography & Cardiovascular Imaging · doi:10.4103/jiae.jiae_22_23
El-Salam, M. A., Abdelrahman, T., Youssef, M., Osama, F., & Youssef, N. (2022) · Saudi Journal of Kidney Diseases and Transplantation · doi:10.4103/1319-2442.379024
Motoi, K., Iwano, H., Ishizaka, S., Nakamura, K., Tamaki, Y., Aoyagi, H., Nakabachi, M., Yokoyama, S., Nishino, H., Murayama, M., et al. (2023) · Echocardiography · doi:10.1111/echo.15648
Emre, E., Özderya, A., Hancı, K., Turan, T., Tezen, O., Kalaycıoğlu, E., & Çetın, M. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1754812/v2
The roles of global longitudinal strain imaging in contemporary clinical cardiology
Kato, T., Harada, T., Kagami, K., & Obokata, M. (2023) · Choonpa Igaku · doi:10.3179/jjmu.jjmu.r.240
Left Ventricular Function after Revascularization in Patients with Chronical Coronary Syndromes
Doniyorov, S. N., Матсапаевна, Б. Ф., Bekbulatova, R. S., Fozilov, K. G., Mukhamedova, M. G., Yuldashev, N. A., I’lkhomova, L. T., Arslonov, S. F., & Karimov, B. S. (2023) · International Journal of Biomedicine · doi:10.21103/article13(4)_oa1
Dı́ez, J., & Rocca, H. B. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780198891628.003.0022
Misawa, T., Hoshino, M., Sugiyama, T., Kanaji, Y., Hada, M., Nagamine, T., Ueno, H., Nogami, K., Sayama, K., Matsuda, K. M., et al. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Ultrasound · doi:10.1002/jcu.23626
A bal kamrai kontraktilitás korszerű echokardiográfiás vizsgálata: a miokardiális munka
Ladányi, Z., Fábián, A., Ujvári, A., Tokodi, M., Turschl, T. K., Bálint, T., Nagy, D., Ruppert, M., Kovács, A. D., Merkely, B. P., et al. (2023) · Cardiologia Hungarica · doi:10.26430/chungarica.2023.53.6.577
Kawata, T., Omori, Y., Suzuki, M., & Ikeda, A. (2024) · Echocardiography · doi:10.1111/echo.15755
Clinical Implications of Ventricular-Arterial Coupling and the Role of Therapeutic Interventions
Ikonomidis, I., Pavlidis, G., & Vlastos, D. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-15512-3.00005-2
Deharo, F., & Grapsa, J. (2024) · European Journal of Heart Failure · doi:10.1002/ejhf.3211
Uzun, K. S., Batushkin, V., Gnylorybov, A., Uzun, D. Y., Krivosheya, A., & Potapov, Y. (2024) · Ukrainian Scientific Medical Youth Journal · doi:10.32345/usmyj.1(144).2024.44-54
Advances in echocardiographic imaging in chronic heart failure
Badran, H. M. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-822972-9.00009-2
Sex/Gender Differences in Heart Failure
Park, S., & Kim, M. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-0130-8_10
Yerlikaya, M. G., Emre, E., Özderya, A., Kara, F., Uzun, G., Karal, H., Turan, T., Tezen, O., Hancı, K., Kalaycıoğlu, E., et al. (2024) · International Journal of the Cardiovascular Academy · doi:10.4274/ijca.2024.80775
Qu, X., Bai, M., Lyu, J., Yin, L., Zhang, J., Zhao, E., & Mei, L. (2025) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2025.1525334
My Approach to HFpEF Considering Ventricular-Arterial Coupling and Ventricular Interdependence
Braga, J. C. M. S., Assef, J. E., Guimarães, F. V., & da Silva, R. A. B. (2025) · ARQUIVOS BRASILEIROS DE CARDIOLOGIA - IMAGEM CARDIOVASCULAR · doi:10.36660/abcimg.20240132i
Braga, J. C. M. S., Assef, J. E., Guimarães, F. V., & da Silva, R. A. B. (2025) · ARQUIVOS BRASILEIROS DE CARDIOLOGIA - IMAGEM CARDIOVASCULAR · doi:10.36660/abcimg.20240132
Impact of Left Ventricular‐Vascular Interaction on Long‐Term Outcome After Heart Transplantation
Corianò, M., Pradegan, N., Golfetto, A., Tarzia, V., Angelini, A., Gambino, A., Tessari, C., Fedrigo, M., Toscano, G., Gerosa, G., et al. (2025) · Clinical Transplantation · doi:10.1111/ctr.70178
ANMCO position paper: diagnosis and treatment of heart failure with preserved systolic function
Iacovoni, A., Navazio, A., Luca, L. D., Gori, M., Corda, M., Milli, M., Iacoviello, M., Lenarda, A. D., Tano, G. D., Marini, M., et al. (2025) · European Heart Journal Supplements · doi:10.1093/eurheartjsupp/suaf070
Maharjan, R., Akintunde, D. M., Narla, S. J. S. R., GARCIA, D., Mekala, S., Srinivasan, S., & Nath, T. S. (2025) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.85908
Pianca, E. G., Foppa, M., Schmitz, G. B., Cañón-Montañéz, W., Duncan, B. B., & Santos, Â. B. S. (2025) · Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia · doi:10.36660/abc.20240634
Sato, H., Takahashi, Y., Hasegawa, T., Someya, Y., Nishiyama, M., Matsumoto, A., Morita, N., Shindoh, C., Ota, H., Kawashima, R., et al. (2025) · Circulation Reports · doi:10.1253/circrep.cr-25-0028
Oleynikov, V. E., Golubeva, A. V., Дмитриевна, В. О., Shcherbinina, A. V., & Андреевна, Ш. Е. (2025) · Arterial’naya Gipertenziya (Arterial Hypertension) · doi:10.18705/1607-419x-2025-2488
Is It Time to Retire LVEF as a Predictive Metric in HFpEF?
Barasch, E., & Khalique, O. K. (2025) · Circulation Cardiovascular Imaging · doi:10.1161/circimaging.125.018785
Attaran, F., Emami, S., Sohrabi, M., Malek, M., Ajdarkosh, H., Khoonsari, M., Ismail‐Beigi, F., & Khamseh, M. E. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.24187891
Bi, W., Xiao, Y., Wang, X., Cui, L., Song, G., Yang, Z., Zhang, Y., & Ren, W. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19498264
Attaran, F., Emami, S., Sohrabi, M., Malek, M., Ajdarkosh, H., Khoonsari, M., Ismail‐Beigi, F., & Khamseh, M. E. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.24187885
Attaran, F., Emami, S., Sohrabi, M., Malek, M., Ajdarkosh, H., Khoonsari, M., Ismail‐Beigi, F., & Khamseh, M. E. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.24187888
Attaran, F., Emami, S., Sohrabi, M., Malek, M., Ajdarkosh, H., Khoonsari, M., Ismail‐Beigi, F., & Khamseh, M. E. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.24187882
Echocardiography in Advanced Heart Failure
Righini, F. M., Martini, L., Lisi, M., Cameli, M., & Henein, M. Y. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-95894-6_13
Barros, F. C., de Cezaro, J. C., Pianca, E. G., Menegazzo, W. R., Scolari, F. L., & da Silveira, A. D. (2026) · ABC Heart Failure & Cardiomyopathy · doi:10.36660/abc.20250014
Abraham, J. D., & Abraham, W. T. (2026) · Journal of Cardiac Failure · doi:10.1016/j.cardfail.2026.03.006
Kümet, Ö., Polat, F., Uzaldı, İ., Kaya, A. F., Ayhan, G., Özbek, E., & Can, V. (2026) · BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/1471-0528.70232
Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction in Heart Failure—A Parameter to Be Discontinued?
Freire, I., & da Silva, M. V. (2026) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm15103646
Doi, S., Kazui, S., 明石直之, Patel, R. B., Komtebedde, J., Mylavarapu, U., Swarup, V., Winkler, S., Backhaus, S. J., Litwin, S. E., et al. (2026) · JACC Heart Failure · doi:10.1016/j.jchf.2026.103167
Self-citationCorrao, S., Scibetta, S., Falcone, F., Cangemi, I., Corrao, G., & Calvo, L. (2026) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1867314
Shahverdi, E., Schulz, M., Schneider, C., & Lange, M. (2026) · Echocardiography · doi:10.1111/echo.70582
Dagan, M., Nanayakkara, S., Beale, A. L., Komtebedde, J., Mylavarapu, U., Hasenfuβ, G., Litwin, S. E., Mohan, R. C., Gorter, T. M., Čikeš, M., et al. (2026) · ESC Heart Failure · doi:10.1093/eschf/xvag210
Self-citationShahverdi, E., Rasouli, M., & Herda, L. R. (2026) · Echocardiography · doi:10.1111/echo.70618
Strain imaging in heart failure: from early detection to prognostic assessment
Kosmala, W., & Węgrzyn‐Witek, A. (2026) · ESC Heart Failure · doi:10.1093/eschf/xvag232
Epelde, F. (2026) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2026.1956165
Lukšić, V. R., Pašalić, M., Brestovac, M., Angebrandt, P., Jurinjak, S. J., & Hanževački, J. Š. (2026) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm15207823
Metadata
- Authors
- Shah, A. M., Claggett, B., Sweitzer, N. K., Shah, S. J., Anand, I. S., Liu, L., Pitt, B., Pfeffer, M. A., & Solomon, S. D.
- Affiliations
- Northwestern University (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Circulation
- Published
- 2015-08-04
- Volume
- 132
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 402-414
- ISSN
- 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4539
- PMC
- PMC4526442
- OpenAlex
- W2105400632
- Cited by
- 478
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 36 · 2023: 45 · 2022: 63 · 2021: 52 · 2020: 59 · 2019: 47 · 2018: 37 · 2017: 41 · 2016: 39 · 2015: 9
- FWCI
- 30.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Circulation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHSN268201100007C, HHSN268201100012C, HHSN268201100005C, HHSN268201100008C, HHSN268201100006C, HHSN268201100010C, HHSN268201100011C, HHSN268201100009C)
- American Heart Association (HHSN268201100006C, HHSN268201100007C, HHSN268201100008C, 14CRP20380422, HHSN268201100012C, HHSN268201100005C, HHSN268201100009C, HHSN268201100011C, HHSN268201100010C)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HHSN268201 100012C, HHSN268201100007I, HHSN268201100007C, HHSN2682 01100008C, HH-SN-268201100006C, HHSN268201100011C, HHSN2682011-00005I, HHSN2682011-00009I, HHSN268201100005C, HHSN268201100005G, HHSN268201100010C, HHSN268201100011I, HHSN26820 1100009C, K08HL116792, HHSN2682011-00008I, HHSN268200425207C)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Failure Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac pacing and defibrillation studies
- Keywords
- heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, left ventricular systolic function, left ventricular longitudinal strain, spironolactone, prognosis, cardiovascular mortality, heart failure hospitalization, speckle tracking echocardiography, imaging biomarkers, TOPCAT trial, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists, Double-Blind Method, Electrocardiography, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Heart Arrest, Hospitalization, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Spironolactone, Stroke Volume, Incidence, Survival Rate, Treatment Outcome, Ventricular Dysfunction, Left, Internationality, Heart Failure, Systolic
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review