Mental imagery of speech and movement implicates the dynamics of internal forward models

Tian, Xing

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2010.00166

Cited by 263Motor Control and AdaptationAction Observation and SynchronizationEmbodied and Extended Cognition

Mental imagery of speech and movement implicates the dynamics of internal forward models

Open access

Tian, Xing·2010·Frontiers in Psychology

DOI 10.3389/fpsyg.2010.00166PMC PMC3158430

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

The classical concept of efference copies in the context of internal forward models has stimulated productive research in cognitive science and neuroscience. There are compelling reasons to argue for such a mechanism, but finding direct evidence in the human brain remains difficult. Here we investigate the dynamics of internal forward models from an unconventional angle: mental imagery, assessed while recording high temporal resolution neuronal activity using magnetoencephalography. We compare two overt and covert tasks; our covert, mental imagery tasks are unconfounded by overt input/output demands - but in turn necessitate the development of appropriate multi-dimensional topographic analyses. Finger tapping (studies 1 and 2) and speech experiments (studies 3-5) provide temporally constrained results that implicate the estimation of an efference copy. We suggest that one internal forward model over parietal cortex subserves the kinesthetic feeling in motor imagery. Secondly, observed auditory neural activity ~170 ms after motor estimation in speech experiments (studies 3-5) demonstrates the anticipated auditory consequences of planned motor commands in a second internal forward model in imagery of speech production. Our results provide neurophysiological evidence from the human brain in favor of internal forward models deploying efference copies in somatosensory and auditory cortex, in finger tapping and speech production tasks, respectively, and also suggest the dynamics and sequential updating structure of internal forward models.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.3389/fpsyg.2010.00166

Cites

102 of 102 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

5 of 57 cited sources checked · 4 supported · 0 flagged · accuracy not yet measured

Premisecitation
Support for forward models obtained from healthy people is uncommon.
“Evidence for this important mechanism from healthy human participants is rare, although data from a variety of behavioral (e.g., Sabes, 2000) and cognitive neuroscience experiments are providing tantalizing hints (e.g., Salmelin et al., 2000; Houde et al., 2002; van Wassenhove et al., 2005; Skipper et al., 2007).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 3 sources checked
- cites Sabes, 2000 source
- cites Salmelin et al., 2000 source
  The Abstract and the discussion section headed ‘the word’ report MEG evidence from fluent speakers: articulatory encoding preceded motor preparation, a sequence the authors consider reasonable for fluent speech. That makes the study a plausible example of a cognitive-neuroscience hint, but our copy does not identify this sequence as evidence for a forward model or assess how rare such evidence is in healthy participants. (LLM, conf=0.76)
  Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
- cites Houde et al., 2002 source
Premisecitation
Lipreading and silent speech can produce a comparable attenuation of responses to pure tones.
“Recently, it has been demonstrated that the tasks of lipreading and covert speech can induce a similar suppression of the auditory responses to pure tones (Kauramaki et al., 2010).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
- cites Kauramaki et al., 2010 source
Findingown data
Compared with execution, the imagery response displayed a more posterior distribution over parietal areas.
“The imagery response shows a more posterior pattern over parietal regions (bottom right plot, dipole pattern highlighted in a red box) compared with the execution response (top right plot, dipole pattern highlighted in a green box).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
Findingown data
Imagery responses averaged to a location in inferior parietal cortex (Brodmann area 40), close to the anterior intraparietal sulcus.
“Based on the relative distance between the execution and imagery responses, the mean imagery responses are located in inferior parietal cortex (Brodmann area 40) near anterior intraparietal sulcus, as illustrated in Figure 6B (Experiment 1: [−36.1 ± 6.1, −43.1 ± 6.6, 36.1 ± 5.3]; Experiment 2: [−35.1 ± 5.0, −39.6 ± 5.0, 39.4 ± 8.1]).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
Findingown data
The timing of execution responses matched the median behavioral reaction times.
“The execution response latencies were similar to behavioral median reaction times (Table 1).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

Findingown data
Imagery response topographies were consistently more posterior than execution-related patterns, especially over parietal regions.
“Despite predictable individual differences across participants, the topographies of the imagery responses consistently – and during a similar time window across all experiments – exhibited more posterior activity patterns than execution-related patterns, specifically over parietal regions.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
Findingown data
Most participants showed similar overt and covert hearing responses over bilateral temporal regions, likely auditory cortex.
“In sharp contrast to the articulation imagery data, similar responses for overt and covert hearing tasks were observed in most participants, over bilateral temporal areas, presumably reflecting the activity in auditory cortex (Figure 9B for Experiment 4; see Figures S4B and S6B in Supplementary Material for Experiments 3 and 5).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
Findingown data
Across Experiments 3-5, covert articulation patterns differed significantly from overt articulation responses.
“This suggests that the covert articulation patterns were significantly different from the articulation responses, consistently in Experiments 3–5.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
Findingown data
In Experiments 1 and 2, imagery-related topographic patterns differed significantly from execution-related patterns.
“That is, the topographic patterns associated with mental imagery activity were significantly different from those of the execution patterns.”
- Also stated in: § Finger tapping: experiments 1 and 2 · boosted
  “This quantitative group analysis supports the topographic differences in imagery and execution observed by visual inspection (Figure 4).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
Findingown data
Around the peak latency of the movement intention response, there was no significant difference between within and between angle measures for imagery and movement intention patterns.
“No significant difference was obtained between within and between angle measure [t(11) = −0.09, p = 0.93].”
- Also stated in: § Finger tapping: experiments 1 and 2 · boosted
  “The group pattern analyses demonstrate the compelling similarity between the responses elicited by mental imagery and the movement intention responses.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
- Rests on an assumption: An efference copy becomes available only after motor intention.
Findingown data
In both finger-tapping experiments, imagery produced weaker responses than execution.
“The amplitudes of the imagery responses were smaller than the execution responses in Experiments 1 and 2.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
Findingown data
Dipole modeling placed imagery response sources in parietal cortex near the anterior intraparietal sulcus in Experiments 1 and 2.
“Dipole modeling analyses confirmed that the neural sources of the imagery responses were located in parietal cortex, near anterior intraparietal sulcus (Experiments 1 and 2).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
Findingown data
Almost all participants showed a response after imagery articulation (RAIA) over bilateral temporal regions.
“The RAIA was observed in almost all participants (two participants did not obtain any apparent responses, one in Experiment 3, one in Experiment 5) over bilateral temporal areas (Figure 9C; for Experiments 3 and 5, see Figures S4C and S6C in Supplementary Material)”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
Findingown data
Across Experiments 3-5, hearing responses and RAIA showed similar topographic patterns.
“That is, crucially, the topographic patterns of the hearing responses and the RAIA were similar to each other, consistently across Experiments 3–5.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
Findingown data
Across Experiments 3-5, overt and covert hearing produced similar topographic patterns at task-relevant times.
“That is, the topographic patterns evoked by overt and covert hearing were similar to each other at the times constrained by the task, consistently across Experiments 3–5.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
Findingown data
The strongest empirical result is the auditory-like response roughly 170 ms after estimating somatosensory consequences of planned articulation.
“We take the most compelling empirical finding to be the auditory-like responses about 170 ms after the estimation of the somatosensory consequences of planned articulation.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
Findingown data
In Experiments 3-5, articulation imagery activated auditory cortex despite no external stimuli or overt feedback.
“Critically for the hypothesis under investigation, auditory cortex was activated after articulation imagery in Experiments 3–5, even though no external stimuli or possible overt feedback was available.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
Premisecitation
Increasing electrical stimulation over parietal cortex can turn an intention to move into a false conviction that movement occurred.
“a direct electrical stimulation study has demonstrated that the intention to move can be transformed to the false belief of moving by increasing the intensity of electrical cortical stimulation over parietal regions (Desmurget et al., 2009).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
- cites Desmurget et al., 2009
  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Premisecitation
Animal and patient investigations have supplied the strongest direct support for forward models.
“Most direct evidence for forward models has been obtained in animal preparations (e.g., Troyer and Doupe, 2000; Sommer and Wurtz, 2002) or patient studies (e.g., Desmurget et al., 2009).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
- cites Troyer and Doupe, 2000
  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- cites Sommer and Wurtz, 2002 source
- cites Desmurget et al., 2009
  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Premisecitation
Motor imagery engages a parietal-frontal circuit known to support motor control.
“a parietal–frontal network that mediates motor control is activated during motor imagery (Porro et al., 1996, 2000; Deiber et al., 1998; Lotze et al., 1999; Gerardin et al., 2000; Ehrsson et al., 2003; Hanakawa et al., 2003; Dechent et al., 2004; Meister et al., 2004)”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
- cites Porro et al., 1996 source
- cites Deiber et al., 1998 source
- cites Lotze et al., 1999 source
Interpretationown data
MEG data more directly support the idea that kinesthetic feeling arises from estimating motor state via a motor efference copy.
“The MEG data provide more direct evidence to support the position that the kinesthetic feeling is induced by estimating the motor status from a motor efference copy.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
Interpretationown data
The data also point to dynamic, sequentially updated forward models.
“and also suggest the dynamics and sequential updating structure of internal forward models.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
- The authors state this as an assumption: Forward models are assumed to update sequentially, with each sensory prediction based on the preceding internal estimate and this process repeatable without limit.
Interpretationreasoning
Shared spatial but distinct temporal activity suggests the same neural substrates support both functions at different times.
“That is, similar spatial but different temporal neural activities suggest that similar neural substrates underlie the processes of both functions at different times.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
Interpretationown data
The findings support linking kinesthetic feeling in motor imagery to parietal activity underlying somatosensory consequence estimation (motor efference copy).
“Our findings support the conjecture that the kinesthetic feeling in motor imagery is associated with the parietal activity that underlies the estimation of somatosensory consequences (motor efference copy in Figure 1).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
Interpretationown data
Unlike motor imagery, auditory imagery engages auditory cortex much like overt auditory perception.
“Second, we confirmed that auditory imagery, unlike motor imagery, implicates auditory cortex in a manner very similar to overt auditory perception.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
Interpretationown data
The finger-tapping and speech experiments yielded time-sensitive results that point to an efference-copy estimate.
“Finger tapping (studies 1 and 2) and speech experiments (studies 3–5) provide temporally constrained results that implicate the estimation of an efference copy.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
Interpretationown data
In the speech experiments, auditory neural activity about 170 ms after motor estimation indicates that a second forward model predicts the sounds expected from planned commands during imagined speech.
“observed auditory neural activity ~170 ms after motor estimation in speech experiments (studies 3–5) demonstrates the anticipated auditory consequences of planned motor commands in a second internal forward model in imagery of speech production.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
- The authors state this as an assumption: Forward models are assumed to update sequentially, with each sensory prediction based on the preceding internal estimate and this process repeatable without limit.
Interpretationown data
Auditory activation after covert articulation supports recurrent perceptual estimation, where auditory consequences are simulated after planned motor commands (perceptual efference copy).
“Moreover, the patterns of auditory activation observed after covert articulation supports the assumption of recurrent perceptual estimation that the auditory consequences are simulated (or estimated) after the planned motor commands (perceptual efference copy in Figure 1).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
Interpretationown data
A single forward model in parietal cortex may underlie the kinesthetic quality of motor imagery.
“We suggest that one internal forward model over parietal cortex subserves the kinesthetic feeling in motor imagery.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
Interpretationcitation
Posterior parietal activity during motor imagery supports the idea that movement intention and motor status estimation occur in similar parietal areas but at different times.
“Moreover, the observation of posterior parietal activity at the time of motor imagery responses supports the hypothesis that the generation of movement intention and estimation of motor status are carried out in the similar parietal areas (Desmurget et al., 2009), but with different temporal characteristics.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
- cites Desmurget et al., 2009
  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Interpretationown data
Overt auditory perception and auditory imagery appear to rely on overlapping auditory cortical fields.
“The results of visual inspection and pattern analyses thus argue that similar auditory cortical fields mediate both overt auditory perception and auditory imagery.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
Premisereasoning
Silent articulation offers a useful paradigm for testing forward-model and recurrent-estimation predictions, since it removes auditory feedback and proprioceptive cues.
“Covert speech, or articulation imagery, on the other hand, could constitute a suitable protocol to investigate the forward model and recurrent estimation predictions, because of the absence of auditory feedback and proprioceptive cues.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
- The authors state this as an assumption: Motor commands are assumed to be generated during articulation imagery.
Premisenone given
Direct proof of auditory efference copies during overt articulation is difficult to obtain.
“We submit that it is challenging to provide direct evidence supporting the existence of auditory efference copies during overt articulation.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
Interpretationown data
Motor imagery and motor execution are mediated by distinct neural substrates.
“In sum, visual inspection, waveform data, pattern analysis, and dipole fitting provide consistent evidence showing that different neural substrates mediate motor imagery and motor execution.”
- Also stated in: § Finger tapping: experiments 1 and 2 · plain
  “The results support the view that different neural substrates are mediating movement execution and the kinesthetic feeling in motor imagery.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
Study design and conductnone given
The angle test is a valid method for formally assessing similarity between activity patterns.
“Having demonstrated that our technique is a valid approach to formally assess the similarity between activity patterns, the angle measure between mental imagery and execution was calculated.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
Interpretationreasoning
Parietal activity is linked to the kinesthetic sensation during motor imagery, likely reflecting estimation of motor state from an efference copy.
“The kinesthetic feeling in motor imagery is by hypothesis associated with parietal activity, presumably underlying the estimation of motor status from an efference copy.”
- Also stated in: § The importance of parietal cortex · hedged
  “Our findings support the conjecture that the kinesthetic feeling in motor imagery is associated with the parietal activity that underlies the estimation of somatosensory consequences (motor efference copy in Figure 1).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
Interpretationown data
Processes of motor intention and motor imagery may share overlapping neural substrates within the intraparietal sulcus.
“As seen in Figure 7A, the ECD of the “movement intention response” was located in intraparietal sulcus ([−22.6, −62.5, 33.0]). Interestingly, as shown in Figure 7B, the imagery response was also located in a similar intraparietal sulcus region ([−26.6, −56.9, 26.1]), indicating that the motor intention and motor imagery processes may involve similar or overlapping neural substrates.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
Interpretationown data
Temporally constrained MEG results align with PET and fMRI observations of parietal activity during motor imagery.
“Our temporally constrained MEG results converge with the observation of parietal activity during motor imagery obtained in PET studies (Decety et al., 1994; Deiber et al., 1998) and fMRI studies (Lotze et al., 1999; Gerardin et al., 2000; Ehrsson et al., 2003; Hanakawa et al., 2003; Dechent et al., 2004; Meister et al., 2004).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
- cites Decety et al., 1994 source
- cites Deiber et al., 1998 source
- cites Lotze et al., 1999 source
Premisecitation
Even when white noise masks the sound of one's own speech, PET still shows activity in associative auditory cortex that may reflect an auditory efference copy.
“when auditory feedback generated by self-produced speech was blocked by white noise, associative auditory cortex activity (possibly the auditory efference copy) was still present in PET results (Paus et al., 1996).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
- cites Paus et al., 1996
  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Interpretationown data
The results offer fairly direct evidence for auditory efference copies that may underlie multisensory integration and verbal hallucinations in schizophrenia.
“Our results provide rather direct evidence to support the existence of auditory efference copies that could underlie multisensory integration and the causes of verbal hallucination in schizophrenia patients.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
Interpretationreasoning
This auditory efference copy was likely elicited about 170 ms after estimating somatosensory consequences from articulatory motor commands.
“Such an auditory efference copy was presumably elicited after (~170 ms) the estimation of somatosensory consequences caused by articulatory motor commands.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
Premisecitation
Ford and colleagues reported absent N1 suppression to auditory stimuli during speaking and inner speech in schizophrenia patients.
“Indeed, Ford and colleagues found that the suppression of N1 responses to auditory stimuli during speaking and inner speech was absent in schizophrenia patients (Ford et al., 2001a,b, 2007).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
- cites Ford et al., 2001a,b, 2007
  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Premisecitation
Neurological evidence indicates intact perceptual cortex alone cannot support mental imagery.
“In fact, neurological evidence suggests that intact perceptual cortex is not sufficient for mental imagery (Moro et al., 2008).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
- cites Moro et al., 2008 source
Interpretationown data
Perceptual neural systems generate representations during covert perception or imagery.
“That is, perceptual neural systems are engaged to generate the representation during “covert perception” or imagery.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 21
May combine two claims. 32

