The DOI matches its Crossref record; 33 of the 33 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Venture Capital, Entrepreneurship, and Economic Growth
Open accessAbstract
Using a panel of U.S. metropolitan areas, we find that increases in the supply of venture capital positively affect firm starts, employment, and aggregate income. Our results remain robust to a variety of specifications, including ones that address endogeneity. The estimated magnitudes imply that venture capital stimulates the creation of more firms than it funds, which appears consistent with two mechanisms: First, would-be entrepreneurs anticipating financing needs more likely start firms when the supply of capital expands. Second, funded companies may transfer know-how to their employees, thereby enabling spin-offs, and may encourage others to become entrepreneurs through demonstration effects.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“(c) economic growth.”
From Finance, Growth, and Inequality (2021) · cites this paper as Samila and Sorenson (2011)
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“(b) employment”
From Finance, Growth, and Inequality (2021) · cites this paper as Samila and Sorenson (2011)
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“They find that plausibly exogenous shocks to the supply of VC investment boost (a) the rate of new business formations”
From Finance, Growth, and Inequality (2021) · cites this paper as Samila and Sorenson (2011)
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Arellano, M., & Bond, S. (1991) · The Review of Economic Studies · doi:10.2307/2297968 · Cited by 33,272
The Theory of Economic Development
Schumpeter, J. A., & Backhaus, U. (2003) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.1007/0-306-48082-4_3 · Cited by 22,757
Testing for Weak Instruments in Linear IV Regression
Stock, J. H., & Yogo, M. (2005) · Identification and Inference for Econometric Models · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511614491.006 · Cited by 7,211
Rodrik, D., Subramanian, A., & Trebbi, F. (2004) · Journal of Economic Growth · doi:10.1023/b:joeg.0000031425.72248.85 · Cited by 5,423
Glaeser, E. L., Kallal, H., Scheinkman, J. A., & Shleifer, A. (1992) · Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1086/261856 · Cited by 4,610
Barro, R. J. (1992) · Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1086/261816 · Cited by 4,200
Estimating Vector Autoregressions with Panel Data
Holtz‐Eakin, D., Newey, W. K., & Rosen, H. S. (1988) · Econometrica · doi:10.2307/1913103 · Cited by 4,187
An estimated model of entrepreneurial choice under liquidity constraints
Evans, D. S., & Jovanovic, B. (1989) · Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1086/261629 · Cited by 3,347
Generalized reduced rank tests using the singular value decomposition
Kleibergen, F. R., & Paap, R. (2005) · Journal of Econometrics · doi:10.1016/j.jeconom.2005.02.011 · Cited by 2,831
Financial Development, Growth, and the Distribution of Income
Greenwood, J., & Jovanovic, B. (1990) · Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1086/261720 · Cited by 2,469
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Gilson Ronald J, 2003, Stanford Law Review, 55, 1067
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Entrepreneurship as Experimentation
Kerr, W. R., Nanda, R., & Rhodes-Kropf, M. (2014) · Journal of Economic Perspectives · doi:10.1257/jep.28.3.25 · Cited by 704
How Does Venture Capital Financing Improve Efficiency in Private Firms? A Look Beneath the Surface
Chemmanur, T. J., Krishnan, K., & Nandy, D. K. (2011) · Review of Financial Studies · doi:10.1093/rfs/hhr096 · Cited by 580
Personality Traits of Entrepreneurs: A Review of Recent Literature
Kerr, S. P., Kerr, W. R., & Xu, T. (2018) · Foundations and Trends® in Entrepreneurship · doi:10.1561/0300000080 · Cited by 572
Growth through Heterogeneous Innovations
Akcigit, U., & Kerr, W. R. (2018) · Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1086/697901 · Cited by 567
Institutions and Entrepreneurship Quality
Chowdhury, F., Audretsch, D. B., & Belitski, M. (2018) · Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice · doi:10.1177/1042258718780431 · Cited by 569
The Consequences of Entrepreneurial Finance: Evidence from Angel Financings
Kerr, W. R., Lerner, J., & Antoinette Schoar, B. (2011) · Review of Financial Studies · doi:10.1093/rfs/hhr098 · Cited by 511
Entrepreneurship and Urban Growth: An Empirical Assessment with Historical Mines
Glaeser, E. L., Kerr, S. P., & Kerr, W. R. (2012) · The Review of Economics and Statistics · doi:10.1162/rest_a_00456 · Cited by 504
Investment Cycles and Startup Innovation
Nanda, R., & Rhodes‐Kropf, M. (2011) · Journal of Financial Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jfineco.2013.07.001 · Cited by 489
