Raising Female Employment: Reflections and Policy Tools
Open accessAbstract
While there is consensus on the need to raise the time spent in the market by European women, it is not clear how these goals should be achieved. Tax wedges, assistance in the job search process, and part-time jobs are policy instruments that are widely debated in policy circles. The paper presents a simple model of labor supply with market frictions and heterogenous home production where the effects of these policies can be coherently analyzed. We show that subsidies to labor market entry increase women's entrance in the labor market, but they also increase exits from the labor market, with ambiguous effect on employment. Subsidies to part-time do increase employment, but they have ambiguous effects on hours and market production. Finally, reductions in taxes on market activities that are highly substitutable with home production have unambiguous positive effects on market employment and production.
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Women's labour supply is highly responsive to variations in tax rates, especially when they can easily substitute their market activities with home production.
“Their labour supply is highly responsive to variations in tax rates, especially when they can easily substitute their market activities with home production (Garibaldi and Wasmer, 2004).”
From Drivers of Female Labour Force Participation in the OECD (2013) · cites this paper as Garibaldi and Wasmer, 2004
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Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Pissarides, Chris, Pietro Garibaldi, Claudia Olivetti, Barbara Petrongolo, and Etienne Wasmer (2003). "Women in the Labour Force: How Well is Europe Doing?" Paper presented at the 5th European Conference of the Fondazione Debenedetti, available online at ͗www. frdb.org͘.
- Prescott Edward (2002). "Prosperity and Depression." American Economic Review, 92, 1-15.
Cited by
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Drivers of Female Labour Force Participation in the OECD
(2013) · OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers · doi:10.1787/5k46cvrgnms6-en · Cited by 177 · see citing works
- Authors
- Garibaldi, P., & Wasmer, E.
- Affiliations
- Center for Economic and Policy Research (US)
- 2ECARES, Free University of Brussels, University of Metz and CEPR
- Corresponding author
- Garibaldi, Pietro
- ORCID
- Garibaldi, Pietro
- Venue
- Journal of the European Economic Association
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2004-05-01
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 2-3
- Pages
- 320-330
- ISSN
- 1542-4766 (ISSN-L)
- 1542-4774
- OpenAlex
- W2111873968
- Cited by
- 16
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 2.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of the European Economic Association (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Labor market dynamics and wage inequality
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Labour Market and Migration
- Keywords
- female labor force participation, women's employment, tax wedge, job search assistance, labor supply model, market frictions, household production, labour market exit, working hours
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