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
Premisecitation
Houde and colleagues, as well as Rauschecker and Scott, have advanced comparable models.
“Similar models are proposed by Houde (Houde et al., 2007; Ventura et al., 2009) and Rauschecker and Scott (2009).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 3 sources checked
- cites Houde et al., 2007 source
- cites Ventura et al., 2009
  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- cites Rauschecker and Scott, 2009 source
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S1 (asserted).
Premisecitation
Grush proposes that the proprioceptive and kinesthetic feelings experienced in motor imagery arise from emulating intended motor commands.
“Grush (2004) further proposes, based on the notion of a Kalman filter, that the proprioceptive and kinesthetic sensations produced during motor imagery are the consequences of emulation of planned motor commands.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
- cites Grush, 2004 source
Classified as probably not a substantial claim.
Premisecitation
Motor execution and motor imagery have similar completion time courses.
“Because previous studies suggest that the time courses for completing motor execution and imagery are comparable (Decety and Michel, 1989; Decety et al., 1989; Sirigu et al., 1995, 1996)”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 3 sources checked
- cites Decety and Michel, 1989 source
- cites Decety et al., 1989
  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- cites Sirigu et al., 1995
  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
May combine two claims.
Findingown data
In Experiment 1, 11 of 12 participants had more posterior ECDs for imagery than execution, and in Experiment 2, 10 of 12 participants had more posterior ECD locations.
“In Experiment 1 (Figure 6A), 11 out of 12 participants presented more posterior ECDs, whereas only one participant showed a more anterior and medial ECD (mean distance (mm) = [9.9, −27.1, −14.9]1 and SEM (mm) = [6.1, 6.6, 5.3]).”
- Also stated in: § Finger tapping: experiments 1 and 2 · plain
  “Similar results were obtained in Experiment 2 (Figure S3 in Supplementary Material), where 10 out of 12 participants had more posterior ECD locations (mean distance (mm) = [10.9, −23.6, −11.6] and SEM (mm) = [5.0, 5.0, 8.1]).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
May combine two claims.
Findingown data
Execution responses did not differ between Experiments 1 and 2, nor between participants who used the thumb versus the index finger.
“There were no differences between the execution responses in Experiments 1 and 2, nor between the responses of participants using their thumb or index finger to respond.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
May combine two claims.
Findingown data
Parietal cortex activity preceded both execution and imagery responses, consistent with motor intention research.
“Our results demonstrate that neural activity in parietal cortex was observed prior to both execution and imagery responses, which is in agreement with motor intention studies (Snyder et al., 1997; Quiroga, 2006; Desmurget et al., 2009).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
- cites Snyder et al., 1997 source
- cites Quiroga, 2006
  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- cites Desmurget et al., 2009
  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
May combine two claims.
Findingown data
In Experiment 1, imagery was more posterior than execution in eleven of twelve participants; one participant instead showed a more anterior and medial pattern.
“In Experiment 1, 11 of 12 participants showed more posterior activity in the imagery task when compared to individual execution responses, whereas only one participant showed more anterior and medial activity patterns.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
May combine two claims.
Findingown data
In Experiments 1 and 2, the cue-locked execution response topography became similar to the execution-locked template around execution onset, and at the execution peak there was no significant difference between within and between angle measures.
“As depicted in Figure 5A, the between angle measure was significantly smaller prior to or after the execution onset in Experiment 1. However, the between angle measure between the cue-locked and execution-locked activity patterns began to overlap with the within angle measure as time approached the execution onset (time 0).”
- Also stated in: § Finger tapping: experiments 1 and 2 · plain
  “No significant differences were found between the within angle measure and between angle measure in either Experiment 1, [t(11) = −1.47, p = 0.17], or Experiment 2 [t(11) = 0.72, p = 0.49].”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
May combine two claims.
Findingown data
Execution tasks yielded a left-lateralized frontal pattern in all twelve participants, likely reflecting motor-cortex activity from right-hand finger movement.
“In the execution tasks, the spatial activity pattern was left lateralized over frontal lobe, consistent for all 12 participants, presumably reflecting activity in motor cortex evoked by right finger movement.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
May combine two claims.
Findingown data
Covert articulation imagery showed patterns distinct from overt articulation, with time-locked parietal activation.
“The activity patterns for the imagery task (Figure 9A, right plot) were different from execution response, with time-locked activation appearing in parietal cortex.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
May combine two claims.
Findingown data
The intervals between movement intention and execution responses varied among participants, with a mean of 231.3 ms and SEM of 31.9 ms.
“The intervals between the intention responses and execution responses varied among participants (mean = 231.3 ms, SEM = 31.9 ms).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
May combine two claims.
Findingown data
Experiment 1 showed peaks near 550 ms for both tasks, with execution at 550 ms and imagery at 545 ms but lower amplitude.
“The peak amplitudes of the responses occurred around 550 ms in both tasks: the execution response peaked at 550 ms (Figure 4A), and the imagery response peaked at 545 ms, though with smaller amplitude (Figure 4B).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
May combine two claims.
Findingown data
Imagery patterns differed from execution patterns, and participants varied individually.
“The activity patterns in the imagery task were different from those of the execution task, and individual differences appeared among participants.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
May combine two claims.
Findingown data
Experiment 2 had peaks near 1200 ms, at 1238 ms for execution and 1244 ms for imagery, again with imagery weaker.
“The peak amplitudes of the responses in Experiment 2 occurred around 1200 ms, with peaks at 1238 ms in the execution task, and 1244 ms in the imagery task, though again with smaller amplitude (Figure S1 in Supplementary Material).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
May combine two claims.
Findingown data
Experiment 2 found more posterior imagery activity in ten of twelve participants, with two showing anterior and medial dipole patterns.
“Similar results were obtained in Experiment 2, where 10 of 12 participants showed more posterior activity in the imagery task and 2 participants showed more anterior and medial dipole patterns”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
May combine two claims.
Findingown data
RAIA-to-imagery-articulation intervals fell within actual hearing response latencies, averaging 175.4 ms in Exp3, 170.4 ms in Exp4, and 141.5 ms in Exp5.
“The latencies of RAIA are shown in Table 2, and the interval between the RAIA and the IA responses were in the range of actual hearing response latencies (mean = 175.4 ms, SEM = 21.1 ms in Experiment 3; mean = 170.4 ms, SEM = 18.1 ms in Experiment 4; and mean = 141.5 ms, SEM = 22.6 ms in Experiment 5).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.
Premisecitation
The DIVA architecture uses a copy of the motor command to shape later motor preparation and a separate auditory copy to forecast the sound that may result.
“In their model, an efference copy of a motor command is used to constrain further motor preparation (Guenther et al., 1998) and an additional auditory efference copy is used to predict the possible auditory outcome (Guenther et al., 2006).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
- cites Guenther et al., 1998
  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- cites Guenther et al., 2006
  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.
Premisecitation
Speaking aloud reduces responses to sounds presented at the same time, and this suppression has been interpreted as evidence for auditory efference copies.
“overt speech usually has dampening effects on simultaneously presented auditory stimuli (Numminen et al., 1999; Curio et al., 2000; Houde et al., 2002), and such speaking-induced response suppression has been argued to point to auditory efference copies.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
- cites Numminen et al., 1999 source
- cites Curio et al., 2000
  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- cites Houde et al., 2002 source
Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.
Premisereasoning
The elaborated control scheme contains two forward models: one estimates the motor state that would follow execution of intended commands, and the other forecasts the sensory effects arising from that first estimate.
“The first model estimates what the motor state would be after executing the target motor commands. The second model predicts the sensory consequences induced by the estimation of first forward model.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
Classified as probably not a substantial claim.
Premisereasoning
Evidence with fine temporal resolution can offer a new test of whether kinesthetic experience during motor imagery depends on an efference-copy prediction of motor state.
“Hence, temporally constrained evidence can provide a novel test for the hypothesis that the kinesthetic feeling in motor imagery is caused by the internal prediction of motor status from an efference copy – the estimation results of the first internal forward model (Figure 1).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S1 (asserted).
Premisecitation
A recent account holds that awareness of movement incorporates internally estimated somatosensory effects of planned commands, generated from an efference copy in posterior parietal cortex.
“A recent theory proposes that motor awareness is not merely the result of action execution, but includes the somatosensory consequences estimated internally from the efference copy of planned motor commands, in posterior parietal regions (Desmurget and Sirigu, 2009).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
- cites Desmurget and Sirigu, 2009
  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Classified as probably not a substantial claim.
Premisecitation
The forward-model framework holds that the brain simulates motor commands and forecasts the sensory outcomes those commands will produce.
“Forward models incorporate at their core the presupposition that neural systems internally simulate motor (output) commands and predict their perceptual consequences (for review see Wolpert and Ghahramani, 2000).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
- cites Wolpert and Ghahramani, 2000 source
Classified as probably not a substantial claim.
Premisecitation
That study left unresolved whether the reported motor awareness came from stronger stimulation or from longer-lasting activity in posterior parietal neural populations.
“In that case, it remained unclear whether motor awareness was caused by high stimulation intensity or prolonged activation of neural assemblies in posterior parietal cortex.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
- cites Desmurget et al., 2009
  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
Premisecitation
Prior findings have been taken to support an auditory efference copy during speech production.
“Some evidence has already been marshaled to support the existence of an auditory efference copy in speech production.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
May combine two claims.
Premisereasoning
During speech, the initial forward model estimates the state of the vocal tract, while the second forecasts the auditory result.
“In speech production, the status of the vocal apparatus is estimated by the first, the auditory output is predicted by the second model.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
Classified as probably not a substantial claim.
Premisecitation
Several forward models have been proposed to operate during the control of ongoing speech.
“Multiple internal forward models have been hypothesized in the online control of speech production.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
- cites Guenther, 1995
  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- cites Guenther et al., 1998
  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- cites Guenther et al., 2006
  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Classified as probably not a substantial claim.
Premisereasoning
MEG supplies neural data at a useful level of detail because of its timing and adequate spatial resolution.
“MEG was used in all experiments because its temporal resolution and suitable spatial resolution provide neurophysiological data at an appropriate granularity.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
May combine two claims.
Interpretationown data
Under identical temporal constraints, motor imagery uses a neural substrate distinct from motor execution, with parietal activity linked to imagery.
“First, in time-cued finger tapping experiments (designed in part to develop and validate the approach to investigating mental imagery in electrophysiology) we discovered that motor imagery draws on a different neuronal substrate from motor execution under the same temporal constraints. Imagery is associated with parietal activity.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
May combine two claims.
Interpretationown data
The findings offer human neurophysiological support for forward models that use efference copies in somatosensory cortex during finger tapping and in auditory cortex during speech production.
“Our results provide neurophysiological evidence from the human brain in favor of internal forward models deploying efference copies in somatosensory and auditory cortex, in finger tapping and speech production tasks, respectively”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.
Premisecitation
The auditory M100 is a strong, reliable response occurring about 100 ms after sound onset.
“The auditory M100 is a prominent and robust response, observed around 100 ms after auditory stimulus onset and has been a widely investigated auditory MEG response (for review see Roberts et al., 2000).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
- cites Roberts et al., 2000 source
May combine two claims.
Interpretationown data
Articulation imagery engaged posterior parietal areas rather than primary motor cortex, matching the finger movement findings from Experiments 1 and 2.
“Both the results of visual inspection and quantitative pattern analyses show that articulation motor imagery did not activate primary motor cortex but more posterior parietal areas, consistent with the results obtained in Experiments 1 and 2 for finger movement.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
May combine two claims.
Interpretationown data
The data link kinesthetic feeling to parietal cortex activity, consistent with prior lesion and stimulation studies highlighting inferior and posterior parietal cortex in motor imagery.
“Furthermore, our data suggest that the kinesthetic feeling is associated with activity in parietal cortex, which agrees with previous findings suggesting the importance of inferior and posterior parietal cortex during motor imagery in neurological lesion studies (Sirigu et al., 1996) and direct stimulation studies (Desmurget et al., 2009).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
- cites Sirigu et al., 1996
  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- cites Desmurget et al., 2009
  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
May combine two claims.
Interpretationown data
Covert articulation is followed by auditory cortex activation, likely the predicted perceptual outcome of estimating an auditory efference copy in the second internal forward model.
“The results supported the view that auditory cortex is activated after covert articulation, and this auditory-like response is most likely the predicted perceptual consequence as the estimation of an auditory efference copy in the second internal forward model.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
May combine two claims.
Interpretationown data
Motor intention responses precede execution by roughly 230 ms, matching the idea that conscious intention arises about 250 ms before movement or imagery from posterior parietal cortex activity.
“The data suggest that the motor intention responses occur ~230 ms before motor execution, consistent with the hypothesis that conscious motor intention occurs around 250 ms before movement or imagery, as a result of the neural activity in posterior parietal cortex (Desmurget and Sirigu, 2009).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
- cites Desmurget and Sirigu, 2009
  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
May combine two claims.
Interpretationreasoning
Because visual imagery findings are similar, the data support a principled distinction between perceptual and motor imagery.
“Given the similar findings on visual imagery in the literature, our data are consistent with a principled perceptual versus motor imagery distinction.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
May combine two claims.
Interpretationown data
Overt versus covert speech replicated the distinct-substrate pattern, suggesting this is a general feature of motor imagery and that kinesthetic feeling arises from internal forward model estimation.
“This pattern was replicated for overt versus covert (imagined) speech, suggesting that it is a more general property of motor imagery, and that the kinesthetic feeling is the result of estimation in an internal forward model.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
Classified as probably not a substantial claim.
Study design and conductcitation
The angle test of response similarity allows spatial similarity to be evaluated in electrophysiological work.
“This technique permits the assessment of spatial similarity in electrophysiological experiments (Huber et al., 2008; Tian and Huber, 2008; Davelaar et al., submitted)”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
- cites Huber et al., 2008 source
- cites Tian and Huber, 2008 source
- cites Davelaar et al., submitted
  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.
Study design and conductown data
Head position remained largely stable across each experiment, with average coil displacement before versus after recording below 5 mm and standard error below 0.62 mm.
“The mean distance between pre- and post-experiment coil location was less than 5 mm with SEM less than 0.62 mm in all experiments. Such small distance demonstrated that the head positions did not change much throughout the experiments.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
Interpretationreasoning
The short interval between movement intention and execution is presumably due to the simple task and the temporally constrained experimental design.
“The short interval between the movement intention and execution is presumably because of the simple task and the temporally constrained experimental design.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
- Rests on an assumption: The simple button-pressing task requires no complex movement planning.
Classified as probably not a substantial claim.
Study design and conductnone given
The covert imagery tasks avoid confounding from overt input and output requirements.
“our covert, mental imagery tasks are unconfounded by overt input/output demands – but in turn necessitate the development of appropriate multi-dimensional topographic analyses.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.
Study design and conductcitation
The multivariate method's limited spatial resolution prevents finer quantification of the neural ensembles underlying overt stimulation, covert imagery, and the auditory efference copy; fMRI is needed for this.
“Although the pattern similarity between overt stimulation, covert imagery, and the implicated auditory efference copy was quantified by a multivariate method, the limited spatial resolution of the method prevents more granular quantification of the neural ensembles that mediate them. High spatial resolution techniques, such as fMRI, are needed to assess this question (Zatorre and Halpern, 2005).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
- cites Zatorre and Halpern, 2005 source
May combine two claims.
Interpretationcitation
Auditory imagery and perception show similar neural responses, matching fMRI findings of shared substrates.
“The resemblance of neural responses in auditory imagery and auditory perception (Experiments 3–5) agrees with findings that similar neural substrates mediate auditory perception and imagery in fMRI studies (Zatorre et al., 1996; Wheeler et al., 2000; Schürmann et al., 2002; Halpern et al., 2004; Aleman et al., 2005; Bunzeck et al., 2005; Zatorre et al., 2009).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
- cites Zatorre et al., 1996 source
- cites Wheeler et al., 2000
  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- cites Schürmann et al., 2002 source
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.
Premisecitation
Mental imagery is complex and necessarily involves distributed neural systems.
“Moreover, mental imagery is surely a complex process that must involve distributed neural systems (Mellet et al., 1998; Handy et al., 2004; Mechelli et al., 2004; Sack et al., 2008).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
- cites Mellet et al., 1998 source
- cites Handy et al., 2004 source
- cites Mechelli et al., 2004
  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
May combine two claims.
Interpretationcitation
Results fit a model of auditory verbal hallucinations in schizophrenia: hallucinations reflect misinterpreting self-generated vocalizations, with patients failing to predict their own articulation's consequences and attributing them externally.
“Moreover, the results align well with a model that accounts for auditory verbal hallucinations in schizophrenia patients (for review see Frith, 2005): auditory verbal hallucinations are explained as the results of erroneous interpretations of self-generated vocalizations. That is, patients fail to predict the consequence of their own articulation, but attribute them to the external causes.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
- cites Frith, 2005
  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.
Premisecitation
Task demands and content can alter the neural mechanisms of mental imagery, while attention affects imagery depth and perceptual processing within a hierarchical architecture.
“In addition, task demands and content can modulate the neural mechanisms that mediate the mental imagery (Kosslyn and Thompson, 2003; Kraemer et al., 2005), and attentional factors also influence the depth of imagery and perceptual processing in a hierarchical neural architecture (Moscovitch et al., 1994; Roland and Gulyas, 1994; Sakai and Miyashita, 1994; Mellet et al., 1998).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
- cites Kosslyn and Thompson, 2003 source
- cites Kraemer et al., 2005 source
- cites Moscovitch et al., 1994 source

