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Adverse Impact of Sleep Restriction and Circadian Misalignment on Autonomic Function in Healthy Young Adults
Open accessAbstract
Insufficient sleep and circadian rhythm disturbances have been each associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes in epidemiological studies, but experimental evidence for a causal link is scarce. The present study compares the impact of circadian misalignment (CM) to circadian alignment (CA) on human autonomic function using a nonrandomized parallel group design to achieve the same total sleep time in both conditions. After baseline assessments (3 days with 10-hour bedtimes), 26 healthy young adults were assigned to sleep restriction (SR; eight 5-hour bedtimes) with either fixed nocturnal bedtimes (CA; n=13) or bedtimes delayed by 8.5 hours on 4 of the 8 days (CM; n=13). Daytime ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate (HR; CA, n=11; CM, n=10) and 24-hour urinary norepinephrine levels (CA, n=13; CM, n=13) were assessed at baseline and the end of SR. Nocturnal HR and HR variability were analyzed during sleep at baseline and during the fourth and seventh nights of SR (CA, n=8; CM, n=12). SR resulted in a significant increase in daytime HR in both groups, without changes in blood pressure. SR increased 24-hour urinary norepinephrine in the CM group (30±4 versus 21±2 μg), but not in the circadian alignment group (group×condition, P =0.005). In contrast to the lack of detectable impact of CM on daytime autonomic function, SR with CM elicited greater increases in nocturnal HR, as well as greater reductions in vagal indices of HR variability, than SR without CM (group×condition, P <0.05). In conclusion, SR and CM both result in impaired autonomic function that could lead, under chronic conditions, to enhanced cardiovascular risk.
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“Sympathovagal balance is then disrupted [72], as indicated by changes in heart rate variability that are believed to reflect increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) [73].”
From Shift Work: Disrupted Circadian Rhythms and Sleep—Implications for Health and Well-being (2017) · cites this paper as [72]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Grimaldi, D., Carter, J. R., Van Cauter, E., & Leproult, R.
- Affiliations
- Michigan Technological University (US)
- From the Sleep, Metabolism and Health Center, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, IL (D.G., J.R.C., E.V.C., R.L.); and Department of Kinesiology and Integrative Physiology, Michigan Technological University, Houghton (J.R.C.).
- Venue
- Hypertension
- Published
- 2016-07
- Volume
- 68
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 243-250
- ISSN
- 0194-911X (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4563
- PMC
- PMC4902172
- OpenAlex
- W2414905660
- Cited by
- 153
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 6.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Hypertension (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Digital Commons - Michigan Tech (Michigan Technological University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Chicago
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR000430)
- National Institute on Aging (P01AG011412)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL072694)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P60DK020595, P30DK020595)
- NIH Clinical Center
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (R01-OH009482)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Keywords
- sleep restriction, circadian misalignment, circadian alignment, autonomic function, heart rate variability, urinary norepinephrine, blood pressure, nocturnal heart rate, cardiovascular risk, sleep deprivation, young adults
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Analysis of Variance, Autonomic Nervous System, Blood Pressure, Cardiovascular Diseases, Circadian Rhythm, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Male, Sleep Deprivation, Time Factors, Polysomnography, Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory, Young Adult, Healthy Volunteers
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