Kerr, W. R., & Nanda, R. (2015) · Annual Review of Financial Economics · doi:10.1146/annurev-financial-111914-041825 · Cited by 471
Attracting Early‐Stage Investors: Evidence from a Randomized Field Experiment
Bernstein, S., Korteweg, A. G., & Laws, K. (2016) · The Journal of Finance · doi:10.1111/jofi.12470 · Cited by 410
A Survey of Venture Capital Research
Rin, M. D., Hellmann, T. F., & Puri, M. (2011) · Handbook of the economics of finance · doi:10.1016/b978-0-44-453594-8.00008-2 · Cited by 407
Carlino, G. A., & Kerr, W. R. (2015) · Handbook of regional and urban economics · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-59517-1.00006-4 · Cited by 392
Government, venture capital and the growth of European high-tech entrepreneurial firms
Grilli, L., & Murtinu, S. (2014) · Research Policy · doi:10.1016/j.respol.2014.04.002 · Cited by 369
Does innovation promote economic growth? Evidence from European countries
Maradana, R. P., Pradhan, R. P., Dash, S., Gaurav, K., Jayakumar, M., & Chatterjee, D. (2017) · Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship · doi:10.1186/s13731-016-0061-9 · Cited by 347
Clusters of Entrepreneurship and Innovation
Chatterji, A., Glaeser, E. L., & Kerr, W. A. (2014) · Innovation Policy and the Economy · doi:10.1086/674023 · Cited by 290
Nanda, R., & Rhodes‐Kropf, M. (2016) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.2015.2350 · Cited by 260
Accelerating Entrepreneurs and Ecosystems: The Seed Accelerator Model
Hochberg, Y. V. (2016) · Innovation Policy and the Economy · doi:10.1086/684985 · Cited by 258
AI adoption in America: Who, what, and where
McElheran, K., Li, J. F., Brynjolfsson, E., Kroff, Z., Dinlersoz, E., Foster, L., & Zolas, N. J. (2024) · Journal of Economics & Management Strategy · doi:10.1111/jems.12576 · Cited by 252
Ji, X., Wang, K., Xu, H., & Li, M. (2021) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su13158292 · Cited by 236
Noncompete Covenants: Incentives to Innovate or Impediments to Growth
Samila, S., & Sorenson, O. (2011) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.1100.1280 · Cited by 223
Self-citationVenture capital as a catalyst to commercialization
Samila, S., & Sorenson, O. (2010) · Research Policy · doi:10.1016/j.respol.2010.08.006 · Cited by 207
Self-citationSpatial Determinants of Entrepreneurship in India
Ghani, E., Kerr, W. R., & O'Connell, S. D. (2013) · Regional Studies · doi:10.1080/00343404.2013.839869 · Cited by 206
Guzmán, J., & Stern, S. (2020) · American Economic Journal Economic Policy · doi:10.1257/pol.20170498 · Cited by 206
Is Green the New Gold? Venture Capital and Green Entrepreneurship
Mrkajic, B., Murtinu, S., & Scalera, V. G. (2016) · Small Business Economics · doi:10.1007/s11187-017-9943-x · Cited by 206
Alvarez‐Garrido, E., & Dushnitsky, G. (2014) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/smj.2359 · Cited by 197
Do Place-Based Policies Promote Local Innovation and Entrepreneurship?*
Tian, X., & Xu, J. (2021) · European Finance Review · doi:10.1093/rof/rfab029 · Cited by 199
Friends or foes? The interrelationship between angel and venture capital markets
Hellmann, T. F., & Thiele, V. (2014) · Journal of Financial Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jfineco.2014.10.009 · Cited by 188
A comparison of the effect of angels and venture capitalists on innovation and value creation
Dutta, S., & Folta, T. B. (2015) · Journal of Business Venturing · doi:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2015.08.003 · Cited by 172
Alperovych, Y., Hübner, G., & Lobet, F. (2014) · Journal of Business Venturing · doi:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2014.11.001 · Cited by 175
Vedula, S., & Kim, P. H. (2019) · Industrial and Corporate Change · doi:10.1093/icc/dtz032 · Cited by 161
Pradhan, R. P., Arvin, M. B., Nair, M. S., Bennett, S. E., & Bahmani, S. (2018) · Technology in Society · doi:10.1016/j.techsoc.2018.11.002 · Cited by 160
How Does Venture Capital Financing Improve Efficiency in Private Firms? A Look Beneath the SurfacePreprint
Chemmanur, T. J., Krishnan, K., & Nandy, D. K. (2008) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1025322 · Cited by 160
Micro-entrepreneurship and subjective well-being: Evidence from rural Bangladesh
Bhuiyan, M. F., & Ivļevs, A. (2018) · Journal of Business Venturing · doi:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2018.09.005 · Cited by 152
‘Cleantech’ venture capital around the world
Cumming, D. J., Henriques, I., & Sadorsky, P. (2016) · International Review of Financial Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.irfa.2016.01.015 · Cited by 150
Chemmanur, T. J., Hull, T. J., & Krishnan, K. (2011) · Journal of Business Venturing · doi:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2016.07.002 · Cited by 148
Does venture capital really foster innovation?