45 of 45

The authors state this as an assumption.
Forward models are assumed to update sequentially, with each sensory prediction based on the preceding internal estimate and this process repeatable without limit.
“A critical assumption of the theory concerns the sequential updating structure of forward models (Kawato, 1999; Hesslow, 2002; Schubotz, 2007). Specifically, a sensory consequence can be predicted based on the previous internal estimate, and this process can be iterated ad infinitum.”
The authors state this as an assumption.
The kinesthetic feeling during motor imagery is assumed to occur at a latency similar to that of an overt execution response.
“under the assumption that the kinesthetic feeling is elicited at a similar latency as the latency of an overt execution response”
The authors state this as an assumption.
Motor commands are assumed to be generated during articulation imagery.
“On the premise that motor commands are formed during articulation imagery, the potential auditory consequences can then be estimated in such an imagery task.”
The authors state this as an assumption.
People are assumed to be able to simulate perception and action internally.
“The central assumption – that people can simulate perception and action internally (Hesslow, 2002) – is supported by multiple lines of evidence.”
The paper relies on this without support.
An efference copy becomes available only after motor intention.
“because the efference copy can only be available after the motor intention”
The paper relies on this without support.
The simple button-pressing task requires no complex movement planning.
“the simple button pressing task does not require complex movement planning”

6 of 6

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Imagined speaking and hearing both localized to bilateral temporal cortex, but imagery for speaking localized first to left parietal cortex.
“Imagined speaking and hearing both localized to bilateral temporal cortex (which was interpreted as indicating the auditory simulation process), but imagery for speaking localized first to left parietal cortex (Tian & Poeppel, 2010).”
From Inner Speech: Development, Cognitive Functions, Phenomenology, and Neurobiology (2015) · cites this paper as Tian & Poeppel, 2010
In Results, “Overt versus covert speech: experiments 3–5” (page unavailable), imagined hearing produced responses over bilateral temporal areas, and imagined articulation was followed by a bilateral temporal auditory-like response. The same section reports parietal activity during imagined articulation before that response, but does not localize the speech-imagery activity specifically to the left parietal cortex. The left-sided parietal localization reported elsewhere in Results concerns finger-tapping imagery. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Neuroimaging studies of inner speech have been driven primarily by an interest in the possible role of inner speech in the experience of auditory verbal hallucinations.
“Such studies have been conducted since the earliest days of neuroimaging (McGuire et al., 1995), and have been driven primarily by an interest in the possible role of inner speech in the experience of auditory verbal hallucinations (see Adult Psychopathology), although neuroimaging research on verbal working memory (e.g., Marvel & Desmond, 2010) and imagery for speech (Tian & Poeppel, 2010) has”
From Inner Speech: Development, Cognitive Functions, Phenomenology, and Neurobiology (2015) · cites this paper as Tian & Poeppel, 2010

Statistics recomputed

Every reported test result, recomputed from its test statistic and degrees of freedom. A result shows as not adding up only once an independent check has confirmed it.

Consistentt(11) = -1.47reported p = .17 · recomputed p = .170
“t(11) = −1.47, p = .17”
Consistentt(11) = 0.72reported p = .49 · recomputed p = .487
“t(11) = 0.72, p = .49”
Consistentt(11) = 2.89reported p < .05 · recomputed p = .015
“t(11) = 2.89, p < .05”
Consistentt(11) = 2.92reported p < .05 · recomputed p = .014
“t(11) = 2.92, p < .05”
Consistentt(11) = 2.38reported p < .05 · recomputed p = .037
“t(11) = 2.38, p < .05”
Consistentt(11) = 2.98reported p < .05 · recomputed p = .013
“t(11) = 2.98, p < .05”
Consistentt(11) = 3.81reported p < .01 · recomputed p = .003
“t(11) = 3.81, p < .01”
Consistentt(11) = -0.09reported p = .93 · recomputed p = .930
“t(11) = −0.09, p = .93”
Consistentt(11) = 3.22reported p < .01 · recomputed p = .008
“t(11) = 3.22, p < .01”
Consistentt(11) = 3.54reported p < .005 · recomputed p = .005
“t(11) = 3.54, p < .005”
Consistentt(11) = 0.33reported p = .75 · recomputed p = .748
“t(11) = 0.33, p = .75”
Consistentt(11) = 3.7reported p < .005 · recomputed p = .004
“t(11) = 3.70, p < .005”
Consistentt(9) = 3.31reported p < .01 · recomputed p = .009
“t(9) = 3.31, p < .01”
Consistentt(9) = 2.53reported p < .05 · recomputed p = .032
“t(9) = 2.53, p < .05”
Consistentt(7) = 5.42reported p < .01 · recomputed p < .001
“t(7) = 5.42, p < .01”
Consistentt(9) = 0.85reported p = .42 · recomputed p = .417
“t(9) = 0.85, p = .42”
Consistentt(9) = 0.48reported p = .64 · recomputed p = .643
“t(9) = 0.48, p = .64”
Consistentt(7) = 1.62reported p = .15 · recomputed p = .149
“t(7) = 1.62, p = .15”
Consistentt(9) = 3.48reported p < .01 · recomputed p = .007
“t(9) = 3.48, p < .01”
Consistentt(9) = 2.28reported p < .05 · recomputed p = .049
“t(9) = 2.28, p < .05”
Consistentt(9) = 2.71reported p < .05 · recomputed p = .024
“t(9) = 2.71, p < .05”
Consistentt(9) = 2.27reported p < .05 · recomputed p = .049
“t(9) = 2.27, p < .05”
Consistentt(7) = 3.81reported p < .01 · recomputed p = .007
“t(7) = 3.81, p < .01”
Consistentt(7) = 2.65reported p < .05 · recomputed p = .033
“t(7) = 2.65, p < .05”
Consistentt(9) = 0.72reported p = .49 · recomputed p = .490
“t(9) = 0.72, p = .49”
Consistentt(9) = 0.01reported p = .99 · recomputed p = .992
“t(9) = 0.01, p = .99”
Consistentt(7) = 1.49reported p = .18 · recomputed p = .180
“t(7) = 1.49, p = .18”
Consistentt(9) = 4.38reported p < .01 · recomputed p = .002
“t(9) = 4.38, p < .01”
Consistentt(9) = 4.92reported p < .001 · recomputed p < .001
“t(9) = 4.92, p < .001”
Consistentt(9) = 2.36reported p < .05 · recomputed p = .043
“t(9) = 2.36, p < .05”
Consistentt(9) = 3.23reported p < .05 · recomputed p = .010
“t(9) = 3.23, p < .05”
Consistentt(7) = 5.8reported p < .001 · recomputed p < .001
“t(7) = 5.80, p < .001”
Consistentt(7) = 2.47reported p < .05 · recomputed p = .043
“t(7) = 2.47, p < .05”

33 of 33

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

Self-check results appear here once an independent check has confirmed them.

