Activation of Cortical and Cerebellar Motor Areas during Executed and Imagined Hand Movements: An fMRI Study
Abstract
Brain activation during executed (EM) and imagined movements (IM) of the right and left hand was studied in 10 healthy right-handed subjects using functional magnetic resonance imagining (fMRI). Low electromyographic (EMG) activity of the musculi flexor digitorum superficialis and high vividness of the imagined movements were trained prior to image acquisition. Regional cerebral activation was measured by fMRI during EM and IM and compared to resting conditions. Anatomically selected regions of interest (ROIs) were marked interactively over the entire brain. In each ROI activated pixels above a t value of 2.45 (p<0.01) were counted and analyzed. In all subjects the supplementary motor area (SMA), the premotor cortex (PMC), and the primary motor cortex (M1) showed significant activation during both EM and IM; the somatosensory cortex (S1) was significantly activated only during EM. Ipsilateral cerebellar activation was decreased during IM compared to EM. In the cerebellum, IM and EM differed in their foci of maximal activation: Highest ipsilateral activation of the cerebellum was observed in the anterior lobe (Larsell lobule H IV) during EM, whereas a lower maximum was found about 2-cm dorsolateral (Larsell lobule H VII) during IM. The prefrontal and parietal regions revealed no significant changes during both conditions. The results of cortical activity support the hypothesis that motor imagery and motor performance possess similar neural substrates. The differential activati…
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Motor imagery engages a parietal-frontal circuit known to support motor control.
“a parietal–frontal network that mediates motor control is activated during motor imagery (Porro et al., 1996, 2000; Deiber et al., 1998; Lotze et al., 1999; Gerardin et al., 2000; Ehrsson et al., 2003; Hanakawa et al., 2003; Dechent et al., 2004; Meister et al., 2004)”
From Mental imagery of speech and movement implicates the dynamics of internal forward models (2010) · cites this paper as Lotze et al., 1999
Temporally constrained MEG results align with PET and fMRI observations of parietal activity during motor imagery.
“Our temporally constrained MEG results converge with the observation of parietal activity during motor imagery obtained in PET studies (Decety et al., 1994; Deiber et al., 1998) and fMRI studies (Lotze et al., 1999; Gerardin et al., 2000; Ehrsson et al., 2003; Hanakawa et al., 2003; Dechent et al., 2004; Meister et al., 2004).”
From Mental imagery of speech and movement implicates the dynamics of internal forward models (2010) · cites this paper as Lotze et al., 1999
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References 49 · Cited by 993
- Authors
- Lotze, M., Montoya, P., Erb, M., Hülsmann, E., Flor, H., Klose, U., Birbaumer, N., & Grodd, W.
- Affiliations
- University of Tübingen
- University of Tübingen (DE)
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (DE)
- Venue
- Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
- Publisher
- MIT Press - Journals
- Published
- 1999-09-01
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 491-501
- ISSN
- 0898-929X (ISSN-L)
- 1530-8898
- OpenAlex
- W1978339758
- Cited by
- 993
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 46 · 2020: 58 · 2019: 49 · 2018: 42 · 2017: 46 · 2016: 42 · 2015: 48 · 2014: 42 · 2013: 49 · 2012: 40
- FWCI
- 6.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Action Observation and Synchronization
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Free Will and Agency
- Keywords
- motor imagery, hand movement, supplementary motor area, premotor cortex, primary motor cortex, cerebellum, somatosensory cortex, movement inhibition
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Brain Mapping, Cerebellum, Electromyography, Female, Hand, Humans, Imagination, Functional Laterality, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Motor Cortex, Movement, Somatosensory Cortex, Multivariate Analysis
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