Faria, A. P., & Barbosa, N. (2013) · Economics Letters · doi:10.1016/j.econlet.2013.11.014 · Cited by 146
Does Local Access to Finance Matter? Evidence from U.S. Oil and Natural Gas Shale Booms
Gilje, E. P. (2017) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.2017.2818 · Cited by 140
Public policy, entrepreneurship, and venture capital in the United States
Cumming, D. J., & Li, D. (2013) · Journal of Corporate Finance · doi:10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2013.09.005 · Cited by 140
Cross Border Venture Capital Investment: A Network of Emerging Trust
Hain, D. S., Johan, S., & Wang, D. (2014) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-015-2772-4 · Cited by 139
A portrait of innovative start-ups across countries
Breschi, S., Lassébie, J., & Menon, C. (2018) · OECD science, technology and industry working papers · doi:10.1787/f9ff02f4-en · Cited by 143
Personality Traits of Entrepreneurs: A Review of Recent Literature
Kerr, S. P., Kerr, W. R., & Xu, T. (2017) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w24097 · Cited by 137
Carlino, G. A., & Kerr, W. R. (2014) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w20367 · Cited by 136
Thomas, E., Faccin, K., & Asheim, B. (2020) · Growth and Change · doi:10.1111/grow.12442 · Cited by 159
Knowledge-Based Capital, Innovation and Resource Allocation
Andrews, D., & Criscuolo, C. (2013) · OECD Economics Department working papers · doi:10.1787/5k46bj546kzs-en · Cited by 132
Sunny, S. A., & Shu, C. (2017) · Small Business Economics · doi:10.1007/s11187-017-9941-z · Cited by 125
Clusters of Entrepreneurship and Innovation
Chatterji, A., Glaeser, E. L., & Kerr, W. R. (2013) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w19013 · Cited by 122
The Dutch Entrepreneurial Ecosystem
Stam, E. (2014) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2473475 · Cited by 122
Entrepreneurship as Experimentation
Kerr, W. R., Nanda, R., & Rhodes‐Kropf, M. (2014) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w20358 · Cited by 115
The Economic Impact of Venture Capital: Evidence from Public CompaniesPreprint
Gornall, W., & Strebulaev, I. A. (2015) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2681841 · Cited by 114
State Governments as Financiers of Technology Startups: Implications for Firm Performance
Zhao, B., & Ziedonis, R. H. (2012) · Research Policy · doi:10.1016/j.respol.2020.103926 · Cited by 109
Financial Development and Technology Diffusion
Comín, D., & Nanda, R. (2019) · IMF Economic Review · doi:10.1057/s41308-019-00078-0 · Cited by 107
The impact of digital finance on residential carbon emissions: Evidence from China
Pu, Z., & Fei, J. (2022) · Structural Change and Economic Dynamics · doi:10.1016/j.strueco.2022.07.006 · Cited by 107
Kerr, S. P., & Kerr, W. R. (2016) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w22385 · Cited by 105
Bertoni, F., Colombo, M. G., & Quas, A. (2017) · Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice · doi:10.1177/1042258717735303 · Cited by 104
Growth Through Heterogeneous Innovations
Akcigit, U., & Kerr, W. R. (2010) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w16443 · Cited by 102
Self-employment and well-being across institutional contexts
Fritsch, M., Sorgner, A., & Wyrwich, M. (2019) · Journal of Business Venturing · doi:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2019.105946 · Cited by 100
A Panel Data Analysis on Determinants of Economic Growth in Seven Non-BCBS Countries
Batrancea, L. M., Rathnaswamy, M. M., & Bătrâncea, I. (2021) · Journal of the Knowledge Economy · doi:10.1007/s13132-021-00785-y · Cited by 100
Accelerators and the Regional Supply of Venture Capital InvestmentPreprint
Fehder, D. C., & Hochberg, Y. V. (2014) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2518668 · Cited by 100
Venture capitalists at work: A diff-in-diff approach at late-stages of the screening process