Two new Later Stone Age sites from the Final Pleistocene in the Falémé Valley, eastern Senegal
Ndiaye, M., Lespez, L., Tribolo, C., Rassé, M., Hadjas, I., Davidoux, S., Huysecom, É., & Douze, K. (2024) · Monash University Research Portal (Monash University) · doi:10.3929/ethz-b-000667478 · Cited by 24,015 · see citing works
Co-Planar Stereotaxic Atlas of the Human Brain
Talairach, J., & Tournoux, P. (1988) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 11,798 · see citing works
Co-planar stereotaxic atlas of the human brain
Laitinen, L. (1989) · Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery · doi:10.1016/0303-8467(89)90128-5 · Cited by 7,565 · see citing works
Magnetoencephalography – theory, instrumentation, and applications to noninvasive studies of the working human brain
Hämäläinen, M., Hari, R., Ilmoniemi, R. J., Knuutila, J., & Lounasmaa, O. V. (1993) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.65.413 · Cited by 4,684 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Equivalent current dipole (ECD) analysis (Hämäläinen et al., 1993) was used to model the cortical sources of observed activity patterns in the execution and imagery tasks.”
A new SPM toolbox for combining probabilistic cytoarchitectonic maps and functional imaging data
Eickhoff, S. B., Stephan, K. E., Mohlberg, H., Grefkes, C., Fink, G. R., Amunts, K., & Zilles, K. (2005) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.12.034 · Cited by 4,033 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The finger motor representation in Brodmann area 4a is located at [−46, −16, 51] in Talairach coordinates (Talairach and Tournoux, 1988), defined by the cytoarchitectonic maximum probabilistic map using in fMRI (Eickhoff et al., 2005; Sharma et al., 2008).”
Internal models for motor control and trajectory planning.
Kawato, M. (1999) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0959-4388(99)00028-8 · Cited by 2,685 · cited 6× · see citing works
“Wolpert, D. M., and Ghahramani, Z. (2000).”
Influential
A probabilistic atlas and reference system for the human brain: International Consortium for Brain Mapping (ICBM)
Mazziotta, J. C., Toga, A. W., Evans, A. C., Fox, P. T., Lancaster, J. L., Zilles, K., Woods, R. P., Paus, T., Simpson, G. V., Pike, G. B., et al. (2001) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2001.0915 · Cited by 2,334 · see citing works
Forward Models for Physiological Motor Control
Miall, R. C., & Wolpert, D. M. (1996) · Neural Networks · doi:10.1016/s0893-6080(96)00035-4 · Cited by 2,260 · cited 2× · see citing works
“www.frontiersin.org October 2010 | Volume 1 | Article 166 | 1 Original research article published: 21 October 2010 doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2010.00166 Mental imagery of speech and movement implicates the dynamics of internal forward models”
Influential
Computational principles of movement neuroscience
Wolpert, D. M., & Ghahramani, Z. (2000) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/81497 · Cited by 2,122 · cited 6× · see citing works
“Kawato, M. (1999).”
Influential
Handbuch der physiologischen Optik
Cz., P. (1896) · Monatshefte für Mathematik · doi:10.1007/bf01708548 · Cited by 2,071 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…since the elaboration of the notions of efference copy and “corollary discharge” by von Holst and Mittelstaedt (1950, 1973), based on suggestions by von Helmholtz (1910) – elicited considerable theoretical interest and stimulated experimental research in neuroscience, including in motor control…”
Handbuch der physiologischen Optik
Helmholtz, H. L. F. (2011) · DFG Viewer (DFG Viewer) · Cited by 1,947 · see citing works
Neural foundations of imagery
Kosslyn, S. M., Ganis, G., & Thompson, W. L. (2001) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/35090055 · Cited by 1,894 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Mental imagery is a widely investigated aspect of cognition, and research on this topic has provided important insights into the nature of mental representation and has provoked significant debate in psychology and the cognitive sciences (Pylyshyn, 1981, 2003; Kosslyn, 1994; Kosslyn et al., 2001).”
Maps and streams in the auditory cortex: nonhuman primates illuminate human speech processing
Rauschecker, J. P., & Scott, S. K. (2009) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2331 · Cited by 1,766 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Similar models are proposed by Houde (Houde et al., 2007; Ventura et al., 2009) and Rauschecker and Scott (2009).”
The emulation theory of representation: Motor control, imagery, and perception
Grush, R. (2004) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x04000093 · Cited by 1,387 · cited 8× · see citing works
“Decety, J., Jeannerod, M., and Prablanc, C. (1989).”
Influential
Image and Brain: The Resolution of the Imagery Debate
Kosslyn, S. M. (1994) · Cited by 1,352 · see citing works
Intentional Maps in Posterior Parietal Cortex
Andersen, R. A., & Buneo, C. A. (2002) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.25.112701.142922 · Cited by 1,294 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Several studies (Snyder et al., 1997; Thoenissen et al., 2002; Desmurget et al., 2009) suggest that motor intention is mediated by the posterior parietal cortex (for reviews see Crammond, 1997; Andersen and Buneo, 2002).”
Predicting Human Brain Activity Associated with the Meanings of Nouns
Mitchell, T. M., Shinkareva, S. V., Carlson, A., Chang, K.-M., Malave, V. L., Mason, R. A., & Just, M. A. (2008) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1152876 · Cited by 1,180 · cited 1× · see citing works
“This same data-analytic approach has been applied, as well, in fMRI research (Mitchell et al., 2008; Braze et al., 2010) and neural network modeling (Hinton and Shallice, 1991).”
Mental imagery in the motor context
Jeannerod, M. (1995) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/0028-3932(95)00073-c · Cited by 1,150 · cited 2× · see citing works
“www.frontiersin.org October 2010 | Volume 1 | Article 166 | 1 Original research article published: 21 October 2010 doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2010.00166 Mental imagery of speech and movement implicates the dynamics of internal forward models”
Influential
Coding of intention in the posterior parietal cortex
Snyder, L. H., Batista, A. P., & Andersen, R. A. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/386167a0 · Cited by 1,103 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Several studies (Snyder et al., 1997; Thoenissen et al., 2002; Desmurget et al., 2009) suggest that motor intention is mediated by the posterior parietal cortex (for reviews see Crammond, 1997; Andersen and Buneo, 2002).”
The imagery debate: Analogue media versus tacit knowledge.
Pylyshyn, Z. W. (1981) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.88.1.16 · Cited by 1,099 · cited 2× · see citing works
“www.frontiersin.org October 2010 | Volume 1 | Article 166 | 1 Original research article published: 21 October 2010 doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2010.00166 Mental imagery of speech and movement implicates the dynamics of internal forward models”
Influential
Motor imagery activates primary sensorimotor area in humans
Pfurtscheller, G., & Neuper, C. (1997) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(97)00889-6 · Cited by 1,052 · cited 1× · see citing works
“For example, motor imagery studies have an established history (e.g., Jeannerod, 1995; Parsons et al., 1995; Porro et al., 1996; Pfurtscheller and Neuper, 1997).”
Activation of Cortical and Cerebellar Motor Areas during Executed and Imagined Hand Movements: An fMRI Study
Lotze, M., Montoya, P., Erb, M., Hülsmann, E., Flor, H., Klose, U., Birbaumer, N., & Grodd, W. (1999) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/089892999563553 · Cited by 993 · cited 3× · see citing works
“…particular, a parietal–frontal network that mediates motor control is activated during motor imagery (Porro et al., 1996, 2000; Deiber et al., 1998; Lotze et al., 1999; Gerardin et al., 2000; Ehrsson et al., 2003; Hanakawa et al., 2003; Dechent et al., 2004; Meister et al., 2004) and activity in…”
Influential
Mapping motor representations with positron emission tomography
Decety, J., Perani, D., Jeannerod, M., Bettinardi, V., Tadary, B., Woods, R., Mazziotta, J. C., & Fazio, F. (1994) · Nature · doi:10.1038/371600a0 · Cited by 976 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Our temporally constrained MEG results converge with the observation of parietal activity during motor imagery obtained in PET studies (Decety et al., 1994; Deiber et al., 1998) and fMRI studies (Lotze et al., 1999; Gerardin et al., 2000; Ehrsson et al., 2003; Hanakawa et al., 2003; Dechent et al.,…”
From the perception of action to the understanding of intention
Blakemore, S., & Decety, J. (2001) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/35086023 · Cited by 951 · cited 2× · see citing works
“www.frontiersin.org October 2010 | Volume 1 | Article 166 | 1 Original research article published: 21 October 2010 doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2010.00166 Mental imagery of speech and movement implicates the dynamics of internal forward models”
Influential
Partially overlapping neural networks for real and imagined hand movements.
Gerardin, E. (2000) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/10.11.1093 · Cited by 930 · cited 3× · see citing works
“www.frontiersin.org October 2010 | Volume 1 | Article 166 | 1 Original research article published: 21 October 2010 doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2010.00166 Mental imagery of speech and movement implicates the dynamics of internal forward models”
Influential
Primary Motor and Sensory Cortex Activation during Motor Performance and Motor Imagery: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study
Porro, C. A., Francescato, M. P., Cettolo, V., Diamond, M. E., Baraldi, P., Zuiani, C., Bazzocchi, M., & di Prampero, P. E. (1996) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.16-23-07688.1996 · Cited by 924 · cited 3× · see citing works
“In particular, a parietal–frontal network that mediates motor control is activated during motor imagery (Porro et al., 1996, 2000; Deiber et al., 1998; Lotze et al., 1999; Gerardin et al., 2000; Ehrsson et al., 2003; Hanakawa et al., 2003; Dechent et al., 2004; Meister et al., 2004) and activity in…”
Influential
Neural modeling and imaging of the cortical interactions underlying syllable production
Guenther, F. H., Ghosh, S. S., & Tourville, J. A. (2006) · Brain and Language · doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2005.06.001 · Cited by 879 · cited 3× · see citing works
“, 1998) and an additional auditory efference copy is used to predict the possible auditory outcome (Guenther et al., 2006).”
Memory's echo: vivid remembering reactivates sensory-specific cortex
Wheeler, M. E., Petersen, S. E., & Buckner, R. L. (2000) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.97.20.11125 · Cited by 865 · cited 4× · see citing works
“…(e.g., Wheeler et al., 2000; Ishai et al., 2002; Ganis et al., 2004; Mazard et al., 2005; Slotnick et al., 2005) and auditory imagery (e.g., Zatorre et al., 1996; Wheeler et al., 2000; Schürmann et al., 2002; Halpern et al., 2004; Aleman et al., 2005; Bunzeck et al., 2005; Kraemer et al., 2005).”
Influential
Visual speech speeds up the neural processing of auditory speech
van Wassenhove, V., Grant, K. W., & Poeppel, D. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0408949102 · Cited by 843 · cited 2× · see citing works
“…can be induced by visual presentation of a face and that following auditory stimuli can be affected (see Jaaskelainen, 2010 for recent discussion of AV integration models; Sams et al., 1991; van Wassenhove et al., 2005; Von Kriegstein and Giraud, 2006; Skipper et al., 2007; Poeppel et al., 2008).”
The mental representation of hand movements after parietal cortex damage
Sirigu, A., Duhamel, J.-R., Cohen, L., Pillon, B., Dubois, B., & Agid, Y. (1996) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.273.5281.1564 · Cited by 836 · cited 3× · see citing works
“…studies suggest that the time courses for completing motor execution and imagery are comparable (Decety and Michel, 1989; Decety et al., 1989; Sirigu et al., 1995, 1996), under the assumption that the kinesthetic feeling is elicited at a similar latency as the latency of an overt execution…”
The timing of mentally represented actions
Decety, J., Jeannerod, M., & Prablanc, C. (1989) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0166-4328(89)80088-9 · Cited by 791 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Because previous studies suggest that the time courses for completing motor execution and imagery are comparable (Decety and Michel, 1989; Decety et al., 1989; Sirigu et al., 1995, 1996), under the assumption that the kinesthetic feeling is elicited at a similar latency as the latency of an overt execution response, t…”
Brain areas underlying visual mental imagery and visual perception: an fMRI study
Ganis, G., Thompson, W. L., & Kosslyn, S. M. (2004) · Cognitive Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2004.02.012 · Cited by 765 · cited 2× · see citing works
“…et al., 2004) and activity in perception-related cortical areas is observed during visual imagery (e.g., Wheeler et al., 2000; Ishai et al., 2002; Ganis et al., 2004; Mazard et al., 2005; Slotnick et al., 2005) and auditory imagery (e.g., Zatorre et al., 1996; Wheeler et al., 2000; Schürmann et…”
Use of implicit motor imagery for visual shape discrimination as revealed by PET
Parsons, L. M., Fox, P. T., Downs, J. H., Glass, T. G., Hirsch, T. B., Martin, C. C., Jerabek, P. A., & Lancaster, J. L. (1995) · Nature · doi:10.1038/375054a0 · Cited by 716 · cited 2× · see citing works
“www.frontiersin.org October 2010 | Volume 1 | Article 166 | 1 Original research article published: 21 October 2010 doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2010.00166 Mental imagery of speech and movement implicates the dynamics of internal forward models”
Influential
Auditory-motor interaction revealed by fMRI: speech, music, and working memory in area Spt
Hickok, G., Buchsbaum, B., Humphries, C., & Muftuler, T. (2003) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/089892903322307393 · Cited by 700 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Similar results were obtained in fMRI studies in which activity was observed in left Spt (posterior Sylvian fissure at the parietal–temporal boundary) during both hearing and covert rehearsal (Hickok et al., 2003).”
Movement intention after parietal cortex stimulation in humans
Desmurget, M., Reilly, K. T., Richard, N., Szathmari, A., Mottolese, C., & Sirigu, A. (2009) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1169896 · Cited by 695 · cited 7× · see citing works
“…feeling is associated with activity in parietal cortex, which agrees with previous findings suggesting the importance of inferior and posterior parietal cortex during motor imagery in neurological lesion studies (Sirigu et al., 1996) and direct stimulation studies (Desmurget et al., 2009).”
Influential
Functional Properties of Brain Areas Associated With Motor Execution and Imagery
Hanakawa, T., Immisch, I., Toma, K., Dimyan, M. A., van Gelderen, P., & Hallett, M. (2003) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00132.2002 · Cited by 677 · cited 3× · see citing works
“In particular, a parietal–frontal network that mediates motor control is activated during motor imagery (Porro et al., 1996, 2000; Deiber et al., 1998; Lotze et al., 1999; Gerardin et al., 2000; Ehrsson et al., 2003; Hanakawa et al., 2003; Dechent et al., 2004; Meister et al., 2004) and activity in perception-related…”
