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Cited by 91Diet, Metabolism, and DiseaseNutritional Studies and DietFatty Acid Research and Health

A high fat meal increases cardiovascular reactivity to psychological stress in healthy young adults

Open access
Jakulj, Fabijana, Zernicke, Kristin, Bacon, Simon L., van Wielingen, Laura E., Key, Brenda L., West, Sheila G., Campbell, Tavis S.·2007·The Journal of Nutrition
DOI 10.1093/jn/137.4.935
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Abstract

The consumption of high levels of saturated fat over the course of several weeks may lead to exaggerated cardiovascular reactivity. The consumption of a single high-fat meal has been associated with a transient impairment of vascular function. In a randomized, repeated measures, crossover study we tested whether the consumption of a single high-fat meal by healthy, normotensive participants would affect cardiovascular reactivity when compared with an isocaloric, low-fat meal. Thirty healthy participants ate a high-fat (42 g) and a low-fat (1 g) meal on 2 separate occasions, and their cardiovascular response to 2 standard laboratory stressors was measured. Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and total peripheral resistance were greater in participants following the consumption of the high-fat meal relative to the low-fat meal. The findings of the present study are consistent with the hypothesis that even a single high-fat meal may be associated with heightened cardiovascular reactivity to stress and offer insight into the pathways through which a high-fat diet may affect cardiovascular function.

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Registry

Crossref · 10.1093/jn/137.4.935

Cites

38 of 38 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Nothing to recompute.

Claims the paper makes

0 of 34 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged

  • Findingown data

    A consistent hemodynamic response to the meals emerged across tasks.

    “Although the tasks were designed to elicit different patterns of reactivity (e.g., the mental arithmetic task often elicits a greater change in heart rate, whereas blood pressure reactivity is often greater during the cold pressor task), a consistent hemodynamic response to the meals emerged.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data

    Total peripheral resistance was greater after the high-fat meal than after the low-fat meal.

    “In addition, RM-ANOVA conducted on the hemodynamic variables underlying changes in BP revealed a main effect of meal on TPR (P ¼ 0.05), such that overall TPR was greater after subjects consumed the high-fat compared with the low-fat diet (Fig. 1C).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data

    There were no significant differences in baseline cardiovascular measures recorded 2 h after the high-fat and low-fat meals.

    “There were no significant differences in any of the baseline CV measures recorded 2 h after consumption of the 2 meals (Table 2).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Findingown data

    Regardless of stress task, enhanced blood pressure reactivity after the high-fat meal was accompanied by increases in TPR.

    “Regardless of task, enhanced blood pressure reactivity following the high-fat meal was accompanied by increases in TPR.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data

    SBP reactivity to the stress tasks was greater after the high-fat meal than after the low-fat meal.

    “Results of the RM-ANOVA revealed significant interaction effects between meal and task for SBP (P , 0.05) and DBP (P , 0.01), reflecting increased reactivity to the stress tasks after intake of the high-fat rather than the low-fat meal but no effects of the meals on baseline values (Fig. 1A), (Fig. 1B).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 22
  • May combine two claims. 13
  • The quote only partly states this claim. 2

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    There were significant main effects of task for SBP, DBP, TPR, HR, SV, and CO.

    “Unsurprisingly, results of the RM-ANOVA revealed significant main effects of task for SBP, DBP, TPR HR, SV, and CO variables, reflecting well-known differences in patterns of cardiovascular reactivity associated with the various stressors (29,30).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [29] Dishman, 2002, Influence of fitness and gender on blood pressure responses during active or passive stress, Psychophysiology. source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [30] Hurwitz, 1993, Differential patterns of dynamic cardiovascular regulation as a function of task, Biol Psychol. source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    All participants had a BMI below 35 and were normotensive, with none having resting blood pressure above 140/90 mm Hg.

