The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Interpretation of Regressions with Multiple Proxies
Abstract
Multiple proxy variables are typically available for an unobserved explanatory variable in a regression. We provide a procedure by which the coefficient of interest can be estimated from a regression in which all the proxies are included simultaneously. This estimator is superior in large samples to the common practice of creating a summary measure of the proxy variables. We examine the relationship between parents' income and children's reading test scores in the United States, and between parents' assets and children's school enrollment in India, and demonstrate that the reduction in attenuation bias from a better use of proxy variables can be significant.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Structural Equation Methods in the Social Sciences
Goldberger, A. S. (1972) · Econometrica · doi:10.2307/1913851 · Cited by 668
Cited by
Economic Status and Health in Childhood: The Origins of the Gradient
Case, A., Lubotsky, D., & Paxson, C. (2002) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/000282802762024520 · Cited by 1,609
Self-citationRace, Ethnicity, and NIH Research Awards
Ginther, D. K., Schaffer, W. T., Schnell, J., Masimore, B., Liu, F., Haak, L. L., & Kington, R. (2011) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1196783 · Cited by 1,075
Early Childhood Intervention and Life-Cycle Skill Development: Evidence from Head Start
Deming, D. (2009) · American Economic Journal: Applied Economics · doi:10.1257/app.1.3.111 · Cited by 695
Filmer, D., & Scott, K. (2012) · Demography · doi:10.1007/s13524-011-0077-5 · Cited by 343
Multiple dimensions of social background and horizontal educational attainment in Sweden
Hällsten, M., & Thaning, M. (2018) · Research in Social Stratification and Mobility · doi:10.1016/j.rssm.2018.06.005 · Cited by 45
Metadata
- Authors
- Lubotsky, D., & Wittenberg, M.
- Venue
- Review of Economics and Statistics
- Publisher
- MIT Press - Journals
- Published
- 2006-08
- Volume
- 88
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 549-562
- ISSN
- 0034-6535 (ISSN-L)
- 1530-9142
- OpenAlex
- W2143336681
- Cited by
- 158
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 4.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Interpretation of Regressions with Multiple Proxies. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1162/rest.88.3.549
- The paper
- Lubotsky, D., & Wittenberg, M. (2006). Interpretation of Regressions with Multiple Proxies. Review of Economics and Statistics. https://doi.org/10.1162/rest.88.3.549
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