Lesioning an attractor network: Investigations of acquired dyslexia.
Hinton, G. E., & Shallice, T. (1991) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.98.1.74 · Cited by 656 · see citing works
Imagery of Voluntary Movement of Fingers, Toes, and Tongue Activates Corresponding Body-Part-Specific Motor Representations
Ehrsson, H. H., Geyer, S., & Naito, E. (2003) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.01113.2002 · Cited by 631 · cited 3× · see citing works
“…mediates motor control is activated during motor imagery (Porro et al., 1996, 2000; Deiber et al., 1998; Lotze et al., 1999; Gerardin et al., 2000; Ehrsson et al., 2003; Hanakawa et al., 2003; Dechent et al., 2004; Meister et al., 2004) and activity in perception-related cortical areas is…”
Influential
Conscious thought as simulation of behaviour and perception
Hesslow, G. (2002) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/s1364-6613(02)01913-7 · Cited by 572 · cited 3× · see citing works
“Frontiers in Psychology | Auditory Cognitive Neuroscience October 2010 | Volume 1 | Article 166 | 2 and action internally (Hesslow, 2002) – is supported by multiple lines of evidence.”
A Pathway in Primate Brain for Internal Monitoring of Movements
Sommer, M. A., & Wurtz, R. H. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1069590 · Cited by 565 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Most direct evidence for forward models has been obtained in animal preparations (e.g., Troyer and Doupe, 2000; Sommer and Wurtz, 2002) or patient studies (e.”
Prediction of external events with our motor system: towards a new framework
Schubotz, R. I. (2007) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2007.02.006 · Cited by 550 · see citing works
Influence of the thalamus on spatial visual processing in frontal cortex
Sommer, M. A., & Wurtz, R. H. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05279 · Cited by 520 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…in neuroscience, including in motor control (for reviews see Miall and Wolpert, 1996; Kawato, 1999; Wolpert and Ghahramani, 2000), perception (e.g., Sommer and Wurtz, 2006; for review see Sommer and Wurtz, 2008), and different aspects of cognition (for reviews see Blakemore and Decety, 2001;…”
When is early visual cortex activated during visual mental imagery?
Kosslyn, S. M., & Thompson, W. L. (2003) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.129.5.723 · Cited by 515 · cited 1× · see citing works
“In addition, task demands and content can modulate the neural mechanisms that mediate the mental imagery (Kosslyn and Thompson, 2003; Kraemer et al., 2005), and attentional factors also influence the depth of imagery and perceptual processing in a hierarchical neural architecture (Moscovitch et…”
Brain Circuits for the Internal Monitoring of Movements
Sommer, M. A., & Wurtz, R. H. (2008) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.31.060407.125627 · Cited by 508 · cited 2× · see citing works
“…control (for reviews see Miall and Wolpert, 1996; Kawato, 1999; Wolpert and Ghahramani, 2000), perception (e.g., Sommer and Wurtz, 2006; for review see Sommer and Wurtz, 2008), and different aspects of cognition (for reviews see Blakemore and Decety, 2001; Grush, 2004; Desmurget and Sirigu,…”
Influential
Speech perception at the interface of neurobiology and linguistics
Poeppel, D., Idsardi, W. J., & van Wassenhove, V. (2007) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2007.2160 · Cited by 498 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Cumulatively, the results converge with audio-visual multisensory integration theories positing that an abstract auditory representation (auditory efference copy) can be induced by visual presentation of a face and that following auditory stimuli can be affected (see Jaaskelainen, 2010 for recent discussion of AV inte…”
Where Bottom-up Meets Top-down: Neuronal Interactions during Perception and Imagery
Mechelli, A. (2004) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhh087 · Cited by 480 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Moreover, mental imagery is surely a complex process that must involve distributed neural systems (Mellet et al., 1998; Handy et al., 2004; Mechelli et al., 2004; Sack et al., 2008).”
Speech sound acquisition, coarticulation, and rate effects in a neural network model of speech production.
Guenther, F. H. (1995) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.102.3.594 · Cited by 473 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Guenther and colleagues have proposed an elegant architecture, the Directions Into Velocities of Articulators (DIVA) model, to account for speech production and motor learning in articulation (Guenther, 1995; Guenther et al., 1998, 2006).”
Modulation of the Auditory Cortex during Speech: An MEG Study
Houde, J. F., Nagarajan, S. S., Sekihara, K., & Merzenich, M. M. (2002) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/089892902760807140 · Cited by 458 · cited 3× · see citing works
“, Sabes, 2000) and cognitive neuroscience experiments are providing tantalizing hints (e.g., Salmelin et al., 2000; Houde et al., 2002; van Wassenhove et al., 2005; Skipper et al., 2007).”
Visual mental imagery induces retinotopically organized activation of early visual areas
Slotnick, S. D., Thompson, W. L., & Kosslyn, S. M. (2005) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhi035 · Cited by 458 · cited 2× · see citing works
“…cortical areas is observed during visual imagery (e.g., Wheeler et al., 2000; Ishai et al., 2002; Ganis et al., 2004; Mazard et al., 2005; Slotnick et al., 2005) and auditory imagery (e.g., Zatorre et al., 1996; Wheeler et al., 2000; Schürmann et al., 2002; Halpern et al., 2004; Aleman…”
Hearing in the Mind's Ear: A PET Investigation of Musical Imagery and Perception
Zatorre, R. J., Halpern, A. R., Perry, D. W., Meyer, E., & Evans, A. C. (1996) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.1996.8.1.29 · Cited by 439 · cited 3× · see citing works
“…imagery (e.g., Wheeler et al., 2000; Ishai et al., 2002; Ganis et al., 2004; Mazard et al., 2005; Slotnick et al., 2005) and auditory imagery (e.g., Zatorre et al., 1996; Wheeler et al., 2000; Schürmann et al., 2002; Halpern et al., 2004; Aleman et al., 2005; Bunzeck et al., 2005; Kraemer et al.,…”
A theoretical investigation of reference frames for the planning of speech movements.
Guenther, F. H., Hampson, M., & Johnson, D. (1998) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.105.4.611-633 · Cited by 424 · cited 3× · see citing works
“In their model, an efference copy of a motor command is used to constrain further motor preparation (Guenther et al., 1998) and an additional auditory efference copy is used to predict the possible auditory outcome (Guenther et al.”
Mental Concerts: Musical Imagery and Auditory Cortex
Zatorre, R. J., & Halpern, A. R. (2005) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2005.06.013 · Cited by 420 · cited 1× · see citing works
“High spatial resolution techniques, such as fMRI, are needed to assess this question (Zatorre and Halpern, 2005).”
A parietal-premotor network for movement intention and motor awareness
Desmurget, M., & Sirigu, A. (2009) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2009.08.001 · Cited by 370 · cited 6× · see citing works
“…control (for reviews see Miall and Wolpert, 1996; Kawato, 1999; Wolpert and Ghahramani, 2000), perception (e.g., Sommer and Wurtz, 2006; for review see Sommer and Wurtz, 2008), and different aspects of cognition (for reviews see Blakemore and Decety, 2001; Grush, 2004; Desmurget and Sirigu, 2009).”
Influential
Hearing Lips and Seeing Voices: How Cortical Areas Supporting Speech Production Mediate Audiovisual Speech Perception
Skipper, J. I., van Wassenhove, V., Nusbaum, H. C., & Small, S. L. (2007) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhl147 · Cited by 368 · cited 3× · see citing works
“…can be induced by visual presentation of a face and that following auditory stimuli can be affected (see Jaaskelainen, 2010 for recent discussion of AV integration models; Sams et al., 1991; van Wassenhove et al., 2005; Von Kriegstein and Giraud, 2006; Skipper et al., 2007; Poeppel et al., 2008).”
Influential
Return of the mental image: are there really pictures in the brain?
Pylyshyn, Z. W. (2003) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/s1364-6613(03)00003-2 · Cited by 355 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Mental imagery is a widely investigated aspect of cognition, and research on this topic has provided important insights into the nature of mental representation and has provoked significant debate in psychology and the cognitive sciences (Pylyshyn, 1981, 2003; Kosslyn, 1994; Kosslyn et al., 2001).”
Comparative analysis of actual and mental movement times in two graphic tasks
Decety, J., & Michel, F. (1989) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/0278-2626(89)90007-9 · Cited by 341 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Because previous studies suggest that the time courses for completing motor execution and imagery are comparable (Decety and Michel, 1989; Decety et al., 1989; Sirigu et al., 1995, 1996), under the assumption that the kinesthetic feeling is elicited at a similar latency as the latency of an overt execution response, t…”
Visual Imagery of Famous Faces: Effects of Memory and Attention Revealed by fMRI
Ishai, A. (2002) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.2002.1330 · Cited by 331 · cited 2× · see citing works
“, 2004) and activity in perception-related cortical areas is observed during visual imagery (e.g., Wheeler et al., 2000; Ishai et al., 2002; Ganis et al., 2004; Mazard et al., 2005; Slotnick et al., 2005) and auditory imagery (e.”
Implicit multisensory associations influence voice recognition
von Kriegstein, K., & Giraud, A.-L. (2006) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0040326 · Cited by 309 · cited 3× · see citing works
“Cumulatively, the results converge with audio-visual multisensory integration theories positing that an abstract auditory representation (auditory efference copy) can be induced by visual presentation of a face and that following auditory stimuli can be affected (see Jaaskelainen, 2010 for recent discussion of AV inte…”
Cerebral Processes Related to Visuomotor Imagery and Generation of Simple Finger Movements Studied with Positron Emission Tomography
Deiber, M.-P., Ibañez, V., Honda, M., Sadato, N., Raman, R., & Hallett, M. (1998) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.1997.0314 · Cited by 304 · cited 3× · see citing works
“In particular, a parietal–frontal network that mediates motor control is activated during motor imagery (Porro et al., 1996, 2000; Deiber et al., 1998; Lotze et al., 1999; Gerardin et al., 2000; Ehrsson et al., 2003; Hanakawa et al., 2003; Dechent et al., 2004; Meister et al., 2004) and activity in…”
Influential
Playing piano in the mind—an fMRI study on music imagery and performance in pianists
Meister, I. G., Krings, T., Foltys, H., Boroojerdi, B., Müller, M., Töpper, R., & Thron, A. K. (2004) · Cognitive Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2003.12.005 · Cited by 302 · cited 3× · see citing works
“In particular, a parietal–frontal network that mediates motor control is activated during motor imagery (Porro et al., 1996, 2000; Deiber et al., 1998; Lotze et al., 1999; Gerardin et al., 2000; Ehrsson et al., 2003; Hanakawa et al., 2003; Dechent et al., 2004; Meister et al., 2004) and activity in perception-related…”
Single word reading in developmental stutterers and fluent speakers
Salmelin, R., Schnitzler, A., Schmitz, F., & Freund, H.-J. (2000) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/123.6.1184 · Cited by 283 · cited 3× · see citing works
“Dipole fitting was performed following a common procedure (Lounasmaa et al., 1996; Salmelin et al., 2000; Vihla et al., 2006; Hultén et al., 2008) using MEG160 software (MEG Laboratory 2.001M, Yokogawa Corporation, Eagle Technology Corporation, Kanazawa Institute of Technology).”
Behavioral and neural correlates of perceived and imagined musical timbre
Halpern, A. R., Zatorre, R. J., Bouffard, M. A., & Johnson, J. A. (2004) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2003.12.017 · Cited by 282 · cited 3× · see citing works
“…(e.g., Wheeler et al., 2000; Ishai et al., 2002; Ganis et al., 2004; Mazard et al., 2005; Slotnick et al., 2005) and auditory imagery (e.g., Zatorre et al., 1996; Wheeler et al., 2000; Schürmann et al., 2002; Halpern et al., 2004; Aleman et al., 2005; Bunzeck et al., 2005; Kraemer et al., 2005).”
Congruent unilateral impairments for real and imagined hand movements
Sirigu, A., Cohen, L., Duhamel, J. R., Pillon, B., Dubois, B., Agid, Y., & Pierrot-Deseilligny, C. (1995) · NeuroReport · doi:10.1097/00001756-199505090-00012 · Cited by 281 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…studies suggest that the time courses for completing motor execution and imagery are comparable (Decety and Michel, 1989; Decety et al., 1989; Sirigu et al., 1995, 1996), under the assumption that the kinesthetic feeling is elicited at a similar latency as the latency of an overt execution…”
Sound of silence activates auditory cortex
Kraemer, D. J. M., Macrae, C. N., Green, A. E., & Kelley, W. M. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/434158a · Cited by 278 · cited 3× · see citing works
“…(e.g., Wheeler et al., 2000; Ishai et al., 2002; Ganis et al., 2004; Mazard et al., 2005; Slotnick et al., 2005) and auditory imagery (e.g., Zatorre et al., 1996; Wheeler et al., 2000; Schürmann et al., 2002; Halpern et al., 2004; Aleman et al., 2005; Bunzeck et al., 2005; Kraemer et al., 2005).”
Is the human primary motor cortex involved in motor imagery?
Dechent, P., Merboldt, K., & Frahm, J. (2004) · Cognitive Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2003.11.012 · Cited by 270 · cited 3× · see citing works
“…motor imagery (Porro et al., 1996, 2000; Deiber et al., 1998; Lotze et al., 1999; Gerardin et al., 2000; Ehrsson et al., 2003; Hanakawa et al., 2003; Dechent et al., 2004; Meister et al., 2004) and activity in perception-related cortical areas is observed during visual imagery (e.g., Wheeler et…”
Influential
The neural basis of hallucinations and delusions
Frith, C. (2004) · Comptes Rendus. Biologies · doi:10.1016/j.crvi.2004.10.012 · Cited by 248 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Moreover, the results align well with a model that accounts for auditory verbal hallucinations in schizophrenia patients (for review see Frith, 2005): auditory verbal hallucinations are explained as the results of erroneous interpretations of self-generated vocalizations.”
Motor imagery: never in your wildest dream
Crammond, D. J. (1997) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(96)30019-2 · Cited by 243 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Several studies (Snyder et al., 1997; Thoenissen et al., 2002; Desmurget et al., 2009) suggest that motor intention is mediated by the posterior parietal cortex (for reviews see Crammond, 1997; Andersen and Buneo, 2002).”
Visual imagery and visual representation
Roland, P. E., & Gulyás, B. Z. (1994) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/0166-2236(94)90057-4 · Cited by 240 · cited 2× · see citing works
“…the mental imagery (Kosslyn and Thompson, 2003; Kraemer et al., 2005), and attentional factors also influence the depth of imagery and perceptual processing in a hierarchical neural architecture (Moscovitch et al., 1994; Roland and Gulyas, 1994; Sakai and Miyashita, 1994; Mellet et al., 1998).”
