Hypertension Status Is the Major Determinant of Carotid Atherosclerosis: A Community-Based Study in Taiwan
Open accessAbstract
Background and Purpose — Extracranial carotid artery (ECCA) atherosclerosis has been associated with hypertension-related stroke. The present study was aimed at investigating the determinants of ECCA atherosclerosis in patients with hypertension in Taiwan. Methods — The extent and severity of ECCA atherosclerosis were measured by high-resolution B-mode ultrasonography and expressed as maximal intima-media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid artery, ECCA plaque score, and carotid stenosis ≥50%. From July through December 1996, 263 hypertensive patients (146 with hypertension and 117 with borderline hypertension) and 270 normotensive adults from the Chin-Shan Community Cardiovascular Cohort participated in this study. Risk factors and ECCA atherosclerosis were stratified by the blood pressure status. Results — A significant dose-response relationship was found between the status of hypertension and the severity of carotid atherosclerosis. Multivariate logistic regression models revealed that hypertension (including borderline), male gender, smoking, and age ≥65 years significantly increased the risk of thicker IMT. The risk of ECCA plaque score >6 increased significantly in conjunction with hypertension, age ≥65 years, left ventricular hypertrophy on ECG, and smoking. However, hypertension and smoking were the 2 evident determinants of carotid stenosis ≥50% after adjustment for other covariates. Compared with the normotensive subjects, the ORs (and 95% CIs) for the hypertensive patients to develop carotid atherosclerosis were 5.0 (3.0 to 8.4) indexed by maximal common carotid artery IMT ≥75th percentile, 3.7 (1.8 to 7.9) by ECCA score >6, and 4.8 (1.4 to 16.5) by carotid stenosis ≥50%. Conclusions — Hypertension strongly influence carotid atherosclerosis. Our findings reinforce the hypothesis that hypertension has a major role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Increased vascular reactivity is linked to enhanced peripheral vascular resistance, a hemodynamic alteration associated with hypertension.
“For example, increases in vascular reactivity have been linked to enhanced peripheral vascular resistance, which is a hemodynamic alteration associated with hypertension (10,13).”
From A high fat meal increases cardiovascular reactivity to psychological stress in healthy young adults (2007) · cites this paper as [13]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
The citation lists haven’t been fetched yet
References 46 · Cited by 158
Research works printed but not linked: 10
- Ferrara LA, Mancini M, Celentano A, Galderisi M, Iannuzzi R, Marotta T, Gaeta I. Early changes of the arterial carotid wall in uncomplicated primary hypertensive patients. Arterioscler Thromb. 1994;14:1290 -1296.
- Huang PJ, Yu SL, Lin YM, Chu CL. Body weight of Chinese adults by sex, age and body height and criterion of obesity based on body mass index. J Chin Nutr Soc. 1992;17:157-172.
- Su TC, Jeng JS, Chien KL, Torng PL, Sung FC, Lee YT. Measurement reliability of common carotid artery intima-media thickness by ultra- sonographic assessment. J Med Ultrasound. 1999;7:73-79.
- Chen CC, Chung MY, Jeng JS, Yip PK, Hwang BS, Chang YC. A scoring system for evaluation of the extent of extracranial carotid atherosclerosis with B-mode imaging. Acta Neural Sin. 1995;4:29 -33.
- O'Leary DH, Polak JF, Kronmal RA, Kittner SJ, Bond G, Wolfson SK Jr, Bommer W, Price TR, Gardin JM, Savage PJ. Distribution and correlates of sonographic detected carotid artery disease in the Car- diovascular Health Study. Stroke. 1992;23:1752-1760.
- Demirovic J, Naabulsi A, Folsom AR, Carpenter MA, Szklo M, Sorlie PD, Barnes RW, for the ARIC Study Investigators. Alcohol con- sumption and ultrasonographically assessed carotid artery wall thickness and distensibility. Circulation. 1993;88:2787-2793.
- Iiyama K, Nagano M, Yo Y, Nagano N, Kamide K, Higaki J, Mikami H, Ogihara T. Endothelial dysfunction exists in patients with hyper- tension and precedes overt atherosclerotic disease. Am Heart J. 1996; 132:779 -782.
- Glagov S, Zarins C, Giddens DP, Ku DN. Hemodynamics and ath- erosclerosis. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1988;112:1018 -1031.
- Aminbakhsh A, Frohlich J, Mancini GB. Detection of early athero- sclerosis with B mode ultrasonography: assessment of a new quanti- tative approach. Clin Invest Med. 1999;22:265-274.
- Spence JD, Hackam DG, Eliasziw M. Carotid plaque area as a tool for identifying patients at high coronary risk. Stroke. 2000;31:293. Abstract.
- Authors
- Su, T.-C., Jeng, J.-S., Chien, K.-L., Sung, F.-C., Hsu, H.-C., & Lee, Y.-T.
- Affiliations
- National Taiwan University (TW)
- Venue
- Stroke
- Published
- 2001-10
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 2265-2271
- ISSN
- 0039-2499 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4628
- OpenAlex
- W1934578653
- Cited by
- 158
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 2.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Stroke (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Council
- National Taiwan University Hospital
- National Taiwan University
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Cerebrovascular and Carotid Artery Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
- Keywords
- hypertension, carotid atherosclerosis, extracranial carotid artery, intima-media thickness, carotid plaque score, carotid artery stenosis, borderline hypertension, smoking, left ventricular hypertrophy, stroke risk factors, dose-response relationship
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Carotid Artery Diseases, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Hypertension, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Population Surveillance, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Severity of Illness Index, Smoking, Taiwan, Ultrasonography, Comorbidity, Logistic Models, Odds Ratio, Carotid Artery, Common, Age Distribution, Sex Distribution
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