Bronzini, R., Caramellino, G., & Magri, S. (2019) · Journal of Business Venturing · doi:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2019.105968 · Cited by 97
Venture capital and new business creation
Popov, A. A., & Roosenboom, P. (2013) · Journal of Banking & Finance · doi:10.1016/j.jbankfin.2013.08.010 · Cited by 97
Regional ecologies of entrepreneurship
Sorenson, O. (2017) · Journal of Economic Geography · doi:10.1093/jeg/lbx031 · Cited by 95
Self-citationPradhan, R. P., Arvin, M. B., Nair, M. S., Bennett, S. E., Bahmani, S., & Hall, J. H. (2018) · Journal of Multinational Financial Management · doi:10.1016/j.mulfin.2018.01.002 · Cited by 93
How venture capitalists spur invention in Spain: Evidence from patent trajectories
Arqué‐Castells, P. (2012) · Research Policy · doi:10.1016/j.respol.2012.01.008 · Cited by 92
Low-Wage Workers and the Enforceability of Non-Compete Agreements
Lipsitz, M., & Starr, E. P. (2019) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.2020.3918 · Cited by 91
The Consequences of Entrepreneurial Finance: A Regression Discontinuity Analysis
Kerr, W. R., Lerner, J., & Antoinette Schoar, B. (2010) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w15831 · Cited by 91
Bertoni, F., Bonini, S., Capizzi, V., Colombo, M. G., & Manigart, S. (2021) · Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice · doi:10.1177/10422587211038480 · Cited by 97
Carlino, G. A., & Kerr, W. R. (2014) · Working paper · doi:10.21799/frbp.wp.2014.26 · Cited by 90
Financial innovation, economic growth, and the consequences of macroprudential policies
Bernier, M., & Plouffe, M. (2019) · Research in Economics · doi:10.1016/j.rie.2019.04.003 · Cited by 88
Innovation-Driven Entrepreneurship
Botelho, T. L., Fehder, D. C., & Hochberg, Y. V. (2021) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w28990 · Cited by 88
Evidence on Finance and Economic Growth
Popov, A. A. (2017) · Social Science Research Network · doi:10.4337/9781785360510.00009 · Cited by 102
Financial Inclusion, Entry Barriers, and Entrepreneurship: Evidence from China
Fan, Z., & Zhang, R. (2017) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su9020203 · Cited by 86
Credit, Crisis and Contract Enforcement: Evidence from the Spanish Loan Market
Mora‐Sanguinetti, J. S., Martínez-Matute, M., & García-Posada, M. (2016) · European Journal of Law and Economics · doi:10.1007/s10657-017-9557-4 · Cited by 86
Conti, A., Dass, N., Lorenzo, F. D., & Graham, S. J. H. (2016) · Research Policy · doi:10.1016/j.respol.2018.11.009 · Cited by 85
Qiu, B., & Wang, T. (2018) · Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis · doi:10.1017/s0022109018000066 · Cited by 83
Ghio, N., Guerini, M., & Rossi-Lamastra, C. (2019) · Small Business Economics · doi:10.1007/s11187-017-9958-3 · Cited by 82
Vedula, S., & Fitza, M. (2019) · Strategy Science · doi:10.1287/stsc.2019.0076 · Cited by 81
Li, C., Zhang, X., Dong, X., Yan, Q., Zeng, L., & Wang, Z. (2023) · Resources Policy · doi:10.1016/j.resourpol.2023.103333 · Cited by 79
Growth Through Heterogeneous InnovationsPreprint
Akcigit, U., & Kerr, W. R. (2012) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2096240 · Cited by 79
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE FINTECH INDUSTRY
Chemmanur, T. J., Imerman, M. B., Rajaiya, H., & Yu, Q. (2020) · Journal of Financial Management Markets and Institutions · doi:10.1142/s2282717x20400022 · Cited by 78
Taboga, M. (2021) · Empirical Economics · doi:10.1007/s00181-021-02066-8 · Cited by 77
The Effect of Patent Litigation and Patent Assertion Entities on Entrepreneurial Activity
Kiebzak, S., Rafert, G., & Tucker, C. E. (2014) · Research Policy · doi:10.1016/j.respol.2015.07.002 · Cited by 76
Growth Through Heterogeneous InnovationsPreprint
Akcigit, U., & Kerr, W. R. (2010) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1698837 · Cited by 76
Does venture capital foster entrepreneurship in an emerging market?