Reopening the Mental Imagery Debate: Lessons from Functional Anatomy
Mellet, E., Petit, L., Mazoyer, B., Denis, M., & Tzourio, N. (1998) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.1998.0355 · Cited by 237 · cited 3× · see citing works
“…the mental imagery (Kosslyn and Thompson, 2003; Kraemer et al., 2005), and attentional factors also influence the depth of imagery and perceptual processing in a hierarchical neural architecture (Moscovitch et al., 1994; Roland and Gulyas, 1994; Sakai and Miyashita, 1994; Mellet et al., 1998).”
Denoising based on time-shift PCA
Alain De Cheveigné, A., & Simon, J. Z. (2007) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2007.06.003 · Cited by 215 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Raw data were noise-reduced offline using the time-shifted PCA method (de Cheveigné and Simon, 2007).”
Image and Brain: The Resolution of the Imagery Debate
Kosslyn, S. (1995) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.1995.7.3.415 · Cited by 210 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Mental imagery is a widely investigated aspect of cognition, and research on this topic has provided important insights into the nature of mental representation and has provoked significant debate in psychology and the cognitive sciences (Pylyshyn, 1981, 2003; Kosslyn, 1994; Kosslyn et al., 2001).”
Differential Involvement of Parietal and Precentral Regions in Movement Preparation and Motor Intention
Thoenissen, D., Zilles, K., & Toni, I. (2002) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.22-20-09024.2002 · Cited by 204 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Several studies (Snyder et al., 1997; Thoenissen et al., 2002; Desmurget et al., 2009) suggest that motor intention is mediated by the posterior parietal cortex (for reviews see Crammond, 1997; Andersen and Buneo, 2002).”
The planning and control of reaching movements
Sabes, P. (2000) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0959-4388(00)00149-5 · Cited by 190 · cited 2× · see citing works
“www.frontiersin.org October 2010 | Volume 1 | Article 166 | 1 Original research article published: 21 October 2010 doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2010.00166 Mental imagery of speech and movement implicates the dynamics of internal forward models”
Influential
Ipsilateral involvement of primary motor cortex during motor imagery
Porro, C. A., Cettolo, V., Francescato, M. P., & Baraldi, P. (2000) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1046/j.1460-9568.2000.00182.x · Cited by 176 · cited 2× · see citing works
“In particular, a parietal–frontal network that mediates motor control is activated during motor imagery (Porro et al., 1996, 2000; Deiber et al., 1998; Lotze et al., 1999; Gerardin et al., 2000; Ehrsson et al., 2003; Hanakawa et al., 2003; Dechent et al., 2004; Meister et al., 2004) and activity in…”
Influential
Scanning silence: Mental imagery of complex sounds
Bunzeck, N., Wüstenberg, T., Lutz, K., Heinze, H., & Jäncke, L. (2005) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.03.013 · Cited by 167 · cited 3× · see citing works
“…(e.g., Wheeler et al., 2000; Ishai et al., 2002; Ganis et al., 2004; Mazard et al., 2005; Slotnick et al., 2005) and auditory imagery (e.g., Zatorre et al., 1996; Wheeler et al., 2000; Schürmann et al., 2002; Halpern et al., 2004; Aleman et al., 2005; Bunzeck et al., 2005; Kraemer et al., 2005).”
Subject's own speech reduces reactivity of the human auditory cortex
Numminen, J., Salmelin, R., & Hari, R. (1999) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(99)00218-9 · Cited by 163 · cited 1× · see citing works
“For example, overt speech usually has dampening effects on simultaneously presented auditory stimuli (Numminen et al., 1999; Curio et al., 2000; Houde et al., 2002), and such speaking-induced response suppression has been argued to point to auditory efference copies.”
Latency of the Auditory Evoked Neuromagnetic Field Components: Stimulus Dependence and Insights Toward Perception
Roberts, T. P. L., Ferrari, P., Stufflebeam, S. M., & Poeppel, D. (2000) · Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1097/00004691-200003000-00002 · Cited by 156 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The auditory M100 is a prominent and robust response, observed around 100 ms after auditory stimulus onset and has been a widely investigated auditory MEG response (for review see Roberts et al., 2000).”
Mental Reversal of Imagined Melodies: A Role for the Posterior Parietal Cortex
Zatorre, R. J., Halpern, A. R., & Bouffard, M. A. (2009) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.2009.21239 · Cited by 150 · cited 2× · see citing works
“…perception (Experiments 3–5) agrees with findings that similar neural substrates mediate auditory perception and imagery in fMRI studies (Zatorre et al., 1996; Wheeler et al., 2000; Schürmann et al., 2002; Halpern et al., 2004; Aleman et al., 2005; Bunzeck et al., 2005; Zatorre et al., 2009).”
Mapping the involvement of BA 4a and 4p during Motor Imagery
Sharma, N., Jones, P. S., Carpenter, T. A., & Baron, J. (2008) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.02.009 · Cited by 142 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The finger motor representation in Brodmann area 4a is located at [−46, −16, 51] in Talairach coordinates (Talairach and Tournoux, 1988), defined by the cytoarchitectonic maximum probabilistic map using in fMRI (Eickhoff et al., 2005; Sharma et al., 2008).”
Movement Intention Is Better Predicted than Attention in the Posterior Parietal Cortex
Quiroga, R. Q., Snyder, L. H., Batista, A. P., Cui, H., & Andersen, R. A. (2006) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3468-05.2006 · Cited by 139 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Our results demonstrate that neural activity in parietal cortex was observed prior to both execution and imagery responses, which is in agreement with motor intention studies (Snyder et al., 1997; Quiroga, 2006; Desmurget et al., 2009).”
Cortical responsiveness during talking and listening in schizophrenia: an event-related brain potential study
Ford, J. M., Mathalon, D. H., Kalba, S., Whitfield‐Gabrieli, S., Faustman, W. O., & Roth, W. T. (2001) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(01)01166-0 · Cited by 135 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Indeed, Ford and colleagues found that the suppression of N1 responses to auditory stimuli during speaking and inner speech was absent in schizophrenia patients (Ford et al., 2001a,b, 2007).”
The functional neuroanatomy of metrical stress evaluation of perceived and imagined spoken words
Aleman, A. (2004) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhh124 · Cited by 119 · cited 3× · see citing works
“…(e.g., Wheeler et al., 2000; Ishai et al., 2002; Ganis et al., 2004; Mazard et al., 2005; Slotnick et al., 2005) and auditory imagery (e.g., Zatorre et al., 1996; Wheeler et al., 2000; Schürmann et al., 2002; Halpern et al., 2004; Aleman et al., 2005; Bunzeck et al., 2005; Kraemer et al., 2005).”
Influential
Speech target modulates speaking induced suppression in auditory cortex
Ventura, M. I., Nagarajan, S. S., & Houde, J. F. (2009) · BMC Neuroscience · doi:10.1186/1471-2202-10-58 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Auditory–Motor Interaction Revealed by fMRI: Speech, Music, and Working Memory in Area Spt
Hickok, G. S., Buchsbaum, B. R., Humphries, C., et al. (2003) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.2003.15.5.673 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Selective deficit of mental visual imagery with intact primary visual cortex and visual perception
Moro, V., Berlucchi, G., Lerch, J., Tomaiuolo, F., & Aglioti, S. M. (2008) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2006.06.004 · Cited by 102 · cited 1× · see citing works
“In fact, neurological evidence suggests that intact perceptual cortex is not sufficient for mental imagery (Moro et al., 2008).”
Cortical dynamics of visual/semantic vs. phonological analysis in picture confrontation
Vihla, M., Laine, M., & Salmelin, R. H. (2006) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.06.040 · Cited by 98 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Dipole fitting was performed following a common procedure (Lounasmaa et al., 1996; Salmelin et al., 2000; Vihla et al., 2006; Hultén et al., 2008) using MEG160 software (MEG Laboratory 2.001M, Yokogawa Corporation, Eagle Technology Corporation, Kanazawa Institute of Technology).”
Cortical Responsiveness During Inner Speech in Schizophrenia: An Event-Related Potential Study
Ford, J. M., Mathalon, D. H., Kalba, S., Whitfield‐Gabrieli, S., Faustman, W. O., & Roth, W. T. (2001) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.158.11.1914 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Accessing newly learned names and meanings in the native language
Hultén, A., Vihla, M., Laine, M., et al. (2008) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.20561 · Cited by 73 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Dipole fitting was performed following a common procedure (Lounasmaa et al., 1996; Salmelin et al., 2000; Vihla et al., 2006; Hultén et al., 2008) using MEG160 software (MEG Laboratory 2.001M, Yokogawa Corporation, Eagle Technology Corporation, Kanazawa Institute of Technology).”
Dynamic Premotor-to-Parietal Interactions during Spatial Imagery
Sack, A. T., Jacobs, C., Martino, F. D., Staeren, N., Goebel, R., & Formisano, E. (2008) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2656-08.2008 · Cited by 73 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Moreover, mental imagery is surely a complex process that must involve distributed neural systems (Mellet et al., 1998; Handy et al., 2004; Mechelli et al., 2004; Sack et al., 2008).”
Unification of sentence processing via ear and eye: An fMRI study
Braze, D., Mencl, W. E., Tabor, W., Pugh, K. R., Todd Constable, R., Fulbright, R. K., Magnuson, J. S., Van Dyke, J. A., & Shankweiler, D. P. (2011) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2009.11.005 · Cited by 69 · cited 13× · see citing works
“Frontiers in Psychology | Auditory Cognitive Neuroscience October 2010 | Volume 1 | Article 166 | 18 suPPleMentary MaterIal 250 -250 0 5000 15001000 M ag ne tic fi el d (fT ) Time (ms) 250 -250 0 5000 1000 1500 Motor execution Motor imagery Aud.”
Influential
Mind's Ear in a Musician: Where and When in the Brain
Schürmann, M., Raij, T., Fujiki, N., & Hari, R. (2002) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.2002.1098 · Cited by 67 · cited 3× · see citing works
“…(e.g., Wheeler et al., 2000; Ishai et al., 2002; Ganis et al., 2004; Mazard et al., 2005; Slotnick et al., 2005) and auditory imagery (e.g., Zatorre et al., 1996; Wheeler et al., 2000; Schürmann et al., 2002; Halpern et al., 2004; Aleman et al., 2005; Bunzeck et al., 2005; Kraemer et al., 2005).”
Visual imagery: an interaction between memory retrieval and focal attention
Sakai, K., & Miyashita, Y. (1994) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/0166-2236(94)90058-2 · Cited by 63 · cited 2× · see citing works
“…the mental imagery (Kosslyn and Thompson, 2003; Kraemer et al., 2005), and attentional factors also influence the depth of imagery and perceptual processing in a hierarchical neural architecture (Moscovitch et al., 1994; Roland and Gulyas, 1994; Sakai and Miyashita, 1994; Mellet et al., 1998).”
Speech perception at the interface of neurobiology and linguistics
Poeppel, D., William J Idsardi, & van Wassenhove, V. (2009) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780199561315.003.0011 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Do PETS have long or short ears? Mental imagery and neuroimaging
MOSCOVITCH, M., BEHRMANN, M., & WINOCUR, G. (1994) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/0166-2236(94)90060-4 · Cited by 49 · cited 2× · see citing works
“…the mental imagery (Kosslyn and Thompson, 2003; Kraemer et al., 2005), and attentional factors also influence the depth of imagery and perceptual processing in a hierarchical neural architecture (Moscovitch et al., 1994; Roland and Gulyas, 1994; Sakai and Miyashita, 1994; Mellet et al., 1998).”
Neural impact of the semantic content of visual mental images and visual percepts
Mazard, A., Laou, L., Joliot, M., & Mellet, E. (2005) · Cognitive Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2005.02.018 · Cited by 47 · cited 2× · see citing works
“, 2004) and activity in perception-related cortical areas is observed during visual imagery (e.g., Wheeler et al., 2000; Ishai et al., 2002; Ganis et al., 2004; Mazard et al., 2005; Slotnick et al., 2005) and auditory imagery (e.”
Lipreading and Covert Speech Production Similarly Modulate Human Auditory-Cortex Responses to Pure Tones
Kauramäki, J., Jääskeläinen, I. P., Hari, R., Möttönen, R., Rauschecker, J. P., & Sams, M. (2010) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1950-09.2010 · Cited by 47 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Recently, it has been demonstrated that the tasks of lipreading and covert speech can induce a similar suppression of the auditory responses to pure tones (Kauramaki et al., 2010).”
The dynamics of integration and separation: ERP, MEG, and neural network studies of immediate repetition effects.
Huber, D. E., Tian, X., Curran, T., O'Reilly, R. C., & Woroch, B. (2008) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance · doi:10.1037/a0013625 · Cited by 36 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Notice that the between angle measure remained at a relatively high level 100 ms after the intention responses latency.”
Self-citation
Measures of Spatial Similarity and Response Magnitude in MEG and Scalp EEG
Tian, X., & Huber, D. E. (2008) · Brain Topography · doi:10.1007/s10548-007-0040-3 · Cited by 30 · cited 3× · see citing works
“The cosine value of this angle, which can be calculated from the dot product of two response vectors (Tian and Huber, 2008) is the angle measure between two topographic patterns (between angle measure), where 1 stands for exact match (angle equals 0) and −1 stands for opposite (angle equals π).”
Self-citation
Visual imagery and memory: Do retrieval strategies affect what the mind's eye sees?
Handy, T., Miller, M., Schott, B., Shroff, N., Janata, P., Van Horn, J., Inati, S., Grafton, S., & Gazzaniga, M. (2004) · European Journal of Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1080/09541440340000457 · Cited by 24 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Moreover, mental imagery is surely a complex process that must involve distributed neural systems (Mellet et al., 1998; Handy et al., 2004; Mechelli et al., 2004; Sack et al., 2008).”
The Role of Speech Production System in Audiovisual Speech Perception
Jääskeläinen, I. P. (2010) · The Open Neuroimaging Journal · doi:10.2174/1874440001004020030 · Cited by 15 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…representation (auditory efference copy) can be induced by visual presentation of a face and that following auditory stimuli can be affected (see Jaaskelainen, 2010 for recent discussion of AV integration models; Sams et al., 1991; van Wassenhove et al., 2005; Von Kriegstein and Giraud, 2006;…”
Dynamic cortical imaging of speech compensation for auditory feedback perturbations
Houde, J., Nagarajan, S., & Heinks-Maldonado, T. (2007) · The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · doi:10.1121/1.4781744 · Cited by 7 · cited 6× · see citing works
“Ventura, M., Nagarajan, S., and Houde, J. (2009).”
Influential
Untitled work
Curio (2000) · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0193(200004)9:4