    “All participants had a body mass index (BMI) of , 35 (22.8 6 3.9) and were normotensive with none displaying a resting blood pressure .140/90mm Hg.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    There were no significant meal-by-task interaction effects for total peripheral resistance, heart rate, stroke volume, or cardiac output.

    “There were also no significant meal 3 task interaction effects for TPR, HR, SV, or CO.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingcitation

    Participants exhibited varied response patterns to the four different stress tasks.

    “Participants exhibited varied response patterns to the 4 different stress tasks.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    There were no significant main effects of meal on heart rate, stroke volume, or cardiac output.

    “There were no significant main effects of meal on HR, SV, or CO.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Diets that reduce fat intake improve blood pressure and vascular function.

    “In addition, diets that specifically reduce fat intake have been shown to improve blood pressure and vascular function (22).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [22] Delichatsios, 2005, Influence of the DASH diet and other low-fat, high-carbohydrate diets on blood pressure, Curr Atheroscler Rep. source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    High-fat meals have acute effects on vascular tone, partly by reducing endothelium-dependent vasodilation.

    “In addition, high-fat meals have been shown to have acute effects on vascular tone, mediated in part by reductions in endothelium-dependent vasodilation (5).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [5] Vogel, 1997, Effect of a single high-fat meal on endothelial function in healthy subjects, Am J Cardiol. source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

    Interpretationreasoning

    The observed association provides insight into pathways through which a high-fat diet may affect cardiovascular function.

    “The observed association contributes further insight into the pathways through which a high-fat diet may affect cardiovascular function, and provides new directions for future research in this area.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductreasoning

    The study did not determine whether meals with smaller fat loads would produce the same effects on cardiovascular reactivity.

    “Although high-fat meals are commonly consumed, especially in fast-food restaurants across North America (33), this study did not attempt to determine whether meals with smaller fat loads would yield the same effects on cardiovascular reactivity.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S1 (asserted), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). The quote only partly states this claim.

    Study design and conductnone given

    The study did not confirm participants' fasting state before consuming the test meals.

    “These data would also be valuable to confirm the fasting state of subjects prior to consuming the test meals.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationcitation

    The findings are consistent with previous studies showing short-term high-fat intake is associated with enhanced blood pressure reactivity and a single high-fat meal may transiently impair endothelial function.

    “These findings are consistent with results of previous studies, which suggest that a short-term, 2-wk dietary intake of high levels of fat is associated with enhanced blood pressure reactivity (21,31) and that even a single high-fat meal may lead to transient impairments of endothelium-dependent vascular function (5).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites [21] Straznicky, 1993, The effects of dietary lipid modification on blood pressure, cardiovascular reactivity and sympathetic activity in man, J Hypertens. source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [31] Howes, 1997, Lipoproteins and cardiovascular reactivity, Br J Clin Pharmacol. source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [5] Vogel, 1997, Effect of a single high-fat meal on endothelial function in healthy subjects, Am J Cardiol. source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Endothelial dysfunction can instigate and enhance the development of hypertension.

    “Impairment of vasoactivity may have important implications on cardiovascular function: endothelial dysfunction can instigate and enhance the development of hypertension (4,6,7).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites [4] Light, 1999, High stress responsivity predicts later blood pressure only in combination with positive family history and high life stress, Hypertension. source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [6] Matthews, 1986

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [7] Beevers, 2001, ABC of hypertension: the pathophysiology of hypertension, BMJ. source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    The enhanced reactivity observed by Straznicky et al. may have resulted from changes in cardiovascular risk factors after 2 wk of dietary intervention and/or short-term changes due to acute postprandial lipemia after a high-fat meal.

    “Specifically, the enhanced reactivity observed by Straznicky et al. (21) may have been a result of changes in cardiovascular risk factors following 2 wk of dietary intervention and/or short-term changes in reactivity due to the acute postprandial lipemia following a high-fat meal.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [21] Straznicky, 1993, The effects of dietary lipid modification on blood pressure, cardiovascular reactivity and sympathetic activity in man, J Hypertens. source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation

    The stress tasks were chosen because they are established procedures for inducing sympathetic cardiovascular responses through different mechanisms.