Gu, W., & Qian, X. (2018) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.12.011 · Cited by 75
Community and Capital in Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth
Samila, S., & Sorenson, O. (2017) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.1177/0003122417711699 · Cited by 75
Self-citationDuan, L., Sun, W., & Zheng, S. (2020) · Journal of Transport Geography · doi:10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2020.102852 · Cited by 74
Disclosure, venture capital and entrepreneurial spawning
Cumming, D. J., & Knill, A. M. (2012) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/jibs.2012.9 · Cited by 74
Venture capital in Europe: social capital, formal institutions and mediation effects
Grilli, L., Mrkajic, B., & Latifi, G. (2018) · Small Business Economics · doi:10.1007/s11187-018-0007-7 · Cited by 72
Labor Regulations and European Venture Capital
Bozkaya, A., & Kerr, W. R. (2014) · Journal of Economics & Management Strategy · doi:10.1111/jems.12077 · Cited by 72
Co‐inventor networks and knowledge production in specialized and diversified cities
van der Wouden, F., & Rigby, D. L. (2019) · Papers of the Regional Science Association · doi:10.1111/pirs.12432 · Cited by 72
Do fintech applications promote regional innovation efficiency? Empirical evidence from China
Yang, L., & Wang, S. (2022) · Socio-Economic Planning Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.seps.2022.101258 · Cited by 71
Venture Capital, Credit, and FinTech Start-Up Formation: A Cross-Country Study
Kolokas, D., Vanacker, T. R., Veredas, D., & Zahra, S. A. (2020) · Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice · doi:10.1177/1042258720972652 · Cited by 71
Venture capital enters academia: an analysis of university-managed funds
Croce, A., Grilli, L., & Murtinu, S. (2013) · The Journal of Technology Transfer · doi:10.1007/s10961-013-9317-8 · Cited by 71
Intangible Assets, Resource Allocation and Growth
Andrews, D., & de Serres, A. (2012) · OECD Economics Department working papers · doi:10.1787/5k92s63w14wb-en · Cited by 70
Entrepreneurship and Enforcement Institutions: Disaggregated Evidence for SpainPreprint
García-Posada, M., & Mora‐Sanguinetti, J. S. (2014) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2413422 · Cited by 70
The role of finance in the literature of entrepreneurial ecosystems
Frimanslund, T., Kwiatkowski, G., & Oklevik, O. (2022) · European Planning Studies · doi:10.1080/09654313.2022.2055962 · Cited by 69
Do banks or VCs spur small firm growth?
Cole, R. A., Cumming, D. J., & Li, D. (2015) · Journal of International Financial Markets Institutions and Money · doi:10.1016/j.intfin.2015.12.005 · Cited by 69
Beyond venture capital: an exploratory study of the finance-innovation-policy nexus in cleantech
Migendt, M., Polzin, F., Schock, F., Taübe, F., & von Flotow, P. (2017) · Industrial and Corporate Change · doi:10.1093/icc/dtx014 · Cited by 70
Ferdousi, F., & Mahmud, P. (2019) · Journal of global entrepreneurship research · doi:10.1186/s40497-019-0184-0 · Cited by 65
Bolzani, D., Rasmussen, E., & Fini, R. (2020) · Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal · doi:10.1002/sej.1359 · Cited by 64
The rise of urban tech: how innovations for cities come from cities
Adler, P., & Florida, R. L. (2021) · Regional Studies · doi:10.1080/00343404.2021.1962520 · Cited by 67
Metadata
- Authors
- Samila, S., & Sorenson, O.
- Affiliations
- Brock University (CA)
- Yale University (US)
- Venue
- Review of Economics and Statistics
- Publisher
- MIT Press - Journals
- Published
- 2011-02
- Volume
- 93
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 338-349
- ISSN
- 0034-6535 (ISSN-L)
- 1530-9142
- OpenAlex
- W1990980528
- Cited by
- 673
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 52 · 2025: 63 · 2024: 62 · 2023: 42 · 2022: 64 · 2021: 48 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 44 · 2018: 44 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 42 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 74.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- escholarship.org
- Locations
- The Review of Economics and Statistics (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Finance › Private Equity and Venture Capital
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Management of Technology and Innovation › Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Firm Innovation and Growth
- Keywords
- venture capital, entrepreneurship, economic growth, firm start-ups, employment, aggregate income, metropolitan areas, endogeneity, spin-offs, knowledge transfer, demonstration effect, startups
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
