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The DOI matches its Crossref record; 46 of the 46 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Arterial Stiffness and Hypertension: Chicken or Egg?

Open access
Mitchell, Gary F.·2014·Hypertension

Abstract

Hypertension is highly prevalent in the United States and worldwide. In the United States, 1 in 3 adults (≈73 million people) have hypertension. The financial and human costs of hypertension are substantial. The estimated costs attributable to hypertension in the United States alone in 2010 were $70 billion direct costs for medical treatments and $24 billion indirect costs because of lost productivity.1 Awareness and treatment of hypertension have improved considerably during the past several decades: >80% of all people with hypertension are aware of the condition and 75% are using antihypertensive medications.2,3 However, despite enormous effort and treatment-related expenditures, only 53% of those with documented hypertension have their blood pressure controlled.3 Older age (Figure 1), left ventricular hypertrophy, and obesity are important risk factors for uncontrolled or drug-resistant hypertension.4 Importantly, the foregoing are also risk factors for increased aortic stiffness.5 Figure 1. Hypertension prevalence and control rates as a function of age in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003 to 2004. Data derived from Wong et al.44 During the past 2 decades, measures of aortic stiffness have emerged as important risk factors for progression of blood pressure and incident cardiovascular disease. Carotid femoral pulse wave velocity (CFPWV), a measure of aortic wall stiffness, increases markedly with age, particularly after midlife. For example, Framingham Heart Study investigators have shown that the prevalence of CFPWV ≥12 m/s increases from a few percentage before 50 years of age to ≥60% after 70 years of age (Figure 2A). Importantly, elevated CFPWV is associated with high risk for incident hypertension (Figure 2B) and cardiovascular disease (Figure 2C). Figure 2C should be interpreted within the context that a normal value (<95th percentile) for CFPWV in a healthy Framingham Heart Study reference sample <50 years of age was 8.1 …

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Metadata

Authors
Mitchell, G. F.
Venue
Hypertension
Published
2014-08
Volume
64
Issue
2
Pages
210-214
ISSN
  • 0194-911X (ISSN-L)
  • 1524-4563
OpenAlex
W2140615065
Cited by
316
References
46
FWCI
12.42
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
bronze

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Arterial Stiffness and Hypertension: Chicken or Egg? https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1161/hypertensionaha.114.03449
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Mitchell, G. F. (2014). Arterial Stiffness and Hypertension: Chicken or Egg? Hypertension. https://doi.org/10.1161/hypertensionaha.114.03449

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