    “Tasks were selected on the basis that they are established procedures for inducing sympathetic cardiovascular responses, although through different mechanisms (25)(26)(27)(28).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites (25)(26)(27)(28)

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    An increase in blood pressure is mediated by an increase in cardiac output and/or total peripheral resistance.

    “Regardless of its origin, an increase in blood pressure is mediated by an increase in cardiac output and/or TPR (4).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [4] Light, 1999, High stress responsivity predicts later blood pressure only in combination with positive family history and high life stress, Hypertension. source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims. The quote only partly states this claim.

    Study design and conductnone given

    Participants fasted and abstained from caffeine, tobacco, and alcohol for 10 h before each testing session.

    “Participants fasted and abstained from caffeine, tobacco, and alcohol for 10 h before testing.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    High reactors to acute stressors have more extensive arterial plaques and more aggressive plaque growth.

    “Furthermore, recent prospective studies have shown that high reactors to acute stressors have more extensive arterial plaques and more aggressive plaque growth (3,20).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [3] Jennings, 2004, Exaggerated blood pressure responses during mental stress are prospectively related to enhanced carotid atherosclerosis in middle-aged Finnish men, Circulation. source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [20] Everson, 1997, Interaction of workplace demands and cardiovascular reactivity in progression of carotid atherosclerosis: population based study, BMJ. source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Interpretationreasoning

    The finding that reactivity may be augmented by a single high-fat meal could have implications for the reactivity hypothesis and understanding of CVD mechanisms.

    “The finding that reactivity may be augmented by a single high-fat meal could have important implications in the context of the reactivity hypothesis and could lead to a more thorough understanding of the mechanisms and progression of CVD.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductnone given

    The specific triglyceride or lipoprotein levels responsible for the observed effect were not identified or measured.

    “Although enhanced postprandial blood pressure and TPR responses correlated with the consumption of the high-fat meal, the specific triglyceride or lipoprotein levels responsible for the observed effect were not identified or measured.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Variations in stress response to different tasks have been described in previous research.

    “Variations in the stress response to different tasks have been described in previous research (29,30).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [29] Dishman, 2002, Influence of fitness and gender on blood pressure responses during active or passive stress, Psychophysiology. source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [30] Hurwitz, 1993, Differential patterns of dynamic cardiovascular regulation as a function of task, Biol Psychol. source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductown data

    The study used a randomized, repeated measures, crossover design with counterbalanced treatment order.

    “The present study utilized a randomized, repeated measures, crossover design.”
    • Also stated in: § Procedure · plain
      “An identical procedure was followed on the 2nd testing day 1 wk later, and the order of treatment presentation was randomized and counterbalanced.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Study design and conductreasoning

    The study's use of both impedance and blood pressure parameters across multiple stress tasks allowed a more generalized reactivity profile.

    “Taking into account both impedance and blood pressure parameters, as well as reactivity across multiple stress tasks, allowed for a more generalized reactivity profile.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductnone given

    The two test meals were reasonably well matched for sodium and energy but differed in fat and cholesterol content.

    “The 2 meals tested in this experiment were reasonably well matched for sodium and energy, but they differed on fat and cholesterol content.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductreasoning

    The study did not examine whether a high-fat meal with less saturated and more unsaturated or polyunsaturated fats would have the same effect on the observed cardiovascular reactivity parameters.

    “Furthermore, although there are some recent animal findings that examine the impact of saturated fat vs. unsaturated fat on cardiac hypertrophy (34)(35)(36), this study did not examine whether a high-fat meal containing less saturated, more unsaturated, and polyunsaturated fats may have the same effect on the observed cardiovascular reactivity parameters.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    The 2-h postprandial measurement time was chosen because prior studies show postprandial lipemia peaks at 2 h and remains elevated at 4 h.

