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Inferring Program Effects for Special Populations: Does Special Education Raise Achievement for Students with Disabilities?
Abstract
Most discussion of special education has centered on the costs of providing mandated programs for children with disabilities and not on their effectiveness. As in many other policy areas, inferring program effectiveness is difficult because students not in special education do not provide a good comparison group. By following students who move in and out of targeted programs, however, we are able to identify program effectiveness from changes over time in individual performance. We find that the average special education program significantly boosts mathematics achievement of special-education students, particularly those classified as learning-disabled or emotionally disturbed, while not detracting from regular-education students. These results are estimated quite precisely from models of students and school-by-grade-by-year fixed effects in achievement gains, and they are robust to a series of specification tests.
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Citations
Cited by
Teachers, Schools, and Academic Achievement
Rivkin, S. G., Hanushek, E. A., & Kain, J. F. (2005) · Econometrica · doi:10.1111/j.1468-0262.2005.00584.x · Cited by 4,501
Self-citationFuchs, D., Mock, D., Morgan, P. L., & Young, C. L. (2003) · Learning Disabilities Research & Practice · doi:10.1111/1540-5826.00072 · Cited by 868
Charter school quality and parental decision making with school choice
Hanushek, E. A., Kain, J. F., Rivkin, S. G., & Branch, G. F. (2007) · Journal of Public Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2006.09.014 · Cited by 326
Self-citationFarkas, G. (2003) · Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education · doi:10.1111/1467-9620.00279 · Cited by 310
Szumski, G., Smogorzewska, J., & Karwowski, M. (2017) · Educational Research Review · doi:10.1016/j.edurev.2017.02.004 · Cited by 214
Metadata
- Authors
- Hanushek, E. A., Kain, J. F., & Rivkin, S. G.
- Venue
- Review of Economics and Statistics
- Publisher
- MIT Press - Journals
- Published
- 2002-11
- Volume
- 84
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 584-599
- ISSN
- 0034-6535 (ISSN-L)
- 1530-9142
- OpenAlex
- W2120939394
- Cited by
- 260
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 24.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- Hanushek, E. A., Kain, J. F., & Rivkin, S. G. (2002). Inferring Program Effects for Special Populations: Does Special Education Raise Achievement for Students with Disabilities? Review of Economics and Statistics. https://doi.org/10.1162/003465302760556431
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
