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Age-related changes in cerebrovascular health and their effects on neural function and cognition: A comprehensive review
Open accessAbstract
The process of aging includes changes in cellular biology that affect local interactions between cells and their environments and eventually propagate to systemic levels. In the brain, where neurons critically depend on an efficient and dynamic supply of oxygen and glucose, age‐related changes in the complex interaction between the brain parenchyma and the cerebrovasculature have effects on health and functioning that negatively impact cognition and play a role in pathology. Thus, cerebrovascular health is considered one of the main mechanisms by which a healthy lifestyle, such as habitual cardiorespiratory exercise and a healthful diet, could lead to improved cognitive outcomes with aging. This review aims at detailing how the physiology of the cerebral vascular system changes with age and how these changes lead to differential trajectories of cognitive maintenance or decline. This provides a framework for generating specific mechanistic hypotheses about the efficacy of proposed interventions and lifestyle covariates that contribute to enhanced cognitive well‐being. Finally, we discuss the methodological implications of age‐related changes in the cerebral vasculature for human cognitive neuroscience research and propose directions for future experiments aimed at investigating age‐related changes in the relationship between physiology and cognitive mechanisms.
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Impairment of functional hyperemia (vasodilation in response to neural activity) is a hallmark of aging and neurodegenerative diseases.
“a hallmark of aging and neurodegenerative diseases is the impairment of functional hyperemia, i.e., vasodilation in response to neural activity83.”
From Norepinephrine-mediated slow vasomotion drives glymphatic clearance during sleep (2025) · cites this paper as [83]
The section on impaired vasculature (page unavailable) defines functional hyperemia as local vasodilation during neural activity and reports disrupted neurovascular coupling in both normal and pathologically aging humans. It does not establish the impairment as a hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases generally; that wording is broader and stronger than the passage supports. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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Lee, J., & Kim, H.-J. (2022) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2022.931536 · Cited by 310
Basaqr, R., & Babateen, A. (2025) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2025.1648219 · Cited by 4
Metadata
- Authors
- Zimmerman, B., Rypma, B., Gratton, G., & Fabiani, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences University of Texas at Dallas Richardson TX USA
- Corresponding author
- Zimmerman, Benjamin
- Fabiani, Monica
- Venue
- Psychophysiology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2021-03-16
- Volume
- 58
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- e13796-e13796
- ISSN
- 0048-5772 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-8986
- PMC
- PMC8244108
- OpenAlex
- W3139261093
- Cited by
- 179
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 50 · 2025: 49 · 2024: 38 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 5
- FWCI
- 2.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Psychophysiology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG047972, R01AG059878, RF1AG062666)
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Foundation
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
- Keywords
- brain aging, cerebrovascular health, cerebral vasculature, cognitive decline, cognitive maintenance, neurovascular coupling, cerebral blood flow, cardiorespiratory exercise, healthy eating, lifestyle intervention, cognitive neuroscience methodology
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Brain, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Cognition, Humans, Neurosciences
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