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How Active Are People With Stroke?: Use of Accelerometers to Assess Physical Activity
Abstract
Background and Purpose— Accelerometers are a unique tool used to objectively measure free-living physical activity, but their reliability for people with stroke has not been established. The primary aim was to assess the day-to-day reliability of these instruments for the paretic and nonparetic hips. The secondary aims were to measure the amount of physical activity with accelerometers that people with stroke undertake in the community and its relationship with walking capacity (6-minute walk test distance). Methods— Forty people with stroke wore one Actical accelerometer on each hip for 3 consecutive days at home and during the 6-minute walk test in the laboratory. The accelerometer measured physical activity using total activity counts per day and energy expenditure (kcal/d). Results— Excellent intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for the activity counts (paretic hip ICC [1,3] =0.95, nonparetic hip ICC [1,3] =0.94) and for the energy expenditure (paretic hip ICC [1,3] =0.95, nonparetic hip ICC [1,3] =0.95) were found across the 3 consecutive days at home. Excellent ICCs were also found between the paretic versus the nonparetic hips for the activity counts (ICC [1,3] =0.98) and for the energy expenditure (ICC [1,3] =0.96). Free-living physical activity was very low and 58% of the participants did not meet recommended physical activity levels. Only moderate correlations ( r =0.6 to 0.73, P <0.001) were found between the 6-minute walk test distance in the laboratory and 3-day physical activity recording at home. Conclusions— The accelerometer was found to be a reliable objective instrument. The use of accelerometers quantified the low level of free-living physical activity of people with stroke.
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“In stroke, the step counts and measures of upper extremity and physical activity were shown to be reliable [48, 49, 52, 56–59]”
From Wearable sensors for clinical applications in epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, and stroke: A mixed-methods systematic review (2018) · cites this paper as [57]
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“Patients with stroke generally have low levels of physical activity (Rand et al., 2009).”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Rand, D., Eng, J. J., Tang, P.-F., Jeng, J.-S., & Hung, C.
- Affiliations
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- Venue
- Stroke
- Published
- 2009-01
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 163-168
- ISSN
- 0039-2499 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4628
- OpenAlex
- W1966287347
- Cited by
- 325
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 23
- FWCI
- 16.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Stroke (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- AstraZeneca
- Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada
- AstraZeneca Canada
- Canadian Stroke Network
- Michael Smith Health Research BC
- National Science Council
- National Health Research Institutes
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems
- Keywords
- physical activity, accelerometer, Actical, reliability statistics, paretic limb, energy expenditure, 6-minute walk test, walking capacity, free-living physical activity, accelerometer validity
- MeSH terms
- Acceleration, Stroke Rehabilitation, Activities of Daily Living, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Disability Evaluation, Female, Humans, Leg, Male, Middle Aged, Paresis, Physical Fitness, Predictive Value of Tests, Walking, Exercise Tolerance, Recovery of Function, Gait Disorders, Neurologic, Stroke
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