Flagged first, then by citations

17 of the 119 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Sorted by citations

An integrated theory of language production and comprehension
Pickering, M. J., & Garrod, S. (2013) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x12001495 · Cited by 1,569 · see citing works
Computational neuroanatomy of speech production
Hickok, G. (2012) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3158 · Cited by 837 · see citing works
Inner Speech: Development, Cognitive Functions, Phenomenology, and Neurobiology
Alderson-Day, B., & Fernyhough, C. (2015) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000021 · Cited by 808 · see citing works
Finding the beat: a neural perspective across humans and non-human primates
Merchant, H., Grahn, J. A., Trainor, L. J., Rohrmeier, M., & Fitch, W. T. (2015) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2014.0093 · Cited by 389 · see citing works
Delta–Beta Coupled Oscillations Underlie Temporal Prediction Accuracy
Arnal, L. H., Doelling, K. B., & Poeppel, D. (2014) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhu103 · Cited by 361 · see citing works
Machine translation of cortical activity to text with an encoder–decoder framework
Makin, J. G., Moses, D. A., & Chang, E. F. (2020) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-020-0608-8 · Cited by 321 · see citing works
Motor imagery involves predicting the sensory consequences of the imagined movement
Kilteni, K., Andersson, B. J., Houborg, C., & Ehrsson, H. H. (2018) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-018-03989-0 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
“Only a significant main effect of reference force level was detected (F(4,44)= 208.”
Proactive Sensing of Periodic and Aperiodic Auditory Patterns
Rimmele, J. M., Morillon, B., Poeppel, D., & Arnal, L. H. (2018) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2018.08.003 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
The dorsal stream contribution to phonological retrieval in object naming
Schwartz, M. F., Faseyitan, O. K., Kim, J., & Coslett, H. B. (2012) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/aws300 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Towards reconstructing intelligible speech from the human auditory cortex
Akbari, H., Khalighinejad, B., Herrero, J. L., Mehta, A. D., & Mesgarani, N. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-37359-z · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Imagined speech can be decoded from low- and cross-frequency intracranial EEG features
Proix, T., Delgado Saa, J., Christen, A., Martin, S., Pasley, B. N., Knight, R. T., Tian, X., Poeppel, D., Doyle, W. K., Devinsky, O., et al. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-27725-3 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Self-citation
Mental imagery in music performance: underlying mechanisms and potential benefits
Keller, P. E. (2012) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06439.x · Cited by 210 · see citing works
The architecture of speech production and the role of the phoneme in speech processing
Hickok, G. S. (2013) · Language Cognition and Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/01690965.2013.834370 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Mental imagery of speech implicates two mechanisms of perceptual reactivation.
Tian, X., Zarate, J. M., & Poeppel, D. (2016) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2016.01.002 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Self-citation
The effect of imagination on stimulation: the functional specificity of efference copies in speech processing
Tian, X., & Poeppel, D. (2013) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00381 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Self-citation
The cortical dynamics of speaking: present shortcomings and future avenues
Strijkers, K., & Costa, A. (2016) · Language Cognition and Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/23273798.2015.1120878 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Mental imagery of speech: linking motor and perceptual systems through internal simulation and estimation.
Tian, X., & Poeppel, D. (2012) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2012.00314 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Self-citation
Decoding Covert Speech From EEG-A Comprehensive Review
Panachakel, J. T., & Ramakrishnan, A. G. (2021) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2021.642251 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Does Motor Simulation Theory Explain the Cognitive Mechanisms Underlying Motor Imagery? A Critical Review
O’Shea, H., & Moran, A. P. (2017) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2017.00072 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Monitoring and Control in Language Production
Nozari, N., & Novick, J. M. (2017) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0963721417702419 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Predicting language: MEG evidence for lexical preactivation
Dikker, S., & Liina Pylkkänen, A. (2012) · Brain and Language · doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2012.08.004 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Generating Natural, Intelligible Speech From Brain Activity in Motor, Premotor, and Inferior Frontal Cortices
Herff, C., Diener, L., Angrick, M., Mugler, E., Tate, M. C., Goldrick, M. A., Krusienski, D. J., Slutzky, M. W., & Schultz, T. (2019) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2019.01267 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Predicting “When” Using the Motor System’s Beta-Band Oscillations
Arnal, L. H. (2012) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2012.00225 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Conflict monitoring in speech processing: An fMRI study of error detection in speech production and perception
Gauvin, H. S., Baene, W. D., Braß, M., & Hartsuiker, R. J. (2015) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.11.037 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
The cortical computations underlying feedback control in vocal production
Houde, J. F., & Chang, E. F. (2015) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2015.04.006 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
The Potential for a Speech Brain–Computer Interface Using Chronic Electrocorticography
Rabbani, Q., Milsap, G., & Crone, N. E. (2019) · Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1007/s13311-018-00692-2 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
How Movement Modulates Hearing
Schneider, D. M., & MOONEY, R. D. (2018) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev-neuro-072116-031215 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Training the Motor Cortex by Observing the Actions of Others During Immobilization
Bassolino, M., Campanella, M., Bove, M., Pozzo, T., & Fadiga, L. (2013) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bht190 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Brain-Computer Interface: Applications to Speech Decoding and Synthesis to Augment Communication
Luo, S., Rabbani, Q., & Crone, N. E. (2022) · Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1007/s13311-022-01190-2 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Neurophysiological evidence of efference copies to inner speech
Whitford, T. J., Jack, B. N., Pearson, D., Griffiths, O., Luque, D., Harris, A. W., Spencer, K. M., & Le Pelley, M. E. (2017) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.28197 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
“A critical feature of the IFM associated with overt speech is that the efference copy is (a) time-locked to the onset of the action, and (b) contains specific predictions as to the expected sensory consequences of that action (i.e., is contentspecific – Wolpert et al., 1995).”
Influential
Experience-Dependent Modulation of Feedback Integration during Singing: Role of the Right Anterior Insula
Kleber, B., Zeitouni, A. G., Friberg, A., & Zatorre, R. J. (2013) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4418-12.2013 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
On the cortical dynamics of word production: a review of the MEG evidence
Munding, D., Dubarry, A., & Alario, F. ‐. (2015) · Language Cognition and Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/23273798.2015.1071857 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
The ConDialInt Model: Condensation, Dialogality, and Intentionality Dimensions of Inner Speech Within a Hierarchical Predictive Control Framework
Grandchamp, R., Rapin, L., Perrone-Bertolotti, M., Pichat, C., Haldin, C., Cousin, E., Lachaux, J.-P., Dohen, M., Perrier, P., Garnier, M., et al. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02019 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
A sensorimotor view of verbal working memory
Buchsbaum, B. R., & D’Esposito, M. (2018) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2018.11.010 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
The cerebellum, internal models and prediction in ‘non-motor’ aspects of language: A critical review
Argyropoulos, G. P. D. (2015) · Brain and Language · doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2015.08.003 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
A generative model of speech production in Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas
Price, C. J. (2011) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00237 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Neural speech recognition: continuous phoneme decoding using spatiotemporal representations of human cortical activity
Moses, D. A., Mesgarani, N., Leonard, M. K., & Chang, E. F. (2016) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2560/13/5/056004 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Corollary Discharge Provides the Sensory Content of Inner Speech
Scott, M. (2013) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797613478614 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Role of the auditory system in speech production
Guenther, F. H., & Hickok, G. S. (2015) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-62630-1.00009-3 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Temporal dynamics of sensorimotor integration in speech perception and production: independent component analysis of EEG data
Jenson, D. E., Bowers, A. L., Harkrider, A. W., Thornton, D. M., Cuellar, M. E., & Saltuklaroglu, T. (2014) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00656 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Speech perception under adverse conditions: insights from behavioral, computational, and neuroscience research
Guediche, S., Blumstein, S. E., Fiez, J. A., & Holt, L. L. (2014) · Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnsys.2013.00126 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Modeling the Role of Sensory Feedback in Speech Motor Control and Learning
Parrell, B., & Houde, J. (2019) · Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2019_jslhr-s-csmc7-18-0127 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Current models of speech motor control: A control-theoretic overview of architectures and properties
Parrell, B., Lammert, A. C., Ciccarelli, G. A., & Quatieri, T. F. (2019) · The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · doi:10.1121/1.5092807 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Dynamics of self-monitoring and error detection in speech production: evidence from mental imagery and MEG
Tian, X., & Poeppel, D. (2015) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00692 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
“We used articulation imagery (imagine speaking without moving any articulators or making any sound), which has been modeled as a prediction process (via the internal simulation and estimation mechanism) without overt output overlaps (Tian & Poeppel, 2010, 2012; Grush, 2004).”
Self-citation
Kinesthetic imagery of musical performance
Lotze, M. (2013) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00280 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Spatio-Temporal Progression of Cortical Activity Related to Continuous Overt and Covert Speech Production in a Reading Task
Brumberg, J. S., Krusienski, D. J., Chakrabarti, S., Gunduz, A., Brunner, P., Ritaccio, A. L., & Schalk, G. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0166872 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Experience-dependent modulation of right anterior insula and sensorimotor regions as a function of noise-masked auditory feedback in singers and nonsingers
Kleber, B., Friberg, A., Zeitouni, A. G., & Zatorre, R. J. (2016) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.11.059 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
The Causes and Contents of Inner Speech
Carruthers, P. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198796640.003.0002 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
The Application of EEG Mu Rhythm Measures to Neurophysiological Research in Stuttering
Jenson, D. E., Bowers, A. L., Hudock, D., & Saltuklaroglu, T. (2020) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2019.00458 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Motor simulation theories of musical beat perception
Ross, J. M., Iversen, J. R., & Balasubramaniam, R. (2016) · Neurocase · doi:10.1080/13554794.2016.1242756 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Inner speech captures the perception of external speech
Scott, M., Yeung, H. H., Gick, B., & Werker, J. F. (2013) · The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · doi:10.1121/1.4794932 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Direct-Sense Brain–Computer Interfaces and Wearable Computers
Lin, C., & Do, T. (2020) · IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Systems · doi:10.1109/tsmc.2020.3041382 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
From blueprints to brain maps: the status of the Lemma Model in cognitive neuroscience
Kemmerer, D. L. (2018) · Language Cognition and Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/23273798.2018.1537498 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Inner speech is accompanied by a temporally-precise and content-specific corollary discharge
Jack, B. N., Le Pelley, M. E., Han, N., Harris, A. W. F., Spencer, K. M., & Whitford, T. J. (2019) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.04.038 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Speaking-Induced Suppression of the Auditory Cortex in Humans and Its Relevance to Schizophrenia
Whitford, T. J. (2019) · Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2019.05.011 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
A Cognitive Architecture for the Coordination of Utterances
Gambi, C., & Pickering, M. J. (2011) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00275 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
“In an MEG study, Tian and Poeppel (2010) demonstrated that auditory cortex is activated very quickly (around 170 ms) when participants are asked to imagine themselves articulating a syllable.”