    “The 2-h time point was selected because of previous studies indicating that postprandial lipemia reaches a peak at 2 h and is sustained at 4 h (24).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [24] West, 2005, Acute effects of monounsaturated fatty acids with and without omega-3 fatty acids on vascular reactivity in individuals with type 2 diabetes, Diabetologia. source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductnone given

    The longevity of enhanced reactivity was not examined.

    “However, the longevity of enhanced reactivity was not examined in the present study.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductreasoning

    Greenhouse-Geisser corrected probability levels were used for repeated measures with more than two levels to address possible violations of homogeneity of covariance.

    “To correct for possible violations of the assumption of the homogeneity of covariance, Greenhouse-Geisser corrected probability levels were used for analyses involving .2levels of a repeated measure.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation

    The reactivity hypothesis states exaggerated responses to stress cause pathophysiologic events leading to sustained blood pressure increases.

    “Specifically, the reactivity hypothesis states that exaggerated responses to stress cause a cascade of pathophysiologic events that can eventually lead to sustained increases in blood pressure (1,3,10-12).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 5 sources checked
    • cites [1] Stamler, 1986, Is relationship between serum cholesterol and risk of premature death from coronary heart disease continuous and graded? Findings in 356,222 primary screenees of the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT), JAMA. source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [3] Jennings, 2004, Exaggerated blood pressure responses during mental stress are prospectively related to enhanced carotid atherosclerosis in middle-aged Finnish men, Circulation. source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [10] Potempa, 1994, An overview of the role of cardiovascular reactivity to stressful challenges in the etiology of hypertension, J Cardiovasc Nurs. source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [11] Carroll, 2003, Blood pressure reactions to stress and the prediction of future blood pressure: effects of sex, age, and socioeconomic position, Psychosom Med. source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [12] Treiber, 2003, Cardiovascular reactivity and development of preclinical and clinical disease states, Psychosom Med. source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation

    Increased vascular reactivity is linked to enhanced peripheral vascular resistance, a hemodynamic alteration associated with hypertension.

    “For example, increases in vascular reactivity have been linked to enhanced peripheral vascular resistance, which is a hemodynamic alteration associated with hypertension (10,13).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [10] Potempa, 1994, An overview of the role of cardiovascular reactivity to stressful challenges in the etiology of hypertension, J Cardiovasc Nurs. source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [13] Su, 2001, Hypertension status is the major determinant of carotid atherosclerosis: a community-based study in Taiwan, Stroke. source

      Not checked in the free run.

29 of 29

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    No prior studies have examined how fat content of a single meal affects cardiovascular reactivity to stress in the postprandial period.

    “However, no previous studies have examined the effects of fat content from a single meal on cardiovascular reactivity to stress in the postprandial period.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The observed effect of the high-fat meal on cardiovascular reactivity is due to its high fat content rather than to dietary cholesterol or other differences between meals.

    “Although we have attributed exaggerated cardiovascular reactivity to the high-fat content of the fast-food meal, it is also possible that dietary cholesterol contributed to this effect, and future research should attempt to clarify the mechanisms involved.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Participants adhered to the required 10-h fast before each test meal.

    “These data would also be valuable to confirm the fasting state of subjects prior to consuming the test meals.”
3 of 3

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • A single meal high in saturated fat causes immediate increases in triglycerides, oxidative stress, and inflammation, with corresponding post-meal worsening of endothelial dysfunction, vasoconstriction, and systolic blood pressure.

    “Recent studies of healthy individuals indicate that a single meal high in saturated fat will cause immediate increases in triglycerides, oxidative stress, and inflammation, which causes corresponding post-meal worsening of endothelial dysfunction, vasoconstriction, and systolic blood pressure (11,12).”

    From Dietary Strategies for Improving Post-Prandial Glucose, Lipids, Inflammation, and Cardiovascular Health (2008) · cites this paper as [11]

    The Discussion (page not provided) reports greater systolic blood-pressure and total peripheral resistance responses to psychological stress after a single high-fat meal. The Introduction (page not provided) reports earlier findings linking a high-fat meal to impaired vascular function and elevated triglycerides to endothelial dysfunction. This paper does not establish immediate increases in oxidative stress or inflammation, or that those changes cause the vascular and blood-pressure effects; its blood-pressure finding concerns reactivity to stress, not a general post-meal rise. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Excessive ingestion of calorie-dense, easily digestible foods causes abnormal surges in blood glucose and triglyceride levels.

    “Excessive ingestion of calorie-dense, easily digestible foods causes abnormal surges in blood glucose and triglyceride levels (11)(12)(13).”

    From Dietary Strategies for Improving Post-Prandial Glucose, Lipids, Inflammation, and Cardiovascular Health (2008) · cites this paper as [11]

    The Introduction reports increased blood triglyceride concentrations in a cited two-week high-fat-diet study. It does not report blood-glucose surges, and the Study limitations section says this paper did not measure triglyceride levels after its test meals. The claim therefore extends the reported triglyceride finding to an acute effect of calorie-dense, easily digestible foods and adds an unsupported glucose effect. (LLM, conf=0.83)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Favored protein sources in the modern diet, such as ground beef, sausage, bacon, and cheese, are high in calories and saturated fats and tend to worsen postprandial dysmetabolism.

    “Unfortunately, the favored protein sources in the modern diet, such as ground beef, sausage, bacon, and cheese, are high in both calories and saturated fats and tend to worsen post-prandial dysmetabolism (3,11).”

    From Dietary Strategies for Improving Post-Prandial Glucose, Lipids, Inflammation, and Cardiovascular Health (2008) · cites this paper as [11]

    The Procedure section describes a sausage-containing fast-food meal with 820 kcal and 17 g of saturated fat, supporting the claim for an example of a calorie-dense, saturated-fat-containing food. But the comparison meal had similar calories, and the Study limitations section says triglyceride and lipoprotein levels were not measured. The paper found increased cardiovascular reactivity after the high-fat meal; it does not establish that the listed protein sources worsen postprandial dysmetabolism. (LLM, conf=0.85)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.

  • TPR reactivity is claimed despite a nonsignificant meal-by-task interaction

    Major

    The discussion describes significantly enhanced TPR reactivity after the high-fat meal. The results report a meal effect on overall TPR but explicitly state that the meal-by-task interaction for TPR was not significant, so the reported analysis does not establish a significant difference in TPR response to the tasks.

1 of 1

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Authors
Jakulj, F., Zernicke, K., Bacon, S. L., van Wielingen, L. E., Key, B. L., West, S. G., & Campbell, T. S.
Affiliations
  • University of Calgary (CA)
  • Concordia University (CA)
  • Pennsylvania State University (US)
Corresponding author
Campbell, Tavis S.
ORCID
Venue
The Journal of Nutrition
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2007-04
Volume
137
Issue
4
Pages
935-939
ISSN
0022-3166 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1093/jn/137.4.935
OpenAlex
W2144626738
Semantic Scholar
9d7d2240c80714f4d4933176f69dee97531ce0e4
Cited by
91
References
38
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 6
FWCI
3.17
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
Keywords
high-fat meal, cardiovascular reactivity, psychological stress, blood pressure, systemic vascular resistance, saturated fat, vascular function, high-fat diet, young adults
MeSH terms
Adult, Analysis of Variance, Blood Pressure, Cardiovascular System, Diastole, Dietary Fats, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Humans, Male, Stress, Psychological, Systole, Vascular Resistance, Cross-Over Studies

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Claims read under definition version 3 (extract-v3) on 2026-09-27.

Classified by jev-1.13-20260917 (gold-guideline-v0.2) on 2026-09-27.

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