The DOI matches its Crossref record; 5 of the 5 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Pathophysiology: Why Women Are Overrepresented in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Open accessAbstract
Consistent epidemiological data demonstrate that patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) are more likely to be women than men. Exploring mechanisms behind this sex difference in heart failure epidemiology may enrich the understanding of underlying HFpEF pathophysiology and phenotypes, with the ultimate goal of identifying therapeutic approaches for the broader HFpEF population. In this review we evaluate the influence of sex on the key domains of cardiac structure and function, the systemic and pulmonary circulation, as well as extracardiac factors and comorbidities that may explain the predisposition of women to HFpEF. We highlight the potential role of factors exclusive to or more prevalent in women such as pregnancy, preeclampsia, and iron deficiency. Finally, we discuss existing controversies and gaps in knowledge, as well as the clinical importance of known sex differences in the context of the potential need for sex-specific diagnostic criteria, improved risk stratification models, and targeted therapies.
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Citations
Cites
Sex differences in immune responses
Klein, S. L., & Flanagan, K. L. (2016) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri.2016.90 · Cited by 6,370
A Novel Paradigm for Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Paulus, W. J., & Tschöpe, C. (2013) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2013.02.092 · Cited by 3,564
The progression from hypertension to congestive heart failure
Levy, D. (1996) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.1996.03530440037034 · Cited by 2,155
Preeclampsia and Future Cardiovascular Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Wu, P., Haththotuwa, R., Kwok, C. S., Babu, A., Kotronias, R. A., Rushton, C., Zaman, A., Fryer, A. A., Kadam, U., Chew-Graham, C. A., et al. (2017) · Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes · doi:10.1161/circoutcomes.116.003497 · Cited by 1,147
Mohammed, S. F., Hussain, S., Mirzoyev, S. A., Edwards, W. D., Maleszewski, J. J., & Redfield, M. M. (2015) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.114.009625 · Cited by 874
Cited by
Sex differences in type 2 diabetes
Kautzky-Willer, A., Leutner, M., & Harreiter, J. (2023) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-023-05891-x · Cited by 624
Sex Differences in Blood Pressure Trajectories Over the Life Course
Ji, H., Kim, A., Ebinger, J. E., Niiranen, T. J., Claggett, B. L., Bairey Merz, C. N., & Cheng, S. (2020) · JAMA Cardiology · doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2019.5306 · Cited by 556
Shah, S. J., Borlaug, B. A., Kitzman, D. W., McCulloch, A. D., Blaxall, B. C., Agarwal, R., Chirinos, J. A., Collins, S., Deo, R. C., Gladwin, M. T., et al. (2020) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.119.041886 · Cited by 436
Gerdts (2022) · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehac470 · Cited by 241
Ng, A. C. T., Dong, X., Koepp, K. E., Obokata, M., Sorimachi, H., Galloway, G., Araoz, P., Delgado, V., Bax, J. J., & Borlaug, B. A. (2025) · European Journal of Heart Failure · doi:10.1002/ejhf.3473 · Cited by 2
Metadata
- Authors
- Beale, A. L., Meyer, P., Marwick, T. H., Lam, C. S. P., & Kaye, D. M.
- Venue
- Circulation
- Published
- 2018-07-10
- Volume
- 138
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 198-205
- ISSN
- 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4539
- OpenAlex
- W2861366762
- Cited by
- 515
- References
- 5
- FWCI
- 28.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
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