A neuronal retuning hypothesis of sentence-specificity in Broca’s area
Matchin, W. (2017) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/s13423-017-1377-6 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Converging toward a common speech code: imitative and perceptuo-motor recalibration processes in speech production
Sato, M., Grabski, K., Garnier, M., Granjon, L., Schwartz, J., & Nguyen, N. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00422 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
“…in which predicted sensory consequences of the speech-motor act are compared with actual sensory input in order to further control production (Guenther, 2006; Tian and Poeppel, 2010; Hickok et al., 2011; Houde and Nagarajan, 2011; Price et al., 2011; Guenther and Vladusich, 2012; Hickok, 2012).”
Working memory and auditory imagery predict sensorimotor synchronisation with expressively timed music
Colley, I. D., Keller, P. E., & Halpern, A. R. (2017) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1080/17470218.2017.1366531 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Imagined speech influences perceived loudness of sound
Tian, X., Ding, N., Teng, X., Bai, F., & Poeppel, D. (2018) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-018-0305-8 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Self-citation
The nested hierarchy of overt, mouthed, and imagined speech activity evident in intracranial recordings
Soroush, P. Z., Herff, C., Ries, S. K., Shih, J. J., Schultz, T., & Krusienski, D. J. (2023) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.119913 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Inner speech
Langland‐Hassan, P. (2020) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Cognitive Science · doi:10.1002/wcs.1544 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Evidence for Cerebellar Contributions to Adaptive Plasticity in Speech Perception
Guediche, S., Holt, L. L., Laurent, P. A., Lim, S.-J., & Fiez, J. A. (2014) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bht428 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Visual Feedback of Tongue Movement for Novel Speech Sound Learning
Katz, W. F., & Mehta, S. (2015) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2015.00612 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Towards a New Model of Verbal Monitoring
Gauvin, H. S., & Hartsuiker, R. J. (2020) · Journal of Cognition · doi:10.5334/joc.81 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
The Music of Silence. Part I: Responses to Musical Imagery Encode Melodic Expectations and Acoustics
Marion, G., Liberto, G. M. D., & Shamma, S. (2021) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0183-21.2021 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Speech Perception from a Neurophysiological Perspective
Giraud, A., & Poeppel, D. (2012) · Springer handbook of auditory research · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-2314-0_9 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Prediction and imitation in speech
Gambi, C., & Pickering, M. J. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00340 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Self-, other-, and joint monitoring using forward models
Pickering, M. J., & Garrod, S. (2014) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2014.00132 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Synchronization between overt speech envelope and EEG oscillations during imagined speech
Watanabe, H., Tanaka, H., Sakti, S., & Nakamura, S. (2019) · Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1016/j.neures.2019.04.004 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Towards reconstructing intelligible speech from the human auditory cortexPreprint
Akbari, H., Khalighinejad, B., Herrero, J. L., Mehta, A. D., & Mesgarani, N. (2018) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/350124 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Neural Models of Motor Speech Control
Guenther, F. H., & Hickok, G. S. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-407794-2.00058-4 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Auditory cortical deactivation during speech production and following speech perception: an EEG investigation of the temporal dynamics of the auditory alpha rhythm
Jenson, D. E., Harkrider, A. W., Thornton, D. M., Bowers, A. L., & Saltuklaroglu, T. (2015) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2015.00534 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Two distinct auditory-motor circuits for monitoring speech production as revealed by content-specific suppression of auditory cortex
Ylinen, S., Nora, A., Leminen, A., Hakala, T., Huotilainen, M., Shtyrov, Y., Mäkelä, J. P., & Service, E. (2015) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bht351 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Modulations of the auditory M100 in an imitation task
Franken, M. K., Peter Hagoort, A., & Acheson, D. J. (2015) · Brain and Language · doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2015.01.001 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
The a-map model: Articulatory reliability in child-specific phonology
Byun, T. M., Inkelas, S., & Rose, Y. (2016) · Language · doi:10.1353/lan.2016.0000 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Non-fluent speech following stroke is caused by impaired efference copy
Feenaughty, L., Basilakos, A., Bonilha, L., den Ouden, D., Rorden, C., Stark, B. C., & Fridriksson, J. (2017) · Cognitive Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/02643294.2017.1394834 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
EEG-Based Discrimination of Imagined Speech Phonemes
Chi, X., Hagedorn, J. B., Schoonover, D., et al. (2011) · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Cerebellar circuitry and auditory verbal hallucinations: An integrative synthesis and perspective
Pinheiro, A. P., Schwartze, M., & Kotz, S. A. (2020) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.08.004 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Language statistical learning responds to reinforcement learning principles rooted in the striatum
Orpella, J., Herrero, E. M., Ripollés, P., Marco‐Pallarés, J., & de Diego‐Balaguer, R. (2021) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3001119 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Trait related sensorimotor deficits in people who stutter: An EEG investigation of μ rhythm dynamics during spontaneous fluency
Jenson, D., Reilly, K. J., Harkrider, A. W., Thornton, D. M., & Saltuklaroglu, T. (2018) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2018.05.026 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“Though covert speech does not require movement or generate reafferent feedback, forward models of the speech target and expected sensory feedback are incurred via a purely internal loop (Tian and Poeppel, 2010; Houde and Nagarajan, 2011; Tian and Poeppel, 2012).”
Functional role of delta and theta band oscillations for auditory feedback processing during vocal pitch motor control
Behroozmand, R., Ibrahim, N., Korzyukov, O. A., Robin, D. A., & Larson, C. R. (2015) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2015.00109 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Corollary Discharge Versus Efference Copy: Distinct Neural Signals in Speech Preparation Differentially Modulate Auditory Responses
Li, S., Zhu, H., & Tian, X. (2020) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhaa154 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citation
Cognitive-motor brain–machine interfaces
Tankus, A., Fried, I., & Shoham, S. (2013) · Journal of Physiology-Paris · doi:10.1016/j.jphysparis.2013.05.005 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Contributions of non-primary cortical sources to auditory temporal processing
Farahani, E. D., Wouters, J. M., & Wieringen, A. V. (2019) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.02.037 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Auditory Predictions and Prediction Errors in Response to Self-Initiated Vowels
Knolle, F., Schwartze, M., Schröger, E., & Kotz, S. A. (2019) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2019.01146 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
A Dynamical Model of Hierarchical Selection and Coordination in Speech Planning
Tilsen, S. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0062800 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
The Relative Contribution of High-Gamma Linguistic Processing Stages of Word Production, and Motor Imagery of Articulation in Class Separability of Covert Speech Tasks in EEG Data
Jahangiri, A., & Sepulveda, F. (2018) · Journal of Medical Systems · doi:10.1007/s10916-018-1137-9 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Properties of imagined experience across visual, auditory, and other sensory modalities
Sulfaro, A. A., Robinson, A. K., & Carlson, T. A. (2023) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2023.103598 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Cerebellar BOLD signal during the acquisition of a new lexicon predicts its early consolidation
Lesage, E., Nailer, E. L., & Miall, R. C. (2015) · Brain and Language · doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2015.07.005 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
A new comparator account of auditory verbal hallucinations: how motor prediction can plausibly contribute to the sense of agency for inner speech
Swiney, L., & Sousa, P. (2014) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2014.00675 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Toward a neural theory of language: Old issues and new perspectives
Grimaldi, M. (2012) · Journal of Neurolinguistics · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroling.2011.12.002 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Perceptual Experience
Hill, C. S. (2022) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192867766.001.0001 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Auditory Aspects of Auditory Imagery
Hubbard, T. L. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-5879-1_4 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
A voice without a mouth no more: The neurobiology of language and consciousness
Skipper, J. I. (2022) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104772 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“…own voice (Aziz-Zadeh et al., 2005; Ford and Mathalon, 2004; Jack et al., 2019; Price et al., 2011; Scott, 2013; Scott et al., 2013; Shergill et al., 2002; Tian, 2010; Tian and Poeppel, 2013; Whitford et al., 2017) (for critiques and discussions, see)(Gregory, 2022; Jones and Fernyhough, 2007b).”
Chisco: An EEG-based BCI dataset for decoding of imagined speech
Zhang, Z., Ding, X., Bao, Y., Zhao, Y., Liang, X., Qin, B., & Liu, T. (2024) · Scientific Data · doi:10.1038/s41597-024-04114-1 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Time Perception for Musical Rhythms: Sensorimotor Perspectives on Entrainment, Simulation, and Prediction
Ross, J. M., & Balasubramaniam, R. (2022) · Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnint.2022.916220 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Real and imagined sensory feedback have comparable effects on action anticipation
Pinheiro, A. P., Schwartze, M., Gutiérrez-Domínguez, F.-J., & Kotz, S. A. (2020) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2020.04.030 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Cerebellar and Cortical Correlates of Internal and External Speech Error Monitoring
Runnqvist, E., Chanoine, V., Strijkers, K., Pattamadilok, C., Bonnard, M., Nazarian, B., Sein, J., Anton, J., Dorokhova, L., Belin, P., et al. (2021) · Cerebral Cortex Communications · doi:10.1093/texcom/tgab038 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Bridging phenomenology and neural mechanisms of inner speech: ALE meta-analysis on egocentricity and spontaneity in a dual-mechanistic framework
Pratts, J., Pobric, G., & Yao, B. (2023) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120399 · Cited by 27 · see citing works

Neurophysiological evidence of efference copies to inner speech
Whitford, T. J., Jack, B. N., Pearson, D., Griffiths, O., Luque, D., Harris, A. W., Spencer, K. M., & Le Pelley, M. E. (2017) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.28197 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
A neural architecture for imagined and overt speech motor dynamics.
Zhao, Z.-H., Wang, Z.-J., Liu, Y., Qian, Y.-K., Yin, Y., Gao, X.-W., Yuan, B.-K., Tong, S. X., Tian, X., Chen, G., et al. (2026) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-026-02456-0
Self-citation
Unlike overt movement, motor imagery cannot update internal models
Rowe, J. M., & Boe, S. G. (2024) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106219 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Motor imagery, forward models and the cerebellum: a commentary on Rieger et al., 2023
Miall, R. C. (2024) · Psychological Research · doi:10.1007/s00426-023-01916-7 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Neural tracking of speech mental imagery during rhythmic inner counting
Lu, L., Wang, Q., Sheng, J., Liu, Z., Qin, L., Li, L., & Gao, J. (2019) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.48971 · Cited by 15 · see citing works

Authors: Tian, X.
Affiliations: New York University (US)
Corresponding author: Tian, Xing
ORCID: Tian, Xing
Venue: Frontiers in Psychology
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Published: 2010
Volume: 1
Pages: 166-166
ISSN: 1664-1078 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2010.00166
PMC: PMC3158430
OpenAlex: W2139581981
Semantic Scholar: 045155593e5392d96dc5af4659e1739e0f45cb1e
Cited by: 259
References: 119
Citations by year: 2026: 10 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 10
FWCI: 6.40
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
Locations: Frontiers in Psychology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders: Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative
Army Research Office
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Action Observation and Synchronization
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Embodied and Extended Cognition
Keywords: efference copy, motor imagery, speech imagery, finger tapping, parietal cortex, somatosensory cortex, auditory cortex, kinesthetic feedback, motor planning, neural dynamics

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Claims read by deepseek-v4.1-flash under definition version 3 (extract-v3) on 2026-09-28.

Classified by jev-1.13-20260917 (gold-guideline-v0.2) on 2026-09-28.

Cited sources are checked by gpt-6-sol.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Mental imagery of speech and movement implicates the dynamics of internal forward models

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Statistics recomputed

Self-check

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks